1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>2.5. How to Specify Physics Processes</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../xml/XSLCustomizationLayer/G4HTMLStylesheet.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Geant4 User's Guide for Application Developers"><link rel="up" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. Getting Started with Geant4 - Running a Simple Example"><link rel="prev" href="ch02s04.html" title="2.4. How to Specify Particles"><link rel="next" href="ch02s06.html" title="2.6. How to Generate a Primary Event"><script language="JavaScript"> |
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8 | </script></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">2.5. |
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9 | How to Specify Physics Processes |
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10 | </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s04.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. |
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11 | Getting Started with Geant4 - Running a Simple Example |
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12 | </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s06.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sect.HowToSpecPhysProc"></a>2.5. |
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13 | How to Specify Physics Processes |
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14 | </h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSpecPhysProc.PhysProc"></a>2.5.1. |
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15 | Physics Processes |
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16 | </h3></div></div></div><p> |
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17 | Physics processes describe how particles interact with materials. |
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18 | Geant4 provides seven major categories of processes: |
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19 | |
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20 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p> |
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21 | electromagnetic, |
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22 | </p></li><li><p> |
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23 | hadronic, |
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24 | </p></li><li><p> |
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25 | transportation, |
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26 | </p></li><li><p> |
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27 | decay, |
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28 | </p></li><li><p> |
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29 | optical, |
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30 | </p></li><li><p> |
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31 | photolepton_hadron, and |
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32 | </p></li><li><p>parameterisation. |
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33 | </p></li></ul></div><p> |
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34 | </p><p> |
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35 | All physics processes are derived from the <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VProcess</em></span> |
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36 | base class. Its virtual methods |
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37 | |
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38 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p> |
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39 | <code class="literal">AtRestDoIt</code>, |
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40 | </p></li><li><p> |
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41 | <code class="literal">AlongStepDoIt</code>, and |
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42 | </p></li><li><p> |
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43 | <code class="literal">PostStepDoIt</code> |
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44 | </p></li></ul></div><p> |
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45 | |
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46 | and the corresponding methods |
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47 | |
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48 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p> |
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49 | <code class="literal">AtRestGetPhysicalInteractionLength</code>, |
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50 | </p></li><li><p> |
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51 | <code class="literal">AlongStepGetPhysicalInteractionLength</code>, and |
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52 | </p></li><li><p> |
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53 | <code class="literal">PostStepGetPhysicalInteractionLength</code> |
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54 | </p></li></ul></div><p> |
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55 | |
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56 | describe the behavior of a physics process when they are |
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57 | implemented in a derived class. The details of these methods are |
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58 | described in |
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59 | <a href="ch05s02.html" title="5.2. |
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60 | Physics Processes |
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61 | ">Section 5.2</a>. |
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62 | </p><p> |
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63 | The following are specialized base classes to be used for simple |
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64 | processes: |
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65 | |
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66 | </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>G4VAtRestProcess</em></span></span></dt><dd> |
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67 | Processes with only <code class="literal">AtRestDoIt</code></dd><dt><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>G4VContinuousProcess</em></span></span></dt><dd> |
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68 | Processes with only <code class="literal">AlongStepDoIt</code></dd><dt><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>G4VDiscreteProcess</em></span></span></dt><dd> |
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69 | processes with only <code class="literal">PostStepDoIt</code></dd></dl></div><p> |
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70 | </p><p> |
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71 | Another 4 virtual classes, such as |
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72 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VContinuousDiscreteProcess</em></span>, are provided for complex |
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73 | processes. |
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74 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSpecPhysProc.ManagingProc"></a>2.5.2. |
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75 | Managing Processes |
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76 | </h3></div></div></div><p> |
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77 | The <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span> class contains a list of processes that |
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78 | a particle can undertake. It has information on the order of |
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79 | invocation of the processes, as well as which kind of <code class="literal">DoIt</code> |
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80 | method is valid for each process in the list. A |
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81 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span> object corresponds to each particle and is |
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82 | attached to the <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ParticleDefiniton</em></span> class. |
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83 | </p><p> |
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84 | In order to validate processes, they should be registered with |
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85 | the particle's <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span>. Process ordering |
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86 | information is included by using the <code class="literal">AddProcess()</code> and |
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87 | <code class="literal">SetProcessOrdering()</code> methods. For registration of simple |
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88 | processes, the <code class="literal">AddAtRestProcess()</code>, |
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89 | <code class="literal">AddContinuousProcess()</code> and <code class="literal">AddDiscreteProcess()</code> |
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90 | methods may be used. |
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91 | </p><p> |
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92 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span> is able to turn some processes on or off |
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93 | during a run by using the <code class="literal">ActivateProcess()</code> and |
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94 | <code class="literal">InActivateProcess()</code> methods. These methods are valid only |
