| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>8.3. The Visualization Drivers</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../xml/XSLCustomizationLayer/G4HTMLStylesheet.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Geant4 User's Guide for Application Developers"><link rel="up" href="ch08.html" title="Chapter 8. Visualization"><link rel="prev" href="ch08s02.html" title="8.2. Adding Visualization to Your Executable"><link rel="next" href="ch08s04.html" title="8.4. Controlling Visualization from Commands"><script language="JavaScript">
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| 8 | </script></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">8.3.
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| 9 | The Visualization Drivers
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| 10 | </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8.
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| 11 | Visualization
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| 12 | </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s04.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sect.VisDrv"></a>8.3.
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| 13 | The Visualization Drivers
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| 14 | </h2></div></div></div><p>
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| 15 | As explained in the
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| 16 |
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| 17 | Introduction to Visualization
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| 18 |
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| 19 | , Geant4 provides many different choices of
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| 20 | visualization systems. Features and notes on each driver are
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| 21 | briefly described here along with links to detailed web pages for
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| 22 | the various drivers.
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| 23 | </p><p>
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| 24 | Details are given below for:
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| 25 |
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| 26 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 27 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.OpenGL" title="8.3.2.
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| 28 | OpenGL
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| 29 | ">Section 8.3.2</a>
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| 30 | OpenGL
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| 31 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 32 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.OpenInv" title="8.3.3.
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| 33 | OpenInventor
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| 34 | ">Section 8.3.3</a>
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| 35 | OpenInventor
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| 36 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 37 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.HepRep" title="8.3.4.
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| 38 | HepRepFile
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| 39 | ">Section 8.3.4</a>
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| 40 | HepRepFile
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| 41 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 42 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.HepRepXML" title="8.3.5.
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| 43 | HepRepXML
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| 44 | ">Section 8.3.5</a>
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| 45 | HepRepXML
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| 46 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 47 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.DAWN" title="8.3.6.
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| 48 | DAWN
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| 49 | ">Section 8.3.6</a>
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| 50 | DAWN
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| 51 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 52 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.VRML" title="8.3.8.
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| 53 | VRML
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| 54 | ">Section 8.3.8</a>
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| 55 | VRML
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| 56 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 57 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.RayTrc" title="8.3.9.
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| 58 | RayTracer
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| 59 | ">Section 8.3.9</a>
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| 60 | RayTracer
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| 61 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 62 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.DetTree" title="8.3.10.
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| 63 | Visualization of detector geometry tree
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| 64 | ">Section 8.3.10</a>
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| 65 | ASCIITree
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| 66 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 67 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.GAGTree" title="8.3.11.
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| 68 | GAG Tree
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| 69 | ">Section 8.3.11</a>
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| 70 | GAGTree
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| 71 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 72 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.XMLTree" title="8.3.12.
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| 73 | XML Tree
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| 74 | ">Section 8.3.12</a>
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| 75 | XMLTree
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| 76 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 77 | <a href="ch08s03.html#sect.VisDrv.Qt" title="8.3.13.
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| 78 | XML Tree
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| 79 | ">Section 8.3.13</a>
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| 80 | Qt
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| 81 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 82 | </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.Avail"></a>8.3.1.
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| 83 | Availability of drivers on the supported systems
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| 84 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 85 | <a href="ch08s03.html#table.VisDrv_1" title="Table 8.1.
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| 86 | Required graphics systems and supported platforms for the various
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| 87 | visualization drivers.
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| 88 | ">Table 8.1</a> lists required graphics systems
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| 89 | and supported platforms for the various visualization drivers
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| 90 |
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| 91 | </p><div class="table"><a name="table.VisDrv_1"></a><div class="table-contents"><table summary="
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| 92 | Required graphics systems and supported platforms for the various
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| 93 | visualization drivers.
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| 94 | " border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
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| 95 | <span class="bold"><strong>Driver</strong></span>
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| 96 | </td><td>
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| 97 | <span class="bold"><strong>Required Graphics System</strong></span>
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| 98 | </td><td>
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| 99 | <span class="bold"><strong>Platform</strong></span>
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| 100 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 101 | OpenGL-Xlib
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| 102 | </td><td>
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| 103 | OpenGL
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| 104 | </td><td>
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| 105 | Linux, Unix, Mac with Xlib
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| 106 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 107 | OpenGL-Motif
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| 108 | </td><td>
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| 109 | OpenGL
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| 110 | </td><td>
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| 111 | Linux, UNIX, Mac with Motif
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| 112 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 113 | OpenGL-Win32
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| 114 | </td><td>
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| 115 | OpenGL
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| 116 | </td><td>
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| 117 | Windows
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| 118 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 119 | Qt
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| 120 | </td><td>
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| 121 | OpenGL, Qt
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| 122 | </td><td>
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| 123 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows with Qt
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| 124 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 125 | OpenInventor-X
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| 126 | </td><td>
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| 127 | OpenInventor, OpenGL
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| 128 | </td><td>
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| 129 | Linux, UNIX, Mac with Xlib or Motif
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| 130 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 131 | OpenInventor-Win32
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| 132 | </td><td>
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| 133 | OpenInventor, OpenGL
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| 134 | </td><td>
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| 135 | Windows
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| 136 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 137 | HepRep
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| 138 | </td><td>
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| 139 | WIRED or FRED HepRep Browser
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| 140 | </td><td>
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| 141 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows
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| 142 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 143 | DAWNFILE
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| 144 | </td><td>
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| 145 | Fukui Renderer DAWN
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| 146 | </td><td>
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| 147 | Linux, Unix, Mac, Windows
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| 148 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 149 | DAWN-Network
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| 150 | </td><td>
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| 151 | Fukui Renderer DAWN
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| 152 | </td><td>
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| 153 | Linux, UNIX
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| 154 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 155 | VRMLFILE
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| 156 | </td><td>
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| 157 | any VRML viewer
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| 158 | </td><td>
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| 159 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows
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| 160 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 161 | VRML-Network
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| 162 | </td><td>
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| 163 | any network-enabled VRML viewer
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| 164 | </td><td>
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| 165 | Linux, UNIX
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| 166 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 167 | RayTracer
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| 168 | </td><td>
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| 169 | any JPEG viewer
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| 170 | </td><td>
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| 171 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows
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| 172 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 173 | ASCIITree
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| 174 | </td><td>
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| 175 | none
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| 176 | </td><td>
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| 177 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows
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| 178 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 179 | GAGTree
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| 180 | </td><td>
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| 181 | GAG
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| 182 | </td><td>
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| 183 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows
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| 184 | </td></tr><tr><td>
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| 185 | XMLTree
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| 186 | </td><td>
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| 187 | any XML viewer
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| 188 | </td><td>
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| 189 | Linux, UNIX, Mac, Windows
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| 190 | </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="title"><b>Table 8.1.
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| 191 | Required graphics systems and supported platforms for the various
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| 192 | visualization drivers.
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| 193 | </b></p></div><p><br class="table-break">
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| 194 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.OpenGL"></a>8.3.2.
