| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>2.10. How to Visualize the Detector and Events</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../xml/XSLCustomizationLayer/G4HTMLStylesheet.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Geant4 User's Guide for Application Developers"><link rel="up" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. Getting Started with Geant4 - Running a Simple Example"><link rel="prev" href="ch02s09.html" title="2.9. How to Execute a Program"><link rel="next" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. Toolkit Fundamentals"><script language="JavaScript">
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| 2 | function remote_win(fName)
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| 3 | {
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| 4 | var url = "AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/" + fName;
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| 5 | RemoteWin=window.open(url,"","resizable=no,toolbar=0,location=0,directories=0,status=0,menubar=0,scrollbars=0,copyhistory=0,width=520,height=520")
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| 6 | RemoteWin.creator=self
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| 7 | }
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| 8 | </script></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">2.10.
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| 9 | How to Visualize the Detector and Events
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| 10 | </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s09.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2.
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| 11 | Getting Started with Geant4 - Running a Simple Example
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| 12 | </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sect.HowToVis"></a>2.10.
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| 13 | How to Visualize the Detector and Events
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| 14 | </h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.Intro"></a>2.10.1.
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| 15 | Introduction
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| 16 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 17 | This section briefly explains how to perform Geant4 Visualization.
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| 18 | The description here is based on the sample program
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| 19 | <code class="literal">examples/novice/N03</code>. More details are given in
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| 20 | <a href="ch08.html" title="Chapter 8.
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| 21 | Visualization
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| 22 | ">Chapter 8</a> "Visualization".
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| 23 | Example macro files can be found in
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| 24 | <code class="literal">examples/novice/N03/visTutor/exN03VisX.mac</code>.
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| 25 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.VisDrivers"></a>2.10.2.
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| 26 | Visualization Drivers
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| 27 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 28 | The Geant4 visualization system was developed in response to a
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| 29 | diverse set of requirements:
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| 30 |
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| 31 | </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1" compact><li><p>
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| 32 | Quick response to study geometries, trajectories and hits
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| 33 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 34 | High-quality output for publications
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| 35 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 36 | Flexible camera control to debug complex geometries
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| 37 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 38 | Tools to show volume overlap errors in detector geometries
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| 39 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 40 | Interactive picking to get more information on visualized objects
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| 41 | </p></li></ol></div><p>
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| 42 | </p><p>
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| 43 | No one graphics system is ideal for all of these requirements,
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| 44 | and many of the large software frameworks into which Geant4 has
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| 45 | been incorporated already have their own visualization systems, so
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| 46 | Geant4 visualization was designed around an abstract interface that
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| 47 | supports a diverse family of graphics systems. Some of these
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| 48 | graphics systems use a graphics library compiled with Geant4, such
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| 49 | as OpenGL, while others involve a separate application, such as
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| 50 | WIRED or DAWN.
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| 51 | </p><p>
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| 52 | You need not use all visualization drivers. You can select those
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| 53 | suitable to your purposes. In the following, for simplicity, we
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| 54 | assume that the Geant4 libraries are built (installed) with the
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| 55 | "OpenGL-Xlib driver" and the "DAWNFILE driver" incorporated.
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| 56 | </p><p>
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| 57 | In order to use the DAWNFILE driver, you need Fukui Renderer
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| 58 | DAWN, which is obtainable from the following Web site:
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| 59 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis" target="_top">
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| 60 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis</a>.
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| 61 | </p><p>
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| 62 | In order to use the the OpenGL drivers, you need the OpenGL
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| 63 | library, which is installed in many platforms by default. You also
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| 64 | need to set an environmental variable
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| 65 | <code class="literal">G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER</code> to <code class="literal">1</code> in
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| 66 | building (installing) Geant4 libraries, and also set another environmental
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| 67 | variable <code class="literal">G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX</code> to <code class="literal">1</code>
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| 68 | in compiling your Geant4 executable. You may also have to set an
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| 69 | environmental variable <code class="literal">OGLHOME</code> to the OpenGL root
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| 70 | directory. For example,
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| 71 |
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| 72 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 73 | setenv G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER 1
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| 74 | setenv G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX 1
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| 75 | setenv OGLHOME /usr/X11R6
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| 76 | </pre></div><p>
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| 77 | </p><p>
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| 78 | Some other visualization drivers depending on external libraries
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| 79 | are also required to set the similar environmental variables,
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| 80 | <code class="literal">G4VIS_BUILD_DRIVERNAME_DRIVER</code> and
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| 81 | <code class="literal">G4VIS_USE_DRIVERNAME</code>, to <code class="literal">1</code>. All
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| 82 | visualization drivers independent of external libraries, e.g. DAWNFILE and
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| 83 | VRMLFILE drivers, need not such setting. (But you must prepare a
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| 84 | proper visualization manager class and a proper <code class="literal">main()</code>
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| 85 | function, anyway. See below.)