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95 | after process registration is complete, so they must not be used in |
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96 | the <span class="emphasis"><em>PreInit</em></span> phase. |
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97 | </p><p> |
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98 | The <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VUserPhysicsList</em></span> class creates and attaches |
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99 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span> objects to all particle classes defined in |
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100 | the <code class="literal">ConstructParticle()</code> method. |
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101 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSpecPhysProc.SpecPhysProc"></a>2.5.3. |
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102 | Specifying Physics Processes |
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103 | </h3></div></div></div><p> |
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104 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VUserPhysicsList</em></span> is the base class for a "mandatory user |
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105 | class" (see <a href="ch02.html#sect.HowToDefMain" title="2.1. |
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106 | How to Define the main() Program |
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107 | ">Section 2.1</a>), in which all physics |
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108 | processes and all particles required in a simulation must be registered. |
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109 | The user must create a class derived from |
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110 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VUserPhysicsList</em></span> and implement the pure virtual method |
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111 | <code class="literal">ConstructProcess()</code>. |
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112 | </p><p> |
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113 | For example, if just the <span class="emphasis"><em>G4Geantino</em></span> particle class is |
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114 | required, only the transportation process need be registered. The |
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115 | <code class="literal">ConstructProcess()</code> method would then be implemented as |
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116 | follows: |
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117 | |
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118 | </p><div class="example"><a name="programlist_HowToSpecPhysProc_1"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.17. |
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119 | Register processes for a geantino. |
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120 | </b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"> |
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121 | void ExN01PhysicsList::ConstructProcess() |
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122 | { |
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123 | // Define transportation process |
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124 | AddTransportation(); |
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125 | } |
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126 | </pre></div></div><p><br class="example-break"> |
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127 | |
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128 | Here, the <code class="literal">AddTransportation()</code> method is provided in the |
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129 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VUserPhysicsList</em></span> class to register the |
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130 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4Transportation</em></span> class with all particle classes. The |
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131 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4Transportation</em></span> class (and/or related classes) describes |
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132 | the particle motion in space and time. It is the mandatory process |
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133 | for tracking particles. |
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134 | </p><p> |
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135 | In the <code class="literal">ConstructProcess()</code> method, physics processes |
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136 | should be created and registered with each particle's instance of |
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137 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span>. |
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138 | </p><p> |
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139 | An example of process registration is given in the |
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140 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4VUserPhysicsList</em></span>::<code class="literal">AddTransportation()</code> |
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141 | method. |
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142 | </p><p> |
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143 | Registration in <span class="emphasis"><em>G4ProcessManager</em></span> is a complex procedure |
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144 | for other processes and particles because the relations between |
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145 | processes are crucial for some processes. Please see |
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146 | <a href="ch05s02.html" title="5.2. |
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147 | Physics Processes |
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148 | ">Section 5.2</a> and the example codes. |
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149 | </p><p> |
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150 | An example of electromagnetic process registration for photons |
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151 | is shown below: |
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152 | |
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153 | </p><div class="example"><a name="programlist_HowToSpecPhysProc_2"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.18. |
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154 | Register processes for a gamma. |
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155 | </b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"> |
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156 | void MyPhysicsList::ConstructProcess() |
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157 | { |
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158 | // Define transportation process |
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159 | AddTransportation(); |
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160 | // electromagnetic processes |
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161 | ConstructEM(); |
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162 | } |
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163 | void MyPhysicsList::ConstructEM() |
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164 | { |
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165 | // Get the process manager for gamma |
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166 | G4ParticleDefinition* particle = G4Gamma::GammaDefinition(); |
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167 | G4ProcessManager* pmanager = particle->GetProcessManager(); |
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168 | |
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169 | // Construct processes for gamma |
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170 | G4PhotoElectricEffect * thePhotoElectricEffect = new G4PhotoElectricEffect(); |
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171 | G4ComptonScattering * theComptonScattering = new G4ComptonScattering(); |
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172 | G4GammaConversion* theGammaConversion = new G4GammaConversion(); |
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173 | |
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174 | // Register processes to gamma's process manager |
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175 | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(thePhotoElectricEffect); |
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176 | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(theComptonScattering); |
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177 | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(theGammaConversion); |
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178 | } |
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179 | </pre></div></div><p><br class="example-break"> |
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180 | </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s04.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/up.gif" alt="Up"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s06.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">2.4. |
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181 | How to Specify Particles |
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182 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 2.6. |
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183 | How to Generate a Primary Event |
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184 | </td></tr></table></div></body></html> |
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