| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 8. Visualization</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../xml/XSLCustomizationLayer/G4HTMLStylesheet.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Geant4 User's Guide for Application Developers"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Geant4 User's Guide for Application Developers"><link rel="prev" href="ch07s02.html" title="7.2. User Interface - Defining New Commands"><link rel="next" href="ch08s02.html" title="8.2. Adding Visualization to Your Executable"><script language="JavaScript">
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| 2 | function remote_win(fName)
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| 3 | {
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| 4 | var url = "AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/" + fName;
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| 5 | RemoteWin=window.open(url,"","resizable=no,toolbar=0,location=0,directories=0,status=0,menubar=0,scrollbars=0,copyhistory=0,width=520,height=520")
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| 6 | RemoteWin.creator=self
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| 7 | }
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| 8 | </script></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 8.
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| 9 | Visualization
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| 10 | </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch07s02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="chap.Visualization"></a>Chapter 8.
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| 11 | Visualization
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| 12 | </h2></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sect.VisIntro"></a>8.1.
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| 13 | Introduction to Visualization
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| 14 | </h2></div></div></div><p>
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| 15 | The Geant4 visualization system was developed in response to a
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| 16 | diverse set of requirements:
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| 17 |
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| 18 | </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1" compact><li><p>
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| 19 | Quick response to study geometries, trajectories and hits
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| 20 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 21 | High-quality output for publications
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| 22 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 23 | Flexible camera control to debug complex geometries
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| 24 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 25 | Tools to show volume overlap errors in detector geometries
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| 26 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 27 | Interactive picking to get more information on visualized objects
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| 28 | </p></li></ol></div><p>
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| 29 | </p><p>
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| 30 | No one graphics system is ideal for all of these requirements,
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| 31 | and many of the large software frameworks into which Geant4 has
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| 32 | been incorporated already have their own visualization systems, so
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| 33 | Geant4 visualization was designed around an abstract interface that
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| 34 | supports a diverse family of graphics systems. Some of these
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| 35 | graphics systems use a graphics library compiled with Geant4, such
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| 36 | as OpenGL, while others involve a separate application, such as
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| 37 | WIRED or DAWN.
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| 38 | </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisIntro.What"></a>8.1.1.
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| 39 | What Can be Visualized
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| 40 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 41 | Simulation data can be visualized:
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| 42 |
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| 43 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 44 | Detector components
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| 45 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 46 | A hierarchical structure of physical volumes
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| 47 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 48 | A piece of physical volume, logical volume, and solid
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| 49 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 50 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 51 | Particle trajectories and tracking steps
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| 52 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 53 | Hits of particles in detector components
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| 54 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 55 | </p><p>
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| 56 | Other user defined objects can be visualized:
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| 57 |
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| 58 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 59 | Polylines, such as coordinate axes
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| 60 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 61 | 3D Markers, such as eye guides
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| 62 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 63 | Text, descriptive character strings, comments or titles
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| 64 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 65 | Scales
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| 66 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 67 | Logos
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| 68 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 69 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisIntro.Choice"></a>8.1.2.
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| 70 | You have a Choice of Visualization Drivers
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| 71 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 72 | The many graphics systems that Geant4 supports are complementary to
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| 73 | each other.
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| 74 |
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| 75 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 76 | OpenGL
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| 77 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 78 | View directly from Geant4
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| 79 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 80 | Uses GL libraries that are already included on most Linux
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| 81 | systems (plus some Windows availability)
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| 82 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 83 | Rendered, photorealistic image with some interactive features
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| 84 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 85 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 86 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 87 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 88 | hardware)
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| 89 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 90 | Limited printing ability (pixel graphics, not vector graphics)
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| 91 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 92 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 93 | OpenInventor
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| 94 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 95 | View directly from Geant4
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| 96 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 97 | Requires addition of OpenInventor libraries (freely available
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| 98 | for most Linux systems).