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| 195 | OpenGL
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| 196 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 197 | These drivers have been developed by John Allison and Andrew
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| 198 | Walkden (University of Manchester). It is an interface to the de
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| 199 | facto standard 3D graphics library, OpenGL. It is well suited for
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| 200 | real-time fast visualization and demonstration. Fast visualization
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| 201 | is realized with hardware acceleration, reuse of shapes stored in a
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| 202 | display list, etc. NURBS visualization is also supported.
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| 203 | </p><p>
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| 204 | Several versions of the OpenGL drivers are prepared. Versions
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| 205 | for Xlib, Motif and Win32 platforms are available by default. For
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| 206 | each version, there are two modes: immediate mode and stored mode.
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| 207 | The former has no limitation on data size, and the latter is fast
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| 208 | for visualizing large data repetitively, and so is suitable for
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| 209 | animation.
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| 210 | </p><p>
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| 211 | If you don't have Motif, all control is done from Geant4
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| 212 | commands:
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| 213 |
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| 214 |
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| 215 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 216 | /vis/open OGLIX
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| 217 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 70 20
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| 218 | /vis/viewer/zoom 2
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| 219 | etc.
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| 220 | </pre></div><p>
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| 221 | </p><p>
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| 222 | But if you have Motif libraries, you can control Geant4 from Motif
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| 223 | widgets:
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| 224 |
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| 225 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
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| 226 | /vis/open OGLIXm
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| 227 | </pre></div><p>
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| 228 | </p><p>
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| 229 | The OpenGL driver added Smooth shading and Transparency since
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| 230 | Geant4 release 8.0.
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| 231 | </p><p>
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| 232 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information (OpenGL and Mesa):</strong></span>
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| 233 |
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| 234 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 235 | <a href="http://www.opengl.org/" target="_top">
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| 236 | http://www.opengl.org/
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| 237 | </a>
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| 238 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 239 | <a href="http://www.mesa3d.org" target="_top">
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| 240 | http://www.mesa3d.org
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| 241 | </a>
|
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| 242 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 243 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4OpenGLTutorial/G4OpenGLTutorial.html" target="_top">
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| 244 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial
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| 245 | </a>
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| 246 | using the OpenGL Graphics System
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| 247 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 248 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.OpenInv"></a>8.3.3.
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| 249 | OpenInventor
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| 250 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 251 | These drivers were developed by Jeff Kallenbach (FNAL) and Guy
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| 252 | Barrand (IN2P3) based on the
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| 253 | <a href="http://www-pat.fnal.gov/graphics/HEPVis/www" target="_top">
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| 254 | Hepvis class library
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| 255 | </a>
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| 256 | originated by Joe Boudreau (Pittsburgh University). The
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| 257 | OpenInventor drivers and the Hepvis class library are based on the
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| 258 | well-established OpenInventor technology for scientific
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| 259 | visualization. They have high extendibility. They support high
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| 260 | interactivity, e.g., attribute e diting of picked objects. Some
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| 261 | OpenInventor viewers support "stereoscopic" effects.
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| 262 | </p><p>
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| 263 | It is also possible to save a visualized 3D scene as an
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| 264 | OpenInventor-formatted file, and re-visualize the scene
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| 265 | afterwards.
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| 266 | </p><p>
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| 267 | Because it is connected directly to the Geant4 kernel, using
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| 268 | same language as that kernel (C++), OpenInventor systems can have
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| 269 | direct access to Geant4 data (geometry, trajectories, etc.).
|
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| 270 | </p><p>
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| 271 | Because OpenInventor uses OpenGL for rendering, it supports
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| 272 | lighting and transparency.
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| 273 | </p><p>
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| 274 | OpenInventor provides thumbwheel control to rotate and zoom.
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| 275 | </p><p>
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| 276 | OpenInventor supports picking to ask about data. [Control
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| 277 | Clicking] on a volume turns on rendering of that volume's
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| 278 | daughters. [Shift Clicking] a daughter turns that rendering off: If
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| 279 | modeling opaque solid, effect is like opening a box to look
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| 280 | inside.
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| 281 | </p><p>
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| 282 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information (HEPVis and OpenScientist):</strong></span>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 285 | Geant4 Inventor Visualization with OpenScientist
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| 286 | <a href="http://openscientist.lal.in2p3.fr/v15r0/html/osc_g4_vis_ui.html" target="_top">
|
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| 287 | http://openscientist.lal.in2p3.fr/v15r0/html/osc_g4_vis_ui.html
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| 288 | </a>
|
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| 289 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 290 | Overall OpenScientist Home
|
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| 291 | <a href="http://openscientist.lal.in2p3.fr/v15r0/html/osc_g4_vis_ui.html" target="_top">
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| 292 | http://openscientist.lal.in2p3.fr/v15r0/html/osc_g4_vis_ui.html
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| 293 | </a>
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| 294 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 295 | HEPVis
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| 296 | <a href="http://www-pat.fnal.gov/graphics/HEPVis/www" target="_top">
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| 297 | http://www-pat.fnal.gov/graphics/HEPVis/www
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| 298 | </a>
|
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| 299 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
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| 300 | </p><p>
|
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| 301 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information (OpenInventor):</strong></span>
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| 302 |
|
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| 303 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
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| 304 | <a href="http://oss.sgi.com/projects/inventor" target="_top">
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| 305 | http://oss.sgi.com/projects/inventor
|
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| 306 | </a>
|
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| 307 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 308 | Josie Wernecke, "The Inventor Mentor", Addison Wesley
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| 309 | (ISBN 0-201-62495-8)
|
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| 310 | </p></li><li><p>
|
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| 311 | Josie Wernecke, "The Inventor Toolmaker", Addison Wesley
|
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| 312 | (ISBN 0-201-62493-1)
|
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| 313 | </p></li><li><p>
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| 314 | "The Open Inventor C++ Reference Manual", Addison Wesley
|
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| 315 | (ISBN 0-201-62491-5)
|
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| 316 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
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| 317 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.HepRep"></a>8.3.4.
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| 318 | HepRepFile
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| 319 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 320 | The HepRepFile driver creates a HepRep XML file in the HepRep1
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| 321 | format suitable for viewing with the
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| 322 | <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Computing/Graphics/Wired/" target="_top">
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| 323 | WIRED3</a> HepRep Browser.
|
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| 324 | </p><p>
|
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| 325 | The HepRep graphics format is further described at
|
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| 326 | <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~perl/heprep" target="_top">
|
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| 327 | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~perl/heprep
|
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| 328 | </a>
|
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| 329 | .