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| 86 | </p><p>
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| 87 | For all visualization drivers available in your Geant4
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| 88 | executable, the C-pre-processor flags <code class="literal">G4VIS_USE_DRIVERNAME</code>
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| 89 | are automatically set by <code class="literal">config/G4VIS_USE.gmk</code> in
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| 90 | compilation. Similarly, for all visualization drivers incorporated
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| 91 | into the Geant4 libraries, the C-pre-processor flags
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| 92 | <code class="literal">G4VIS_BUILD_DRIVERNAME_DRIVER</code> are automatically set by
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| 93 | <code class="literal">config/G4VIS_BUILD.gmk</code> in installation.
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| 94 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.IncorpVisDrivers"></a>2.10.3.
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| 95 | How to Incorporate Visualization Drivers into an Executable
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| 96 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 97 | You can realize (use) visualization driver(s) you want in your
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| 98 | Geant4 executable. These can only be from the set installed in the
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| 99 | Geant4 libraries. You will be warned if the one you request is not
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| 100 | available.
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| 101 | </p><p>
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| 102 | In order to realize visualization drivers, you must instantiate
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| 103 | and initialize a subclass of <code class="literal">G4VisManager</code> that implements
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| 104 | the pure virtual function <code class="literal">RegisterGraphicsSystems()</code>. This
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| 105 | subclass must be compiled in the user's domain to force the loading
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| 106 | of appropriate libraries in the right order. The easiest way to do
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| 107 | this is to use <code class="literal">G4VisExecutive</code>, a provided class with
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| 108 | included implementation. <code class="literal">G4VisExecutive</code> is sensitive to
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| 109 | the <code class="literal">G4VIS_USE...</code> variables mentioned above.
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| 110 | </p><p>
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| 111 | If you do wish to write your own subclass, you may do so. You
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| 112 | will see how to do this by looking at <code class="literal">G4VisExecutive.icc</code>.
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| 113 | A typical extract is:
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| 114 |
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| 115 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 116 | ...
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| 117 | RegisterGraphicsSystem (new G4DAWNFILE);
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| 118 | ...
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| 119 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX
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| 120 | RegisterGraphicsSystem (new G4OpenGLImmediateX);
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| 121 | RegisterGraphicsSystem (new G4OpenGLStoredX);
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| 122 | #endif
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| 123 | ...
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| 124 | </pre></div><p>
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| 125 | </p><p>
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| 126 | If you wish to use <code class="literal">G4VisExecutive</code> but register an
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| 127 | additional graphics system, <code class="literal">XXX</code> say, you may do so either
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| 128 | before or after initializing:
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| 129 |
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| 130 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 131 | visManager->RegisterGraphicsSytem(new XXX);
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| 132 | visManager->Initialize();
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| 133 | </pre></div><p>
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| 134 | </p><p>
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| 135 | An example of a typical <code class="literal">main()</code> function is given
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| 136 | below.
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| 137 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.WritingMain"></a>2.10.4.
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| 138 | Writing the <code class="literal">main()</code> Method to Include Visualization
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| 139 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 140 | Now we explain how to write a visualization manager and the
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| 141 | <code class="literal">main()</code> function for Geant4 visualization. In order that
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| 142 | your Geant4 executable is able to perform visualization, you must
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| 143 | instantiate and initialize <span class="emphasis"><em>your</em></span> Visualization Manager
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| 144 | in the <code class="literal">main()</code> function. The typical
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| 145 | <code class="literal">main()</code>
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| 146 | function available for visualization is written in the following style:
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| 147 |
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| 148 | </p><div class="example"><a name="programlist_HowToVis_1"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.26.
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| 149 | The typical <code class="literal">main()</code> routine available for visualization.
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| 150 | </b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 151 | //----- C++ source codes: main() function for visualization
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| 152 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE
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| 153 | #include "G4VisExecutive.hh"
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| 154 | #endif
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| 155 |
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| 156 | .....
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| 157 |
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| 158 | int main(int argc,char** argv) {
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| 159 |
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| 160 | .....
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| 161 |
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| 162 | // Instantiation and initialization of the Visualization Manager
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| 163 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE
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| 164 | // visualization manager
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| 165 | G4VisManager* visManager = new G4VisExecutive;
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| 166 | visManager->Initialize();
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| 167 | #endif
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| 168 |
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| 169 | .....
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| 170 |
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| 171 | // Job termination
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| 172 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE
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| 173 | delete visManager;
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| 174 | #endif
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| 175 |
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| 176 | .....