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| 99 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 100 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 101 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 102 | Many interactive features
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| 103 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 104 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 105 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 106 | click to "see inside" opaque
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| 107 | volumes
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| 108 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 109 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 110 | hardware)
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| 111 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 112 | Expanded printing ability (vector and pixel graphics)
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| 113 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 114 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 115 | HepRep/WIRED
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| 116 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 117 | Create a file to view in the WIRED3 HepRep Browser or the
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| 118 | WIRED4 JAS Plugin
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| 119 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 120 | Requires WIRED browser (a Java application easily to install on
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| 121 | all operating systems)
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| 122 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 123 | Wireframe or simple area fills (not photorealistic)
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| 124 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 125 | Many interactive features
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| 126 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 127 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 128 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 129 | click to show attributes (momentum, etc.)
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| 130 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 131 | special projections (FishEye, etc.)
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| 132 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 133 | control visibility from hierarchical (tree) view of data
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| 134 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 135 | Hierarchical view of the geometry
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| 136 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 137 | Export to many vector graphic formats (PostScript, PDF, etc.)
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| 138 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 139 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 140 | DAWN
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| 141 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 142 | Create a file to view in the DAWN Renderer
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| 143 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 144 | Requires DAWN, available for all Linux and Windows systems.
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| 145 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 146 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 147 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 148 | No interactive features
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| 149 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 150 | Highest quality technical rendering - output to vector PostScript
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| 151 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 152 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 153 | VRML
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| 154 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 155 | Create a file to view in any VRML browser (some as web browser
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| 156 | plug-ins).
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| 157 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 158 | Requires VRML browser (many different choices for different
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| 159 | operating systems).
|
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| 160 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 161 | Rendered, photorealistic image with some interactive features
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| 162 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 163 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 164 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 165 | Limited printing ability (pixel graphics, not vector graphics)
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| 166 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 167 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 168 | RayTracer
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| 169 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 170 | Create a jpeg file
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| 171 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 172 | Forms image by using Geant4's own tracking
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| 173 | to follow photons through the detector
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| 174 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 175 | Can show geometry but not trajectories
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| 176 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 177 | Can render any geometry that Geant4 can handle (such as Boolean
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| 178 | solids)
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| 179 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 180 | Supports shadows, transparency and mirrored surfaces
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| 181 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 182 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 183 | ASCIITree
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| 184 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 185 | Text dump of the geometry hierarchy
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| 186 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 187 | Not graphical
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| 188 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 189 | Control over level of detail to be dumped
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| 190 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 191 | Can calculate mass and volume of any hierarchy of volumes
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| 192 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 193 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 194 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisIntro.ChoDrv"></a>8.1.3.
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| 195 | Choose the Driver that Meets Your Needs
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| 196 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 197 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 198 | If you want very responsive photorealistic graphics (and have
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| 199 | the OpenGL libraries installed)
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| 200 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 201 | OpenGL is a good solution (if you have the Motif extensions,
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| 202 | this also gives GUI control)
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| 203 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 204 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 205 | If you want very responsive photorealistic graphics plus more
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| 206 | interactivity (and have the OpenInventor libraries installed)
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| 207 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
|
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| 208 | OpenInventor is a good solution
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| 209 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 210 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 211 | If you want GUI control, want to be able to pick on items to
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| 212 | inquire about them (identity, momentum, etc.), perhaps want to
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| 213 | render to vector formats, and a wireframe look will do
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| 214 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 215 | HepRep/WIRED will meet your needs
|
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| 216 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 217 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 218 | If you want to render highest quality photorealistic images for
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| 219 | use in a poster or a technical design report, and you can live
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| 220 | without quick rotate and zoom
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| 221 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 222 | DAWN is the way to go
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| 223 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 224 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 225 | If you want to render to a 3D format that others can view in a
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| 226 | variety of commodity browsers (including some web browser plug-ins)
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| 227 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 228 | VRML is the way to go
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| 229 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 230 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 231 |
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| 232 |
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| 233 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
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| 234 | If you want to visualize a geometry that the other
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| 235 | visualization drivers can't handle, or you need
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| 236 | transparency or mirrors, and you don't need to
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| 237 | visualize trajectories
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| 238 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 239 | RayTracer will do it
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| 240 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 241 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 242 | If you just want to quickly check the geometry hierarchy, or if
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| 243 | you want to calculate the volume or mass of any geometry hierarchy
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| 244 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 245 | ASCIITree will meet your needs
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| 246 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 247 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 248 | You can also add your own visualization driver.