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| 330 | </p><p>
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| 331 | To write just the detector geometry to this file, use the
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| 332 | command:
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| 333 |
|
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| 334 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
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| 335 | /vis/viewer/flush
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| 336 | </pre></div><p>
|
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| 337 | </p><p>
|
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| 338 | Or, to also include trajectories and hits (after the appropriate
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| 339 | /vis/viewer/add/trajectories or /vis/viewer/add/hits commands),
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| 340 | just issue:
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| 341 |
|
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| 342 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
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| 343 | /run/beamOn 1
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| 344 | </pre></div><p>
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| 345 | </p><p>
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| 346 | HepRepFile will write a file called G4Data0.heprep to the
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| 347 | current directory. Each subsequent file will have a file name like
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| 348 | G4Data1.heprep, G4Data2.heprep, etc.
|
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| 349 | </p><p>
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| 350 | View the file using the WIRED3 HepRep Browser, available from:
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| 351 | </p><p>
|
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| 352 | <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Computing/Graphics/Wired/" target="_top">
|
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| 353 | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Computing/Graphics/Wired/
|
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| 354 | </a>
|
|---|
| 355 | .
|
|---|
| 356 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 357 | WIRED3 allows you to pick on volumes, trajectories and hits to
|
|---|
| 358 | find out their associated HepRep Attributes, such as volume name,
|
|---|
| 359 | particle ID, momentum, etc. These same attributes can be displayed
|
|---|
| 360 | as labels on the relevant objects, and you can make visibility cuts
|
|---|
| 361 | based on these attributes ("show me only the photons", or "omit any
|
|---|
| 362 | volumes made of iron").
|
|---|
| 363 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 364 | WIRED3 can read heprep files in zipped format as well as
|
|---|
| 365 | unzipped, so you can save space by applying gzip to the heprep
|
|---|
| 366 | file. This will reduce the file to about five percent of its
|
|---|
| 367 | original size.
|
|---|
| 368 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 369 | Several environment variables are available to override some of
|
|---|
| 370 | HepRepFile's defaults
|
|---|
| 371 |
|
|---|
| 372 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 373 | You can specify a different directory for the heprep output
|
|---|
| 374 | files by setting the environment variable G4HEPREPFILE_DIR, as in:
|
|---|
| 375 |
|
|---|
| 376 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 377 | export G4HEPREPFILE_DIR=someOtherDir/someOtherSubDir
|
|---|
| 378 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 379 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 380 | You can specify a different file name (the part before the
|
|---|
| 381 | number) by setting the environment variable G4HEPREPFILE_NAME, as in:
|
|---|
| 382 |
|
|---|
| 383 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 384 | export G4HEPREPFILE_NAME=myFileName
|
|---|
| 385 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 386 |
|
|---|
| 387 | which will produce files named myFileName0.heprep,
|
|---|
| 388 | myFileName1.heprep, etc.
|
|---|
| 389 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 390 | You can specify that each file should overwrite the previous
|
|---|
| 391 | file (always rewriting to the same file name) by setting the
|
|---|
| 392 | environment variable G4HEPREPFILE_OVERWRITE, as in:
|
|---|
| 393 |
|
|---|
| 394 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 395 | export G4HEPREPFILE_OVERWRITE=1
|
|---|
| 396 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 397 |
|
|---|
| 398 | This may be useful in some automated applications where you always
|
|---|
| 399 | want to see the latest output file in the same location.
|
|---|
| 400 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 401 |
|
|---|
| 402 |
|
|---|
| 403 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
|
|---|
| 404 | Geant4 visualization supports a concept called "culling", by
|
|---|
| 405 | which certain parts of the detector can be made invisible. Since
|
|---|
| 406 | you may want to control visibility from the HepRep browser, turning
|
|---|
| 407 | on visibility of detector parts that had defaulted to be invisible,
|
|---|
| 408 | the HepRepFile driver does not omit these invisible detector parts
|
|---|
| 409 | from the HepRep file. But for very large files, if you know that
|
|---|
| 410 | you will never want to make these parts visible, you can choose to
|
|---|
| 411 | have them left entirely out of the file. Set the environment
|
|---|
| 412 | variable G4HEPREPFILE_CULL, as in:
|
|---|
| 413 |
|
|---|
| 414 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 415 | export G4HEPREPFILE_CULL=1
|
|---|
| 416 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 417 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 418 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 419 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information:</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 420 |
|
|---|
| 421 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 422 | WIRED3 Users Home Page:
|
|---|
| 423 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 424 | <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Computing/Graphics/Wired/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 425 | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Computing/Graphics/Wired/
|
|---|
| 426 | </a>
|
|---|
| 427 | .
|
|---|
| 428 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 429 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 430 | HepRep graphics format:
|
|---|
| 431 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 432 | <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~perl/heprep" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 433 | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~perl/heprep
|
|---|
| 434 | </a>
|
|---|
| 435 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 436 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 437 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial using the WIRED3 HepRep Browser
|
|---|
| 438 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 439 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4WIREDTutorial/G4WIREDTutorial.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 440 | http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4WIREDTutorial/G4WIREDTutorial.html
|
|---|
| 441 | </a>
|
|---|
| 442 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 443 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 444 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.HepRepXML"></a>8.3.5.
|
|---|
| 445 | HepRepXML
|
|---|
| 446 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 447 | The HepRepXML driver creates a HepRep file in the HepRep2 format
|
|---|
| 448 | suitable for viewing with the
|
|---|
| 449 | <a href="http://wired.freehep.org/index.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 450 | WIRED4
|
|---|
| 451 | </a>
|
|---|
| 452 | Plugin to the JAS3 Analysis System or the
|
|---|
| 453 | <a href="http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~glast/FRED/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 454 | FRED
|
|---|
| 455 | </a>
|
|---|
| 456 | event display.
|
|---|
| 457 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 458 | This driver can write both Binary HepRep (.bheprep) and XML
|
|---|
| 459 | HepRep (.heprep) files. Binary HepRep files are a one-to-one
|
|---|
| 460 | translation of XML HepRep files, but they are considerably shorter
|
|---|
| 461 | and faster to parse by a HepRepViewer such as WIRED 4.
|
|---|
| 462 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 463 | Both Binary HepRep and XML HepRep can be compressed using the
|
|---|
| 464 | standard zlib library if linked into Geant4 using G4LIB_USE_ZLIB.
|
|---|
| 465 | If a standard zlib is not available (WIN32-VC for instance) you
|
|---|
| 466 | should also set G4LIB_BUILD_ZLIB to build G4zlib included with
|
|---|
| 467 | Geant4.
|
|---|
| 468 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 469 | HepRep files (Binary and XML) can contain multiple HepRep
|
|---|
| 470 | events/geometries. If the file contains more than one HepRep it is
|
|---|
| 471 | not strictly XML anymore. Files can be written in .heprep.zip,
|
|---|
| 472 | .heprep.gz or .heprep format and their binary versions
|
|---|
| 473 | .bheprep.zip, .bheprep.gz or .bheprep.
|
|---|
| 474 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 475 | The .heprep.zip is the default for file output, the .heprep is
|
|---|
| 476 | the default for stdout and stderr.
|
|---|
| 477 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 478 | (Optional) To set the filename with a particular extension such
|
|---|
| 479 | as: .heprep.zip, .heprep.gz, .heprep, .bheprep.zip, .bheprep.gz or
|
|---|
| 480 | .bheprep use for instance:
|
|---|
| 481 |
|
|---|
| 482 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 483 | /vis/scene/create filename.bheprep.zip
|
|---|
| 484 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 485 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 486 | (Optional) To create separate files for each event, you can set
|
|---|
| 487 | a suffix such as "-0001" to start writing files from
|
|---|
| 488 | filename-0001.bheprep.zip to filename-9999.bheprep.zip (or up),
|
|---|
| 489 | while "-55-sub" will start write files filename-55-sub.bheprep.zip
|
|---|
| 490 | to filename-99-sub.bheprep.zip (or up).