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| 177 |
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| 178 | return 0;
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| 179 | }
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| 180 |
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| 181 | //----- end of C++
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| 182 | </pre></div></div><p><br class="example-break">
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| 183 | </p><p>
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| 184 | In the instantiation, initialization, and deletion of the
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| 185 | Visualization Manager, the use of the macro <code class="literal">G4VIS_USE</code> is
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| 186 | recommended. This is set unless the environment variable
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| 187 | <code class="literal">G4VIS_NONE</code> is set. This allows one easily to build an
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| 188 | executable without visualization, if required, without changing the
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| 189 | code (but remember you have to force recompilation whenever you
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| 190 | change the environment). Note that it is your responsibility to
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| 191 | delete the instantiated Visualization Manager by yourself. A
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| 192 | complete description of a sample <code class="literal">main()</code> function is
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| 193 | described in <code class="literal">examples/novice/N03/exampleN03.cc</code>.
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| 194 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.SampleVis"></a>2.10.5.
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| 195 | Sample Visualization Sessions
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| 196 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 197 | In this section we present typical sessions of Geant4
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| 198 | visualization. You can test them with the sample program
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| 199 | geant4/examples/novice/N03. Run a binary executable "exampleN03"
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| 200 | without an argument, and then execute the commands below in the
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| 201 | "Idle>" state. Explanation of each command will be described
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| 202 | later. (Note that the OpenGL-Xlib driver and the DAWNFILE driver
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| 203 | are incorporated into the executable, and that Fukui Renderer DAWN
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| 204 | is installed in your machine. )
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| 205 | </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.SampleVis.VisDetector"></a>2.10.5.1.
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| 206 | Visualization of detector components
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| 207 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 208 | The following session visualizes detector components with the
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| 209 | OpenGL-Xlib driver and then with the DAWNFILE driver. The former
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| 210 | exhibits minimal visualization commands to visualize detector
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| 211 | geometry, while the latter exhibits customized visualization
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| 212 | (visualization of a selected physical volume, coordinate axes,
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| 213 | texts, etc).
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| 214 |
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| 215 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 216 | ###################################################
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| 217 | # vis1.mac:
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| 218 | # A Sample macro to demonstrate visualization
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| 219 | # of detector geometry.
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| 220 | #
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| 221 | # USAGE:
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| 222 | # Save the commands below as a macro file, say,
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| 223 | # "vis1.mac", and execute it as follows:
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| 224 | #
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| 225 | # % $(G4BINDIR)/exampleN03
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| 226 | # Idle> /control/execute vis1.mac
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| 227 | #############################################
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| 228 |
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| 229 | #############################################
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| 230 | # Visualization of detector geometry
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| 231 | # with the OGLIX (OpenGL Immediate X) driver
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| 232 | #############################################
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| 233 |
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| 234 | # Invoke the OGLIX driver:
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| 235 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the OGLIX driver
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| 236 | /vis/open OGLIX
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| 237 |
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| 238 | # Visualize the whole detector geometry
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| 239 | # with the default camera parameters.
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| 240 | # Command "/vis/drawVolume" visualizes the detector geometry,
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| 241 | # and command "/vis/viewer/flush" declares the end of visualization.
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| 242 | # (The command /vis/viewer/flush can be omitted for the OGLIX
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| 243 | # and OGLSX drivers.)
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| 244 | # The default argument of "/vis/drawVolume" is "world".
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| 245 | /vis/drawVolume
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| 246 | /vis/viewer/flush
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| 247 |
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| 248 | #########################################
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| 249 | # Visualization with the DAWNFILE driver
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| 250 | #########################################
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| 251 |
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| 252 | # Invoke the DAWNFILE driver
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| 253 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the DAWNFILE driver
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| 254 | /vis/open DAWNFILE
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| 255 |
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| 256 | # Bird's-eye view of a detector component (Absorber)
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| 257 | # drawing style: hidden-surface removal
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| 258 | # viewpoint : (theta,phi) = (35*deg, 45*deg),
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| 259 | # zoom factor: 1.1 of the full screen size
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| 260 | # coordinate axes:
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| 261 | # x-axis:red, y-axis:green, z-axis:blue
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| 262 | # origin: (0,0,0), length: 500 mm
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| 263 | #
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| 264 | /vis/viewer/reset
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| 265 | /vis/viewer/set/style surface
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| 266 | /vis/viewer/zoom 1.1
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| 267 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 35 45
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| 268 | /vis/drawVolume Absorber
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| 269 | /vis/scene/add/axes 0 0 0 500 mm
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| 270 | /vis/scene/add/text 0 0 0 mm 40 -100 -140 Absorber
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| 271 | /vis/viewer/flush
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| 272 |
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| 273 | # Bird's-eye view of the whole detector components
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| 274 | # * "/vis/viewer/set/culling global false" makes the invisible
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| 275 | # world volume visible.
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| 276 | # (The invisibility of the world volume is set
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| 277 | # in ExN03DetectorConstruction.cc.)
