| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>2.8. How to Set Up an Interactive Session</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../xml/XSLCustomizationLayer/G4HTMLStylesheet.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Geant4 User's Guide for Application Developers"><link rel="up" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. Getting Started with Geant4 - Running a Simple Example"><link rel="prev" href="ch02s07.html" title="2.7. How to Make an Executable Program"><link rel="next" href="ch02s09.html" title="2.9. How to Execute a Program"><script language="JavaScript">
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| 5 | RemoteWin=window.open(url,"","resizable=no,toolbar=0,location=0,directories=0,status=0,menubar=0,scrollbars=0,copyhistory=0,width=520,height=520")
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| 6 | RemoteWin.creator=self
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| 7 | }
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| 8 | </script></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">2.8.
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| 9 | How to Set Up an Interactive Session
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| 10 | </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s07.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2.
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| 11 | Getting Started with Geant4 - Running a Simple Example
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| 12 | </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s09.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter"></a>2.8.
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| 13 | How to Set Up an Interactive Session
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| 14 | </h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.Intro"></a>2.8.1.
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| 15 | Introduction
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| 16 | </h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.Intro.RolesIntercoms"></a>2.8.1.1.
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| 17 | Roles of the "intercoms" category
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| 18 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 19 | The "intercoms" category
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| 20 | provides an expandable command interpreter. It is the key mechanism
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| 21 | of Geant4 to realize user interactions of all categories without
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| 22 | being annoyed by the dependencies among categories. The direct use
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| 23 | of Geant4 classes in a C++ program offers a first ground level of
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| 24 | interactivity, i.e., the batch session. As seen in the
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| 25 | examples/novice/N01, Geant4 commands and macros are to be
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| 26 | hard-coded in the program.
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| 27 | </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.Intro.UserInterfaces"></a>2.8.1.2.
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| 28 | User Interfaces to steer the simulation
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| 29 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 30 | To avoid too much programming, the
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| 31 | "intercoms" category provides the abstract class <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIsession</em></span>
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| 32 | that captures interactive commands . The concrete implementation of
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| 33 | the user interface and Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is left to
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| 34 | the interfaces category. This interfacing strategy opens an
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| 35 | important door towards various user interface tools and allows
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| 36 | Geant4 to utilize the state-of-the-art GUI tools such as Motif and
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| 37 | Java, etc..The richness of the collaboration has permitted for
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| 38 | different groups to offer various user interfaces to the Geant4
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| 39 | command system. Currently available are the following;
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| 40 |
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| 41 | </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1" compact><li><p>
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| 42 | Character terminal (dumb terminal and tcsh(bash)-like terminal),
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| 43 | the default user interface of Geant4,
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| 44 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 45 | Xm, Xaw, Win32, variations of the upper terminal by using a
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| 46 | Motif, Athena or Windows widget to retrieve commands, and
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| 47 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 48 | GAG, a fully Graphical User Interface and its extension
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| 49 | GainServer of the client/server type.
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| 50 | </p></li></ol></div><p>
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| 51 | </p><p>
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| 52 | Full implementation of the character
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| 53 | terminals (1 and 2) is included in the standard Geant4 distribution
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| 54 | in the <code class="literal">source/interfaces/basic</code> directory. As for GAG
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| 55 | with rich GUI functionalities, its front-end classes are included
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| 56 | in the Geant4 distribution in the source/interfaces/GAG directory.
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| 57 | The corresponding GUI package is available either from the author's
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| 58 | Web pages (see URL below) or in the distributed package under the
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| 59 | <code class="literal">environments/MOMO</code> directory.
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| 60 | </p><p>
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| 61 | GAG, GainServer's client GUI Gain:
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| 62 | <a href="http://erpc1.naruto-u.ac.jp/~geant4" target="_top">
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| 63 | http://erpc1.naruto-u.ac.jp/~geant4
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| 64 | </a>
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| 65 | </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.DescInter"></a>2.8.2.
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| 66 | A Short Description of Available Interface Classes
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| 67 | </h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.DescInter.G4UI"></a>2.8.2.1.
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| 68 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIterminal</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UItcsh</em></span> classes
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| 69 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 70 | These interfaces open a session on the character terminal.