|
|---|
| 491 |
|
|---|
| 492 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 493 | /vis/heprep/setEventNumberSuffix -0001
|
|---|
| 494 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 495 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 496 | (Note: suffix has to contain at least one digit)
|
|---|
| 497 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 498 | (Optional) To route the HepRep XML output to stdout (or stderr),
|
|---|
| 499 | by default uncompressed, use:
|
|---|
| 500 |
|
|---|
| 501 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 502 | /vis/scene/create stdout
|
|---|
| 503 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 504 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 505 | (Optional) To add attributes to each point on a trajectory, use:
|
|---|
| 506 |
|
|---|
| 507 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 508 | /vis/heprep/addPointAttributes 1
|
|---|
| 509 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 510 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 511 | Be aware that this may increase the size of the output
|
|---|
| 512 | dramatically.
|
|---|
| 513 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 514 | (Optional) You may use the commands:
|
|---|
| 515 |
|
|---|
| 516 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 517 | /vis/viewer/zoom to set an initial zoom factor
|
|---|
| 518 |
|
|---|
| 519 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi to set an initial view point
|
|---|
| 520 |
|
|---|
| 521 | /vis/heprep/setCoordinateSystem uvw to change the coordinate system, where uvw
|
|---|
| 522 | can be "xyz", "zxy", ...
|
|---|
| 523 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 524 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 525 | (Optional) You may decide to write .zip files with events and
|
|---|
| 526 | geometry separated (but linked). This results in a smaller zip
|
|---|
| 527 | file, as the geometry is only written once. Use the command:
|
|---|
| 528 |
|
|---|
| 529 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 530 | /vis/heprep/appendGeometry false
|
|---|
| 531 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 532 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 533 | (Optional) To close the file, remove the SceneHandler, use:
|
|---|
| 534 |
|
|---|
| 535 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 536 | /vis/sceneHandler/remove scene-handler-0
|
|---|
| 537 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 538 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 539 | Limitations: Only one SceneHandler can exist at any time,
|
|---|
| 540 | connected to a single Viewer. Since the HepRep format is a model
|
|---|
| 541 | rather than a view this is not a real limitation. In WIRED 4 you
|
|---|
| 542 | can create as many views (SceneHandlers) as you like.
|
|---|
| 543 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 544 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information:</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 545 |
|
|---|
| 546 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 547 | <a href="http://wired.freehep.org/index.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 548 | WIRED4</a> Plugin to the JAS3 Analysis System
|
|---|
| 549 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 550 | <a href="http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~glast/FRED/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 551 | FRED</a> event display
|
|---|
| 552 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 553 | HepRep graphics format:
|
|---|
| 554 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 555 | <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~perl/heprep" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 556 | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~perl/heprep
|
|---|
| 557 | </a>
|
|---|
| 558 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 559 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 560 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.DAWN"></a>8.3.6.
|
|---|
| 561 | DAWN
|
|---|
| 562 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 563 | The DAWN drivers are interfaces to
|
|---|
| 564 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWN.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 565 | Fukui Renderer DAWN</a>, which has been developed by Satoshi Tanaka,
|
|---|
| 566 | Minato Kawaguti et al (Fukui University). It is a vectorized 3D
|
|---|
| 567 | PostScript processor, and so well suited to prepare technical high
|
|---|
| 568 | quality outputs for presentation and/or documentation. It is also
|
|---|
| 569 | useful for precise debugging of detector geometry. Remote
|
|---|
| 570 | visualization, off-line re-visualization, cut view, and many other
|
|---|
| 571 | useful functions of detector simulation are supported. A DAWN
|
|---|
| 572 | process is automatically invoked as a co-process of Geant4 when
|
|---|
| 573 | visualization is performed, and 3D data are passed with
|
|---|
| 574 | inter-process communication, via a file, or the TCP/IP socket.
|
|---|
| 575 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 576 | When Geant4 Visualization is performed with the DAWN driver, the
|
|---|
| 577 | visualized view is automatically saved to a file named
|
|---|
| 578 | <code class="literal">g4.eps</code> in the current directory, which describes a
|
|---|
| 579 | vectorized (Encapsulated) PostScript data of the view.
|
|---|
| 580 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 581 | There are two kinds of DAWN drivers, the DAWNFILE driver and the
|
|---|
| 582 | DAWN-Network driver. The DAWNFILE driver is usually recommended,
|
|---|
| 583 | since it is faster and safer in the sense that it is not affected
|
|---|
| 584 | by network conditions.
|
|---|
| 585 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 586 | The DAWNFILE driver sends 3D data to DAWN via an intermediate
|
|---|
| 587 | file, named <code class="literal">g4.prim</code> in the current directory. The file
|
|---|
| 588 | <code class="literal">g4.prim</code> can be re-visualized later without the help of
|
|---|
| 589 | Geant4. This is done by invoking DAWN by hand:
|
|---|
| 590 |
|
|---|
| 591 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 592 | % dawn g4.prim
|
|---|
| 593 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 594 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 595 | DAWN files can also serve as input to two additional programs:
|
|---|
| 596 |
|
|---|
| 597 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 598 | A standalone program, DAWNCUT, can perform a planar cut on a
|
|---|
| 599 | DAWN image. DAWNCUT takes as input a .prim file and some cut
|
|---|
| 600 | parameters. Its output is a new .prim file to which the cut has
|
|---|
| 601 | been applied.
|
|---|
| 602 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 603 | Another standalone program, DAVID, can show you any volume
|
|---|
| 604 | overlap errors in your geometry. DAVID takes as input a .prim file
|
|---|
| 605 | and outputs a new .prim file in which overlapping volumes have been
|
|---|
| 606 | highlighted. The use of DAVID is described in section
|
|---|
| 607 | <a href="ch04.html#sect.Geom.Overlap" title="4.1.11.
|
|---|
| 608 | Detecting Overlapping Volumes
|
|---|
| 609 | ">Section 4.1.11</a> of this manual.
|
|---|
| 610 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 611 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 612 | The DAWN-Network driver is almost the same as the DAWNFILE
|
|---|
| 613 | driver except that
|
|---|
| 614 |
|
|---|
| 615 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 616 | 3D data are passed to DAWN via the TCP/IP the socket (default)
|
|---|
| 617 | or the named pipe, and that,
|
|---|
| 618 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 619 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 620 | If you have not set up network configurations of your host machine,
|
|---|
| 621 | set the environment variable <code class="literal">G4DAWN_NAMED_PIPE</code> to "1",
|
|---|
| 622 | e.g., <code class="literal">% setenv G4DAWN_NAMED_PIPE 1</code>. This setting switches
|
|---|
| 623 | the default socket connection to the named-pipe connection within
|
|---|
| 624 | the same host machine. The DAWN-Network driver also saves the 3D
|
|---|
| 625 | data to the file <code class="literal">g4.prim</code> in the current directory.
|
|---|
| 626 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.RemDAWN"></a>8.3.7.