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| 249 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 250 | Geant4's visualization system is modular. By
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| 251 | creating just three new classes, you can direct Geant4 information
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| 252 | to your own visualization system.
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| 253 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 254 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 255 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisIntro.CntVis"></a>8.1.4.
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| 256 | Controlling Visualization
|
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| 257 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 258 | Your Geant4 code stays basically the same no matter which driver
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| 259 | you use.
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| 260 | </p><p>
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| 261 | Visualization is performed either with commands or from C++ code.
|
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| 262 |
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| 263 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 264 | Some visualization drivers work directly from Geant4
|
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| 265 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
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| 266 | OpenGL
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| 267 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 268 | OpenInventor
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| 269 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 270 | RayTracer
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| 271 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 272 | ASCIITree
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| 273 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 274 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 275 | For other visualization drivers, you first have Geant4 produce
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| 276 | a file, and then you have that file rendered by another application
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| 277 | (which may have GUI control)
|
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| 278 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle" compact><li><p>
|
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| 279 | HepRep/WIRED
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| 280 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 281 | DAWN
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| 282 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 283 | VRML
|
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| 284 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 285 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 286 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisIntro.Details"></a>8.1.5.
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| 287 | Visualization Details
|
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| 288 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
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| 289 | The following sections of this guide cover the details of Geant4
|
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| 290 | visualization:
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| 291 |
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| 292 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
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| 293 | <a href="ch08s02.html" title="8.2.
|
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| 294 | Adding Visualization to Your Executable
|
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| 295 | ">Section 8.2</a>
|
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| 296 | Adding Visualization to Your Executable
|
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| 297 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 298 | <a href="ch08s03.html" title="8.3.
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| 299 | The Visualization Drivers
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| 300 | ">Section 8.3</a>
|
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| 301 | The Visualization Drivers
|
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| 302 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 303 | <a href="ch08s04.html" title="8.4.
|
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| 304 | Controlling Visualization from Commands
|
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| 305 | ">Section 8.4</a>
|
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| 306 | Controlling Visualization from Commands
|
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| 307 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 308 | <a href="ch08s05.html" title="8.5.
|
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| 309 | Controlling Visualization from Compiled Code
|
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| 310 | ">Section 8.5</a>
|
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| 311 | Controlling Visualization from Compiled Code
|
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| 312 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 313 | <a href="ch08s06.html" title="8.6.
|
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| 314 | Visualization Attributes
|
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| 315 | ">Section 8.6</a>
|
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| 316 | Visualization Attributes
|
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| 317 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 318 | <a href="ch08s07.html" title="8.7.
|
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| 319 | Enhanced Trajectory Drawing
|
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| 320 | ">Section 8.7</a>
|
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| 321 | Enhanced Trajectory Drawing
|
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| 322 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 323 | <a href="ch08s09.html" title="8.9.
|
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| 324 | Polylines, Markers and Text
|
|---|
| 325 | ">Section 8.9</a>
|
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| 326 | Polylines, Markers and Text
|
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| 327 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 328 | </p><p>
|
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| 329 | Other useful references for Geant4 visualization outside of this
|
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| 330 | user guide:
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| 331 |
|
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| 332 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
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| 333 | Introduction to Geant4 Visualization (
|
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| 334 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisTutorial.pdf" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 335 | pdf</a>,
|
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| 336 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisTutorial.ppt" target="_top">
|
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| 337 | ppt</a> )
|
|---|
| 338 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 339 | Status of Geant4 Visualization (giving current status and a
|
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| 340 | summary of what has been improved over the last few releases) (
|
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| 341 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisStatus.pdf" target="_top">
|
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| 342 | pdf</a>,
|
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| 343 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisStatus.ppt" target="_top">
|
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| 344 | ppt</a> )
|
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| 345 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 346 | Macro files distributed in Geant4 source in
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| 347 | <code class="literal">examples/novice/N03/visTutor/</code>.
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| 348 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 349 | </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch07s02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">7.2.
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| 350 | User Interface - Defining New Commands
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| 351 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 8.2.
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| 352 | Adding Visualization to Your Executable
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| 353 | </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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