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| 71 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIterminal</em></span> runs on all platform supported by Geant4,
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| 72 | including <span class="emphasis"><em>cygwin</em></span> on Windows,
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| 73 | while <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UItcsh</em></span> runs on Solaris and Linux. G4UItcsh
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| 74 | supports user-friendly key bindings a-la-tcsh (or bash);
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| 75 |
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| 76 | </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">^A</span></dt><dd>
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| 77 | move cursor to the top
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| 78 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^B</span></dt><dd>
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| 79 | backward cursor ([LEFT] cursor)
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| 80 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^C (except Windows terminal)</span></dt><dd>
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| 81 | abort a run (<span class="emphasis"><em>soft abort</em></span>) during event processing.
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| 82 | A program will be terminated while accepting a user command.
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| 83 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^D</span></dt><dd>
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| 84 | delete/exit/show matched list
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| 85 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^E</span></dt><dd>
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| 86 | move cursor to the end
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| 87 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^F</span></dt><dd>
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| 88 | forward cursor ([RIGHT] cursor)
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| 89 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^K</span></dt><dd>
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| 90 | clear after the cursor
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| 91 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^N</span></dt><dd>
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| 92 | next command ([DOWN] cursor)
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| 93 | </dd><dt><span class="term">^P</span></dt><dd>
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| 94 | previous command ([UP] cursor)
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| 95 | </dd><dt><span class="term">TAB</span></dt><dd>
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| 96 | command completion
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| 97 | </dd><dt><span class="term">DEL</span></dt><dd>
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| 98 | backspace
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| 99 | </dd><dt><span class="term">BS</span></dt><dd>
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| 100 | backspace
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| 101 | </dd></dl></div><p>
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| 102 | </p><p>
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| 103 | In addition, the following string substitutions are supported;
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| 104 |
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| 105 | </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">%s</span></dt><dd>
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| 106 | current application status
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| 107 | </dd><dt><span class="term">%/</span></dt><dd>
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| 108 | current working directory
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| 109 | </dd><dt><span class="term">%h</span></dt><dd>
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| 110 | history number
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| 111 | </dd></dl></div><p>
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| 112 | </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.DescInter.G4UIXm"></a>2.8.2.2.
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| 113 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXm</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXaw</em></span> and
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| 114 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIWin32</em></span> classes
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| 115 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 116 | These interfaces are versions of <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIterminal</em></span>
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| 117 | implemented over libraries Motif, Athena and WIN32 respectively.
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| 118 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXm</em></span> uses the Motif XmCommand widget,
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| 119 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXaw</em></span> the Athena dialog
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| 120 | widget, and <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIWin32</em></span> the Windows "edit" component to do the
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| 121 | command capturing. These interfaces are useful if working in
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| 122 | conjunction with visualization drivers that use the Xt library or
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| 123 | the WIN32 one.
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| 124 | </p><p>
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| 125 | A command box is at disposal for entering or recalling Geant4 commands.
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| 126 | Command completion by typing &ldquo;TAB&rdquo; key is
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| 127 | available on the command line. The shellcommands "exit, cont,
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| 128 | help, ls, cd..." are also supported. A menu bar could be customized
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| 129 | through the <span class="emphasis"><em>AddMenu</em></span> and
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| 130 | <span class="emphasis"><em>AddButton</em></span> method. Ex:
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| 131 |
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| 132 | </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">/gui/addMenu</span></dt><dd>
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| 133 | test Test
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| 134 | </dd><dt><span class="term">/gui/addButton</span></dt><dd>
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| 135 | test Init /run/initialize
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| 136 | </dd><dt><span class="term">/gui/addButton</span></dt><dd>
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| 137 | test "Set gun" "/control/execute gun.g4m"
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| 138 | </dd><dt><span class="term">/gui/addButton</span></dt><dd>
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| 139 | test "Run one event" "/run/beamOn 1"
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| 140 | </dd></dl></div><p>
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| 141 | </p><p>
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| 142 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXm</em></span> runs on Unix/Linux with Motif. <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXaw</em></span>,
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| 143 | less user friendly, runs on Unix with Athena widgets.
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| 144 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIWin32</em></span> runs on Windows.
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| 145 | </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.DescInter.G4UIGAG"></a>2.8.2.3.