|
|---|
| 627 | Remote Visualization with the DAWN-Network Driver
|
|---|
| 628 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 629 | Visualization in Geant4 is considered to be "remote" when it is
|
|---|
| 630 | performed on a machine other than the Geant4 host. Some of the
|
|---|
| 631 | visualization drivers support this feature.
|
|---|
| 632 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 633 | Usually, the visualization host is your local host, while the
|
|---|
| 634 | Geant4 host is a remote host where you log in, for example, with
|
|---|
| 635 | the <code class="literal">telnet</code> command. This enables distributed
|
|---|
| 636 | processing of Geant4 visualization, avoiding the transfer of large
|
|---|
| 637 | amounts of visualization data to your terminal display via the
|
|---|
| 638 | network. This section describes how to perform remote Geant4
|
|---|
| 639 | visualization with the DAWN-Network driver. In order to do it,
|
|---|
| 640 | you must install the Fukui Renderer DAWN on your local host
|
|---|
| 641 | beforehand.
|
|---|
| 642 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 643 | The following steps realize remote Geant4 visualization viewed
|
|---|
| 644 | by DAWN.
|
|---|
| 645 |
|
|---|
| 646 | </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 647 | Invoke DAWN with "-G" option on your local host:
|
|---|
| 648 |
|
|---|
| 649 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 650 | Local_Host> dawn -G
|
|---|
| 651 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 652 |
|
|---|
| 653 | This invokes DAWN with the network connection mode.
|
|---|
| 654 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 655 | Login to the remote host where a Geant4 executable is placed.
|
|---|
| 656 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 657 | Set an environment variable on the remote host as follows:
|
|---|
| 658 |
|
|---|
| 659 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 660 | Remote_Host> setenv G4DAWN_HOST_NAME local_host_name
|
|---|
| 661 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 662 |
|
|---|
| 663 | For example, if you are working in the local host named
|
|---|
| 664 | "arkoop.kek.jp", set this environment variable as follows:
|
|---|
| 665 |
|
|---|
| 666 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 667 | Remote_Host> setenv G4DAWN_HOST_NAME arkoop.kek.jp
|
|---|
| 668 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 669 |
|
|---|
| 670 | This tells a Geant4 process running on the remote host where Geant4
|
|---|
| 671 | Visualization should be performed, i.e., where the visualized views
|
|---|
| 672 | should be displayed.
|
|---|
| 673 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 674 | Invoke a Geant4 process and perform visualization with the
|
|---|
| 675 | DAWN-Network driver. For example:
|
|---|
| 676 |
|
|---|
| 677 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 678 | Idle> /vis/open DAWN
|
|---|
| 679 | Idle> /vis/drawVolume
|
|---|
| 680 | Idle> /vis/viewer/flush
|
|---|
| 681 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 682 | </p></li></ol></div><p>
|
|---|
| 683 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 684 | In step 4, 3D scene data are sent from the remote host to the
|
|---|
| 685 | local host as
|
|---|
| 686 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/G4PRIM_FORMAT_24/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 687 | DAWN-formatted data</a>, and the local DAWN will visualize the data. The
|
|---|
| 688 | transferred data are saved as a file named <code class="literal">g4.prim</code> in the
|
|---|
| 689 | current directory of the local host.
|
|---|
| 690 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 691 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information:</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 692 |
|
|---|
| 693 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 694 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWN.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 695 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWN.html
|
|---|
| 696 | </a>
|
|---|
| 697 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 698 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/G4PRIM_FORMAT_24/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 699 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/G4PRIM_FORMAT_24/
|
|---|
| 700 | </a>
|
|---|
| 701 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 702 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 703 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information:</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 704 |
|
|---|
| 705 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 706 | Fukui Renderer DAWN:
|
|---|
| 707 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 708 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWN.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 709 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWN.html
|
|---|
| 710 | </a>
|
|---|
| 711 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 712 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 713 | The DAWNFILE driver:
|
|---|
| 714 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 715 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/DAWNFILE_driver.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 716 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/DAWNFILE_driver.html
|
|---|
| 717 | </a>
|
|---|
| 718 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 719 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 720 | The DAWN-Network driver:
|
|---|
| 721 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 722 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/DAWNNET_driver.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 723 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/DAWNNET_driver.html
|
|---|
| 724 | </a>
|
|---|
| 725 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 726 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 727 | Environmental variables to customize DAWN and DAWN drivers:
|
|---|
| 728 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 729 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/DAWN_ENV.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 730 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/DAWN_ENV.html
|
|---|
| 731 | </a>
|
|---|
| 732 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 733 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 734 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/g4vis_on_linux.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 735 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/g4vis_on_linux.html
|
|---|
| 736 | </a>
|
|---|
| 737 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 738 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 739 | DAWN format (g4.prim format) manual:
|
|---|
| 740 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 741 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/G4PRIM_FORMAT_24/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 742 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/G4PRIM_FORMAT_24/
|
|---|
| 743 | </a>
|
|---|
| 744 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 745 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 746 | Geant4 Fukui University Group Home Page:
|
|---|
| 747 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 748 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 749 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/
|
|---|
| 750 | </a>
|
|---|
| 751 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 752 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 753 | DAWNCUT:
|
|---|
| 754 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 755 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWNCUT.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 756 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAWNCUT.html
|
|---|
| 757 | </a>
|
|---|
| 758 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 759 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 760 | DAVID:
|
|---|
| 761 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 762 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAVID.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 763 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/DAWN/About_DAVID.html
|
|---|
| 764 | </a>
|
|---|
| 765 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 766 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 767 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial using the DAWN Renderer:
|
|---|
| 768 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 769 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/GDAWNTutorial/G4DAWNTutorial.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 770 | http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/GDAWNTutorial/G4DAWNTutorial.html
|
|---|
| 771 | </a>
|
|---|
| 772 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 773 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 774 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.VRML"></a>8.3.8.
|
|---|
| 775 | VRML
|
|---|
| 776 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 777 | These drivers were developed by Satoshi Tanaka and Yasuhide Sawada
|
|---|
| 778 | (Fukui University). They generate VRML files, which describe 3D
|
|---|
| 779 | scenes to be visualized with a proper VRML viewer, at either a
|
|---|
| 780 | local or a remote host. It realizes virtual-reality visualization
|
|---|
| 781 | with your WWW browser. There are many excellent VRML viewers, which
|
|---|
| 782 | enable one to perform interactive spinning of detectors, walking
|
|---|
| 783 | and/or flying inside detectors or particle showers, interactive
|
|---|
| 784 | investigation of detailed detector geometry etc.
|
|---|
| 785 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 786 | There are two kinds of VRML drivers: the VRMLFILE driver, and
|
|---|
| 787 | the VRML-Network driver. The VRMLFILE driver is usually
|
|---|
| 788 | recommended, since it is faster and safer in the sense that it is
|
|---|
| 789 | not affected by network conditions.