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| 278 | /vis/viewer/set/style wireframe
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| 279 | /vis/viewer/set/culling global false
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| 280 | /vis/drawVolume
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| 281 | /vis/scene/add/axes 0 0 0 500 mm
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| 282 | /vis/scene/add/text 0 0 0 mm 50 -50 -200 world
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| 283 | /vis/viewer/flush
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| 284 | ################### END of vis1.mac ###################
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| 285 | </pre></div><p>
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| 286 | </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.SampleVis.VisEvents"></a>2.10.5.2.
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| 287 | Visualization of events
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| 288 | </h4></div></div></div><p>
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| 289 | The following session visualizes events (tajectories) with the
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| 290 | OpenGL-Xlib driver and then with the DAWNFILE driver. The former
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| 291 | exhibits minimal visualization commands to visualize events, while
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| 292 | the latter exhibits customized visualization. Note that the run
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| 293 | action and event action classes should be described properly. (See,
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| 294 | for example, the following classes:
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| 295 | "examples/novice/N03/src/ExN03RunAction.cc",
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| 296 |
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| 297 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 298 | ###################################################
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| 299 | # vis2.mac:
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| 300 | # A Sample macro to demonstrate visualization
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| 301 | # of events (trajectories).
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| 302 | #
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| 303 | # USAGE:
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| 304 | # Save the commands below as a macro file, say,
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| 305 | # "vis2.mac", and execute it as follows:
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| 306 | #
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| 307 | # % $(G4BINDIR)/exampleN03
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| 308 | # Idle> /control/execute vis1.mac
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| 309 | #############################################
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| 310 |
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| 311 | #####################################################
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| 312 | # Store particle trajectories for visualization
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| 313 | /tracking/storeTrajectory 1
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| 314 | #####################################################
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| 315 |
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| 316 | ########################################################
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| 317 | # Visualization with the OGLSX (OpenGL Stored X) driver
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| 318 | ########################################################
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| 319 |
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| 320 | # Invoke the OGLSX driver
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| 321 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the OGLSX driver
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| 322 | /vis/open OGLSX
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| 323 |
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| 324 | # Create an empty scene and add detector components to it
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| 325 | /vis/drawVolume
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| 326 |
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| 327 | # Add trajectories to the current scene
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| 328 | # Note: This command is not necessary in, e.g.,
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| 329 | # examples/novice/N03, since the C++ method DrawTrajectory()
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| 330 | # is described in the event action.
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| 331 | #/vis/scene/add/trajectories
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| 332 |
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| 333 | # Set viewing parameters
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| 334 | /vis/viewer/reset
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| 335 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 10 20
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| 336 |
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| 337 | # Visualize one it.
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| 338 | /run/beamOn 1
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| 339 |
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| 340 | ##########################################################
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| 341 | # Visualization with the DAWNFILE driver
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| 342 | ##########################################################
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| 343 |
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| 344 | # Invoke the DAWNFILE driver
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| 345 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the DAWNFILE driver
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| 346 | /vis/open DAWNFILE
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| 347 |
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| 348 | # Create an empty scene and add detector components to it
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| 349 | /vis/drawVolume
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| 350 |
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| 351 | # Add trajectories to the current scene
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| 352 | # Note: This command is not necessary in exampleN03,
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| 353 | # since the C++ method DrawTrajectory() is
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| 354 | # described in the event action.
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| 355 | #/vis/scene/add/trajectories
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| 356 |
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| 357 | # Visualize plural events (bird's eye view)
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| 358 | # drawing style: wireframe
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| 359 | # viewpoint : (theta,phi) = (45*deg, 45*deg)
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| 360 | # zoom factor: 1.5 x (full screen size)
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| 361 | /vis/viewer/reset
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| 362 | /vis/viewer/set/style wireframe
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| 363 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 45 45
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| 364 | /vis/viewer/zoom 1.5
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| 365 | /run/beamOn 2
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| 366 |
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| 367 | # Set the drawing style to "surface"
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| 368 | # Candidates: wireframe, surface
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| 369 | /vis/viewer/set/style surface
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| 370 |
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| 371 | # Visualize plural events (bird's eye view) again
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| 372 | # with another drawing style (surface)
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| 373 | /run/beamOn 2
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| 374 |
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| 375 | ################### END of vis2.mac ###################
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| 376 | </pre></div><p>
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| 377 | </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.HowToVis.MoreInfo"></a>2.10.6.
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| 378 | For More Information on Geant4 Visualization
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| 379 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 380 | See the <a href="ch08.html" title="Chapter 8.
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| 381 | Visualization
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| 382 | ">Chapter 8</a> "Visualization"
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| 383 | part of this user guide.
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| 384 | </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s09.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/up.gif" alt="Up"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">2.9.
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| 385 | How to Execute a Program
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| 386 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 3.
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| 387 | Toolkit Fundamentals
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| 388 | </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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