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| 146 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGAG</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGainServer</em></span> classes
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| 147 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 148 | They are the front-end classes of Geant4 which interface with their
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| 149 | respective graphical user interfaces, GAG (Geant4 Adaptive GUI) and Gain
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| 150 | (Geant4 adaptive interface for network). While GAG must run on the same
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| 151 | system (Windows or Unixen) as a Geant4 application, Gain can run on a
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| 152 | remote system (Windows, Linux, etc.) to which JVM (Java Virtual
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| 153 | Machine) is installed. A Geant4 application is invoked on a Unix
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| 154 | (Linux) system and behaves as a network server. It opens a port,
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| 155 | waiting the connection from the Gain. Gain is capable to connect to
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| 156 | multiple Geant4 "servers" on Unixen systems at different
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| 157 | institutes.
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| 158 | </p><p>
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| 159 | Client GUI, GAG and Gain have almost similar look-and-feel. So,
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| 160 | GAG's functionalities are briefly introduced here. Please refer to
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| 161 | the above URL for details and to download the client GUIs.
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| 162 | </p><p>
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| 163 | GAG is a Graphical User Interface tool with which user
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| 164 | can set parameters and execute commands. It is adaptive, since GAG
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| 165 | reflects the internal states of Geant4 that is a state machine. GAG
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| 166 | is based on the server-client model; GAG is the server, while
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| 167 | Geant4 executables are clients. Hence, GAG does nothing by itself
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| 168 | and it must invoke an executable simulation program. Geant4's
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| 169 | front-end class <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGAG</em></span> must be instantiated to
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| 170 | communicate with GAG. This runs on Linux and Windows 2000.
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| 171 | GAG is written in Java and
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| 172 | its Jar (Java Archive) file is available from the above URL. See
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| 173 | the same pages to know how to install and run Java programs.
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| 174 | </p><p>
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| 175 | GAG has following functions.
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| 176 |
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| 177 | </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">GAG Menu:</span></dt><dd>
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| 178 | The menus are to choose and run a GEANT4 executable file, to kill or exit
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| 179 | a GEANT4 process and to exit GAG. Upon the normal exit or an
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| 180 | unexpected death of the Geant4 process, GAG window are
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| 181 | automatically reset to accept another GEANT4 executable.
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| 182 | </dd><dt><span class="term">GEANT4 Command tree:</span></dt><dd>
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| 183 | Upon the establishment of the pipe with the GEANT4 process, GAG displays
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| 184 | the command menu tree whose look and feel is quite similar to
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| 185 | Windows' file browser. Disabled commands are shown opaque. GAG
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| 186 | doesn &rsquo;t display commands that are just below the root of
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| 187 | the command hierarchy. Direct type-in field is available for such
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| 188 | input. Guidance of command categories and commands are displayed
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| 189 | upon focusing. GAG has a command history function. User can
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| 190 | re-execute a command with old parameters, edit the history, or save
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| 191 | the history to create a macro file.
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| 192 | </dd><dt><span class="term">Command Parameter panel:</span></dt><dd>
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| 193 | GAG's parameter panel is the user-friendliest part. It displays parameter
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| 194 | name, its guidance, its type(s) (integer, double, Boolean or string),
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| 195 | omittable, default value(s), expression(s) of its range and candidate list(s)
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| 196 | (for example, of units). Range check is done by intercoms and
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| 197 | the error message from it is shown in the pop-up dialog box. When a
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| 198 | parameter component has a candidate list, a list box is
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| 199 | automatically displayed . When a file is requested by a command,
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| 200 | the file chooser is available.
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| 201 | </dd><dt><span class="term">Logging:</span></dt><dd>
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| 202 | Log can be redirected to the terminal (xterm or cygwin
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| 203 | window) from which GAG is invoked. It can be interrupted as will,
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| 204 | in the middle of long session of execution. Log can be saved to a
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| 205 | file independent of the above redirection . GAG displays warning or
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| 206 | error messages from GEANT4 in a pop-up warning widget.
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| 207 | </dd></dl></div><p>
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| 208 | </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.BuildLib"></a>2.8.3.
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| 209 | Building the Interface Libraries
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| 210 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 211 | The libraries that don't depend on external packages are made by default.
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| 212 | They include <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIterminal</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UItcsh</em></span>
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| 213 | and <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGAG</em></span> in libraries <span class="emphasis"><em>libG4UIbasic.a/so</em></span> and
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| 214 | <span class="emphasis"><em>libG4UIGAG.a/so</em></span>. <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGainServer.o</em></span> is packed in
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| 215 | the <span class="emphasis"><em>libG4UIGAG</em></span>.