|
|---|
| 790 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 791 | The VRMLFILE driver sends 3D data to your VRML viewer, which is
|
|---|
| 792 | running on the same host machine as Geant4, via an intermediate
|
|---|
| 793 | file named <code class="literal">g4.wrl</code> created in the current directory. This
|
|---|
| 794 | file can be re-visualization afterwards. In visualization, the name
|
|---|
| 795 | of the VRML viewer should be specified by setting the environment
|
|---|
| 796 | variable <code class="literal">G4VRML_VIEWER</code> beforehand. For example,
|
|---|
| 797 |
|
|---|
| 798 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 799 | % setenv G4VRML_VIEWER "netscape"
|
|---|
| 800 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 801 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 802 | Its default value is <code class="literal">NONE</code>, which means that no viewer
|
|---|
| 803 | is invoked and only the file <code class="literal">g4.wrl</code> is generated.
|
|---|
| 804 | </p><h5><a name="id505679"></a>
|
|---|
| 805 | Remote Visualization with the VRML-Network Driver
|
|---|
| 806 | </h5><p>
|
|---|
| 807 | Visualization in Geant4 is considered to be "remote" when it is
|
|---|
| 808 | performed on a machine other than the Geant4 host. Some of the
|
|---|
| 809 | visualization drivers support this feature.
|
|---|
| 810 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 811 | Usually, the visualization host is your local host, while the
|
|---|
| 812 | Geant4 host is a remote host where you log in, for example, with
|
|---|
| 813 | the <code class="literal">telnet</code> command. This enables distributed processing of
|
|---|
| 814 | Geant4 visualization, avoiding the transfer of large amounts of
|
|---|
| 815 | visualization data to your terminal display via the network.
|
|---|
| 816 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 817 | In order to perform remote visualization with the VRML-Network
|
|---|
| 818 | driver, the following must be installed on your local host
|
|---|
| 819 | beforehand:
|
|---|
| 820 |
|
|---|
| 821 | </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 822 | a VRML viewer
|
|---|
| 823 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 824 | the Java application <code class="literal">g4vrmlview</code>.
|
|---|
| 825 | </p></li></ol></div><p>
|
|---|
| 826 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 827 | The Java application <code class="literal">g4vrmlview</code> is included as part of the
|
|---|
| 828 | Geant4 package and is located at:
|
|---|
| 829 |
|
|---|
| 830 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 831 | source/visualization/VRML/g4vrmlview/
|
|---|
| 832 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 833 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 834 | Installation instructions for <code class="literal">g4vrmlview</code> can be found in
|
|---|
| 835 | the <code class="literal">README</code> file there, or on the WWW page below.
|
|---|
| 836 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 837 | The following steps realize remote Geant4 visualization
|
|---|
| 838 | displayed with your local VRML browser:
|
|---|
| 839 |
|
|---|
| 840 | </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 841 | Invoke the <code class="literal">g4vrmlview</code> on your local host, giving a
|
|---|
| 842 | VRML viewer name as its argument:
|
|---|
| 843 |
|
|---|
| 844 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 845 | Local_Host> java g4vrmlview VRML_viewer_name
|
|---|
| 846 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 847 |
|
|---|
| 848 | For example, if you want to use the Netscape browser as your VRML
|
|---|
| 849 | viewer, execute <code class="literal">g4vrmlview</code> as follows:
|
|---|
| 850 |
|
|---|
| 851 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 852 | Local_Host> java g4vrmlview netscape
|
|---|
| 853 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 854 |
|
|---|
| 855 | Of course, the command path to the VRML viewer should be properly set.
|
|---|
| 856 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 857 | Log in to the remote host where a Geant4 executable is placed.
|
|---|
| 858 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 859 | Set an environment variable on the remote host as follows:
|
|---|
| 860 |
|
|---|
| 861 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 862 | Remote_Host> setenv G4VRML_HOST_NAME local_host_name
|
|---|
| 863 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 864 |
|
|---|
| 865 | For example, if you are working on the local host named
|
|---|
| 866 | "arkoop.kek.jp", set this environment variable as follows:
|
|---|
| 867 |
|
|---|
| 868 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 869 | Remote_Host> setenv G4VRML_HOST_NAME arkoop.kek.jp
|
|---|
| 870 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 871 |
|
|---|
| 872 | This tells a Geant4 process running on the remote host where Geant4
|
|---|
| 873 | Visualization should be performed, i.e., where the visualized views
|
|---|
| 874 | should be displayed.
|
|---|
| 875 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 876 | Invoke a Geant4 process and perform visualization with the
|
|---|
| 877 | VRML-Network driver. For example:
|
|---|
| 878 |
|
|---|
| 879 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 880 | Idle> /vis/open VRML2
|
|---|
| 881 | Idle> /vis/drawVolume
|
|---|
| 882 | Idle> /vis/viewer/update
|
|---|
| 883 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 884 | </p></li></ol></div><p>
|
|---|
| 885 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 886 | In step 4, 3D scene data are sent from the remote host to the
|
|---|
| 887 | local host as VRML-formatted data, and the VRML viewer specified in
|
|---|
| 888 | step 3 is invoked by the <code class="literal">g4vrmlview</code> process to visualize
|
|---|
| 889 | the VRML data. The transferred VRML data are saved as a file named
|
|---|
| 890 | <code class="literal">g4.wrl</code> in the current directory of the local host.
|
|---|
| 891 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 892 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information:</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 893 |
|
|---|
| 894 |
|
|---|
| 895 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 896 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML_net_driver.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 897 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML_net_driver.html
|
|---|
| 898 | </a>
|
|---|
| 899 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 900 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 901 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information (VRML drivers):</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 902 |
|
|---|
| 903 |
|
|---|
| 904 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 905 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML_file_driver.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 906 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML_file_driver.html
|
|---|
| 907 | </a>
|
|---|
| 908 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 909 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML_net_driver.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 910 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML_net_driver.html
|
|---|
| 911 | </a>
|
|---|
| 912 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 913 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 914 | <span class="bold"><strong>Sample VRML files:</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 915 |
|
|---|
| 916 |
|
|---|
| 917 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 918 | <a href="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML2_FIG/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 919 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis/GEANT4/VRML2_FIG/
|
|---|
| 920 | </a>
|
|---|
| 921 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 922 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 923 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information (VRML language and browsers):</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 924 |
|
|---|
| 925 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 926 | <a href="http://www.vrmlsite.com/" target="_top">http://www.vrmlsite.com/
|
|---|
| 927 | </a>
|
|---|
| 928 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 929 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.RayTrc"></a>8.3.9.
|
|---|
| 930 | RayTracer
|
|---|
| 931 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 932 | This driver was developed by Makoto Asai and Minamimoto (Hirosihma
|
|---|
| 933 | Instutute of Technology). It performs ray-tracing visualization
|
|---|
| 934 | using the tracking routines of Geant4. It is, therefore, available
|
|---|
| 935 | for every kinds of shapes/solids which Geant4 can handle. It is
|
|---|
| 936 | also utilized for debugging the user's geometry for the tracking
|
|---|
| 937 | routines of Geant4. It is well suited for photo-realistic high
|
|---|
| 938 | quality output for presentation, and for intuitive debugging of
|
|---|
| 939 | detector geometry. It produces a JPEG file. This driver is by
|
|---|
| 940 | default listed in the available visualization drivers of user's
|
|---|
| 941 | application.
|
|---|
| 942 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 943 | Some pieces of geometries may fail to show up in other
|
|---|
| 944 | visualization drivers (due to algorithms those drivers use to
|
|---|
| 945 | compute visualizable shapes and polygons), but RayTracer can handle
|
|---|
| 946 | any geometry that the Geant4 navigator can handle.
|
|---|
| 947 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 948 | Because RayTracer in essence takes over Geant4's tracking
|
|---|
| 949 | routines for its own use, RayTracer cannot be used to visualize
|
|---|
| 950 | Trajectories or hits.
|
|---|
| 951 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 952 | An X-Window version, called RayTracerX, can be selected by
|
|---|
| 953 | setting <code class="literal">G4VIS_BUILD_RATRACERX_DRIVER</code> at Geant4 library
|
|---|
| 954 | build time and <code class="literal">G4VIS_USE_RAYTRACERX</code> at application (user
|
|---|
| 955 | code) build time (assuming you use the standard visualization
|
|---|
| 956 | manager, <code class="literal">G4VisExecutive</code>, or an equally smart vis manager).
|
|---|
| 957 | RayTracerX builds the same jpeg file as RayTracer, but
|
|---|
| 958 | simultaneously renders to screen so you can watch as rendering
|
|---|
| 959 | grows progressively smoother.
|
|---|
| 960 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 961 | RayTracer has its own built-in commands -
|
|---|
| 962 | <code class="literal">/vis/rayTracer/</code>.... Alternatively, you can treat it as a
|
|---|
| 963 | normal vis system and use <code class="literal">/vis/viewer/</code>... commands,
|
|---|
| 964 | e.g:
|
|---|
| 965 |
|
|---|
| 966 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 967 | /vis/open RayTracerX
|
|---|
| 968 | /vis/drawVolume
|
|---|
| 969 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 30 30
|
|---|
| 970 | /vis/viewer/refresh
|
|---|
| 971 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 972 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 973 | The view parameters are translated into the necessary RayTracer
|
|---|
| 974 | parameters.
|
|---|
| 975 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 976 | RayTracer is compute intensive. If you are unsure of a good
|
|---|
| 977 | viewing angle or zoom factor, you might be advised to choose them
|
|---|
| 978 | with a faster renderer, such as OpenGL, and transfer the view
|
|---|
| 979 | parameters with <code class="literal">/vis/viewer/set/all</code>:
|
|---|
| 980 |
|
|---|
| 981 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 982 | /vis/open OGLSXm # or any of the OGL options. Opens, say, viewer-0.
|
|---|
| 983 | /vis/drawVolume
|
|---|
| 984 | /vis/viewer/zoom # plus any /vis/viewer/commands that get you the view you want.
|
|---|
| 985 | /vis/open RayTracerX
|
|---|
| 986 | /vis/viewer/set/all viewer-0
|
|---|
| 987 | /vis/viewer/refresh
|
|---|
| 988 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 989 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.DetTree"></a>8.3.10.
|
|---|
| 990 | Visualization of detector geometry tree
|
|---|
| 991 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 992 | ASCIITREE is a visualization driver that is not actually graphical
|
|---|
| 993 | but that dumps the volume hierarchy as a simple text tree.
|
|---|
| 994 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 995 | Each call to /vis/viewer/flush or /vis/drawTree will dump the
|
|---|
| 996 | tree.
|
|---|
| 997 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 998 | ASCIITree has command to control its verbosity,
|
|---|
| 999 | <code class="literal">/vis/ASCIITree/verbose</code>. The verbosity value controls the
|
|---|
| 1000 | amount of information available, e.g., physical volume name alone,
|
|---|
| 1001 | or also logical volume and solid names. If the volume is
|
|---|
| 1002 | "sensitive" and/or has a "readout geometry", this may also be
|
|---|
| 1003 | indicated. Also, the mass of the physical volume tree(s) can be
|
|---|
| 1004 | printed (but beware - higher verbosity levels can be
|
|---|
| 1005 | computationally intensive).
|
|---|
| 1006 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1007 | At verbosity level 4, ASCIITree calculates the mass of the
|
|---|
| 1008 | complete geometry tree taking into account daughters up to the
|
|---|
| 1009 | depth specified for each physical volume. The calculation involves
|
|---|
| 1010 | subtracting the mass of that part of the mother that is occupied by
|
|---|
| 1011 | each daughter and then adding the mass of the daughter, and so on
|
|---|
| 1012 | down the hierarchy.
|
|---|
| 1013 |
|
|---|
| 1014 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 1015 | /vis/ASCIITree/Verbose 4
|
|---|
| 1016 | /vis/viewer/flush
|
|---|
| 1017 | "HadCalorimeterPhysical":0 / "HadCalorimeterLogical" / "HadCalorimeterBox"(G4Box),
|
|---|
| 1018 | 1.8 m3 , 11.35 g/cm3
|
|---|
| 1019 | "HadCalColumnPhysical":-1 (10 replicas) / "HadCalColumnLogical" / "HadCalColumnBox"(G4Box),
|
|---|
| 1020 | 180000 cm3, 11.35 g/cm3
|
|---|
| 1021 | "HadCalCellPhysical":-1 (2 replicas) / "HadCalCellLogical" / "HadCalCellBox"(G4Box),
|
|---|
| 1022 | 90000 cm3, 11.35 g/cm3
|
|---|
| 1023 | "HadCalLayerPhysical":-1 (20 replicas) / "HadCalLayerLogical" / "HadCalLayerBox"(G4Box),
|
|---|
| 1024 | 4500 cm3, 11.35 g/cm3
|
|---|
| 1025 | "HadCalScintiPhysical":0 / "HadCalScintiLogical" / "HadCalScintiBox"(G4Box),
|
|---|
| 1026 | 900 cm3, 1.032 g/cm3
|
|---|
| 1027 |
|
|---|
| 1028 | Calculating mass(es)...
|
|---|
| 1029 | Overall volume of "worldPhysical":0, is 2400 m3
|
|---|
| 1030 | Mass of tree to unlimited depth is 22260.5 kg
|
|---|
| 1031 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1032 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1033 | Some more examples of ASCIITree in action:
|
|---|
| 1034 |
|
|---|
| 1035 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 1036 | Idle> /vis/ASCIITree/verbose 1
|
|---|
| 1037 | Idle> /vis/drawTree
|
|---|
| 1038 | # Set verbosity with "/vis/ASCIITree/verbose
|
|---|
| 1039 | # < 10: - does not print daughters of repeated placements, does not repeat replicas.
|
|---|
| 1040 | # >= 10: prints all physical volumes.
|
|---|
| 1041 | # The level of detail is given by verbosity%10:
|
|---|
| 1042 | # for each volume:
|
|---|
| 1043 | # >= 0: physical volume name.
|
|---|
| 1044 | # >= 1: logical volume name (and names of sensitive detector and readout geometry, if any).
|
|---|
| 1045 | # >= 2: solid name and type.
|
|---|
| 1046 | # >= 3: volume and density.
|
|---|
| 1047 | # >= 5: daughter-subtracted volume and mass.
|
|---|
| 1048 | # and in the summary at the end of printing:
|
|---|
| 1049 | # >= 4: daughter-included mass of top physical volume(s) in scene to depth specified.