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| 216 | </p><p>
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| 217 | To make the libraries of <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXm</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIXaw</em></span> and
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| 218 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIWin32</em></span> , respective environment variables
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| 219 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_BUILD_XM_SESSION</strong></span>,
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| 220 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_BUILD_XAW_SESSION</strong></span> or
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| 221 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_BUILD_WIN32_SESSION</strong></span> must be set
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| 222 | explicitly.
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| 223 | </p><p>
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| 224 | However, if the environment variable <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_NONE</strong></span> is
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| 225 | set, no interface libraries are built at all.
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| 226 | </p><p>
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| 227 | Build scheme of the user interface libraries is
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| 228 | specified in "$G4INSTALL/config/G4UI_BUILD.gmk" makefile and the
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| 229 | dependencies on the external packages are specified in
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| 230 | "$G4INSTALL/config/interactivity.gmk".
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| 231 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToSetUpInter.HowToUseInter"></a>2.8.4.
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| 232 | How to Use the Interface
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| 233 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 234 | To use a given interface
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| 235 | (<code class="literal">G4UIxxx</code> where <code class="literal">xxx = terminal,Xm, Xaw, Win32,
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| 236 | GAG, GainServer</code>) in a user's program, he has the following
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| 237 | lines in his main program;
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| 238 |
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| 239 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 240 | // to include the class definition in his main program:
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| 241 | #include "G4Uixxx.hh"
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| 242 | // to instantiate a session of his choice and start the session
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| 243 | G4UIsession* session = new G4UIxxx;
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| 244 | session->SessionStart();
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| 245 | // the line next to the "SessionStart" is usually to finish the session
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| 246 | delete session;
|
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| 247 | </pre></div><p>
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| 248 | </p><p>
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| 249 | For a tcsh session, the second line must be :
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| 250 |
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| 251 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 252 | G4UIsession* session = new G4UIterminal(new G4UItcsh);
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| 253 | </pre></div><p>
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| 254 | </p><p>
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| 255 | See the examples in "examples/novice/N0x" in which the terminal session
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| 256 | is used.
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| 257 | </p><p>
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| 258 | If the user wants to deactivate the default signal handler (soft abort)
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| 259 | raised by "Ctr-C", the false flag can be set in the second argument
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| 260 | of the <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIterminal</em></span> constructor like;
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| 261 |
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| 262 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 263 | G4UIsession* session = new G4UIterminal(new G4UItcsh, false).
|
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| 264 | </pre></div><p>
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| 265 | </p><p>
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| 266 | Again, environment variable selects a given interface. But for your
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| 267 | convenience, some of them are set defaults.
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| 268 |
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| 269 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 270 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIterminal</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UItcsh</em></span>,
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| 271 | <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGAG</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>G4UIGainServer</em></span>
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| 272 | can be used without any environment
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| 273 | variables. Sessions not needing external packages or libraries are
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| 274 | always built (see "G4UI_BUILD.gmk") and linked, so the user can
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| 275 | instantiate one of these sessions without rebuilding the libraries
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| 276 | and without setting any environment variables. For backwards
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| 277 | compatibility with user code, as typified by geant4/examples main
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| 278 | programs, the C-pre-processor variables corresponding to the
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| 279 | original environment variables for the above three (i.e.,
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| 280 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_TERMINAL</strong></span>,
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| 281 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_TCSH</strong></span> and
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| 282 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_GAG</strong></span> ) are set. However,
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| 283 | if he/she sets no environment variables, then the C-pre-processor variable
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| 284 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_TERMINAL</strong></span> is set by default,
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| 285 | although there is no need to use it.
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| 286 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 287 | The environment variable <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_XM</strong></span>,
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| 288 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_XAW</strong></span> or
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| 289 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_WIN32</strong></span> must be set to use the
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| 290 | respective interface. The file "$G4INSTALL/config/interactivity.gmk"
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| 291 | resolves their dependencies on external packages.
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| 292 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 293 | If the environment variable <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_NONE</strong></span> is
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| 294 | set, no externa ibraries are selected. Also, for your convenience, if any
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| 295 | <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_USE_XXX</strong></span> environment variable is set,
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| 296 | then the corresponding C-pre-processor flag is also set. However, if the
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| 297 | environment variable <span class="bold"><strong>G4UI_NONE</strong></span> is set,
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| 298 | no C-pre-processor flags are set.
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| 299 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 300 | </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s07.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/up.gif" alt="Up"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s09.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">2.7.
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| 301 | How to Make an Executable Program
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| 302 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 2.9.
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| 303 | How to Execute a Program
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| 304 | </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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