|
|---|
| 1050 | .....
|
|---|
| 1051 | "Calorimeter", copy no. 0, belongs to logical volume "Calorimeter"
|
|---|
| 1052 | "Layer", copy no. -1, belongs to logical volume "Layer" (10 replicas)
|
|---|
| 1053 | "Absorber", copy no. 0, belongs to logical volume "Absorber"
|
|---|
| 1054 | "Gap", copy no. 0, belongs to logical volume "Gap"
|
|---|
| 1055 | .....
|
|---|
| 1056 | Idle> /vis/ASCIITree/verbose 15
|
|---|
| 1057 | Idle> /vis/drawTree
|
|---|
| 1058 | ....
|
|---|
| 1059 | "tube_phys":0 / "tube_L" / "tube"(G4Tubs), 395841 cm3, 1.782 mg/cm3,
|
|---|
| 1060 | 9.6539e-08 mm3, 1.72032e-10 mg
|
|---|
| 1061 | "divided_tube_phys":0 / "divided_tube_L" / "divided_tube"(G4Tubs), 65973.4 cm3,
|
|---|
| 1062 | 1.782 mg/cm3, 7587.54 cm3, 13.521 g
|
|---|
| 1063 | "divided_tube_inset_phys":0 / "divided_tube_inset_L" / "divided_tube_inset"(G4Tubs),
|
|---|
| 1064 | 58385.9 cm3, 1.782 mg/cm3, 6.03369e-09 mm3, 1.0752e-11 mg
|
|---|
| 1065 | "sub_divided_tube_phys":0 / "sub_divided_tube_L" / "sub_divided_tube"(G4Tubs),
|
|---|
| 1066 | 14596.5 cm3, 1.782 mg/cm3, 12196.5 cm3, 21.7341 g
|
|---|
| 1067 | .....
|
|---|
| 1068 | Calculating mass(es)...
|
|---|
| 1069 | Overall volume of "expHall_P":0, is 8000 m3 and the daughter-included mass to unlimited depth
|
|---|
| 1070 | is 78414 kg
|
|---|
| 1071 | .....
|
|---|
| 1072 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1073 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1074 | For the complete list of commands and options, see the
|
|---|
| 1075 | <a href="./AllResources/Control/UIcommands/_vis_.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 1076 | Control...UICommands</a> section of this user guide.
|
|---|
| 1077 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.GAGTree"></a>8.3.11.
|
|---|
| 1078 | GAG Tree
|
|---|
| 1079 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1080 | The GAGTree driver provides a listing of the detector geometry tree
|
|---|
| 1081 | within GAG, the Geant Adaptive GUI, (
|
|---|
| 1082 | <a href="http://erpc1.naruto-u.ac.jp/~geant4" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 1083 | http://erpc1.naruto-u.ac.jp/~geant4
|
|---|
| 1084 | </a>
|
|---|
| 1085 | ). GAG allows "folding/un-folding" a part of the geometry tree, using
|
|---|
| 1086 | the <span class="emphasis"><em>Tree Widget</em></span> in Java:
|
|---|
| 1087 |
|
|---|
| 1088 | </p><div class="informalfigure"><a name="fig.VisDrv_1"></a><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="./AllResources/Visualization/visualization.src/gagtree.jpg" align="middle"></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1089 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.XMLTree"></a>8.3.12.
|
|---|
| 1090 | XML Tree
|
|---|
| 1091 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1092 | The XML description of the geometry tree can be created in Geant4
|
|---|
| 1093 | by the XML Tree driver. The XML source can also be edited on the
|
|---|
| 1094 | fly. The created XML files are visualizable with any XML browser
|
|---|
| 1095 | (in Windows, a good XML viewer is <span class="emphasis"><em>XML Notepad</em></span>).
|
|---|
| 1096 |
|
|---|
| 1097 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 1098 | Folding and un-folding:
|
|---|
| 1099 |
|
|---|
| 1100 | </p><div class="informalfigure"><a name="fig.VisDrv_2"></a><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="./AllResources/Visualization/visualization.src/xmlnp.gif" align="middle"></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1101 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1102 |
|
|---|
| 1103 |
|
|---|
| 1104 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
|
|---|
| 1105 | Searching a string:
|
|---|
| 1106 |
|
|---|
| 1107 | </p><div class="informalfigure"><a name="fig.VisDrv_3"></a><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="./AllResources/Visualization/visualization.src/xmlnpfind.gif" align="middle"></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1108 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1109 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sect.VisDrv.Qt"></a>8.3.13.
|
|---|
| 1110 | Qt
|
|---|
| 1111 | </h3></div></div></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1112 | This driver have been developed by Laurent Garnier (IN2P3, LAL Orsay).
|
|---|
| 1113 | It is an interface to the powerful toolkit Qt, now free on lot of
|
|---|
| 1114 | platforms. This driver needs OpenGL library to be install. It is well suited for
|
|---|
| 1115 | real-time fast visualization and demonstration. Fast visualization
|
|---|
| 1116 | is realized with hardware acceleration, reuse of shapes stored in a
|
|---|
| 1117 | display list, etc. NURBS visualization is also supported. All OpenGL
|
|---|
| 1118 | features are implements in Qt driver . In addition, mouse events control
|
|---|
| 1119 | are used to rotation/move/zoom volume, you can save your scene in lots
|
|---|
| 1120 | of formats (vector or not), make movies...
|
|---|
| 1121 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1122 | There is only one session of Qt driver for all available platform.
|
|---|
| 1123 | Two display modes are available: immediate mode and stored mode.
|
|---|
| 1124 | The former has no limitation on data size, and the latter is fast
|
|---|
| 1125 | for visualizing large data repetitively, and so is suitable for
|
|---|
| 1126 | animation.
|
|---|
| 1127 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1128 | To see the visualization window :
|
|---|
| 1129 | </p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">
|
|---|
| 1130 | /vis/open OGLSQt
|
|---|
| 1131 | </pre></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1132 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1133 | <span class="bold"><strong>Further information (Qt):</strong></span>
|
|---|
| 1134 |
|
|---|
| 1135 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc" compact><li><p>
|
|---|
| 1136 | Qt toolkit
|
|---|
| 1137 | <a href="http://trolltech.com/" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 1138 | http://trolltech.com/
|
|---|
| 1139 | </a>
|
|---|
| 1140 | </p></li><li><p>
|
|---|
| 1141 | <a href="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4OpenGLTutorial/G4OpenGLTutorial.html" target="_top">
|
|---|
| 1142 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial
|
|---|
| 1143 | </a>
|
|---|
| 1144 | using the Qt Toolkit
|
|---|
| 1145 | </p></li></ul></div><p>
|
|---|
| 1146 | </p><p>
|
|---|
| 1147 | </div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s02.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch08.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/up.gif" alt="Up"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s04.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">8.2.
|
|---|
| 1148 | Adding Visualization to Your Executable
|
|---|
| 1149 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="AllResources/IconsGIF/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 8.4.
|
|---|
| 1150 | Controlling Visualization from Commands
|
|---|
| 1151 | </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
|
|---|
