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4original version by:  Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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38<BR>
39<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html184"
40  HREF="node2.html">Introduction</A>
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42  HREF="PhysicsReferenceManual.html">Physics Reference Manual</A>
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44  HREF="PhysicsReferenceManual.html">Physics Reference Manual</A>
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48<BR>
49
50<H2><A NAME="SECTION01000000000000000000">
51Contents</A>
52</H2>
53<!--Table of Contents-->
54
55<UL>
56<LI><A NAME="tex2html185"
57  HREF="node2.html">Introduction</A>
58<UL>
59<LI><A NAME="tex2html186"
60  HREF="node3.html">Introduction</A>
61<UL>
62<LI><A NAME="tex2html187"
63  HREF="node4.html">Scope of This Manual</A>
64<LI><A NAME="tex2html188"
65  HREF="node5.html">Definition of Terms</A>
66<LI><A NAME="tex2html189"
67  HREF="node6.html">Status of this document</A>
68</UL>
69<LI><A NAME="tex2html190"
70  HREF="node7.html">Monte Carlo Methods</A>
71<UL>
72<LI><A NAME="tex2html191"
73  HREF="node8.html">Status of this document</A>
74<LI><A NAME="tex2html192"
75  HREF="node9.html">Bibliography</A>
76</UL>
77<LI><A NAME="tex2html193"
78  HREF="node10.html">Transportation</A>
79</UL>
80<BR>
81<LI><A NAME="tex2html194"
82  HREF="node11.html">Particle Decay</A>
83<UL>
84<LI><A NAME="tex2html195"
85  HREF="node12.html">Decay</A>
86<UL>
87<LI><A NAME="tex2html196"
88  HREF="node13.html">Mean Free Path for Decay in Flight</A>
89<LI><A NAME="tex2html197"
90  HREF="node14.html">Branching Ratios and Decay Channels</A>
91<UL>
92<LI><A NAME="tex2html198"
93  HREF="node14.html#SECTION03121000000000000000">G4PhaseSpaceDecayChannel</A>
94<LI><A NAME="tex2html199"
95  HREF="node14.html#SECTION03122000000000000000">G4DalitzDecayChannel</A>
96<LI><A NAME="tex2html200"
97  HREF="node14.html#SECTION03123000000000000000">Muon Decay</A>
98<LI><A NAME="tex2html201"
99  HREF="node14.html#SECTION03124000000000000000">Leptonic Tau Decay</A>
100<LI><A NAME="tex2html202"
101  HREF="node14.html#SECTION03125000000000000000">Kaon Decay</A>
102</UL>
103<LI><A NAME="tex2html203"
104  HREF="node15.html">Status of this document</A>
105<LI><A NAME="tex2html204"
106  HREF="node16.html">Bibliography</A>
107</UL>
108</UL>
109<BR>
110<LI><A NAME="tex2html205"
111  HREF="node17.html">Electromagnetic Interactions</A>
112<UL>
113<LI><A NAME="tex2html206"
114  HREF="node18.html">Particle Transport</A>
115<UL>
116<LI><A NAME="tex2html207"
117  HREF="node19.html">The Interaction Length or Mean Free Path</A>
118<LI><A NAME="tex2html208"
119  HREF="node20.html">Determination of the Interaction Point</A>
120<LI><A NAME="tex2html209"
121  HREF="node21.html">Updating the Particle Lifetime</A>
122<LI><A NAME="tex2html210"
123  HREF="node22.html">Status of this document</A>
124<LI><A NAME="tex2html211"
125  HREF="node23.html">Bibliography</A>
126</UL>
127<LI><A NAME="tex2html212"
128  HREF="node24.html">Gamma Incident</A>
129<UL>
130<LI><A NAME="tex2html213"
131  HREF="node25.html">Introduction</A>
132<UL>
133<LI><A NAME="tex2html214"
134  HREF="node25.html#SECTION04211000000000000000">General Interfaces</A>
135<LI><A NAME="tex2html215"
136  HREF="node25.html#SECTION04212000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
137<LI><A NAME="tex2html216"
138  HREF="node25.html#SECTION04213000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
139</UL>
140<LI><A NAME="tex2html217"
141  HREF="node26.html">PhotoElectric effect</A>
142<UL>
143<LI><A NAME="tex2html218"
144  HREF="node26.html#SECTION04221000000000000000">Cross Section and Mean Free Path</A>
145<LI><A NAME="tex2html219"
146  HREF="node26.html#SECTION04222000000000000000">Final State</A>
147<LI><A NAME="tex2html220"
148  HREF="node26.html#SECTION04223000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
149<LI><A NAME="tex2html221"
150  HREF="node26.html#SECTION04224000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
151</UL>
152<LI><A NAME="tex2html222"
153  HREF="node27.html">Compton scattering</A>
154<UL>
155<LI><A NAME="tex2html223"
156  HREF="node27.html#SECTION04231000000000000000">Cross Section and Mean Free Path</A>
157<LI><A NAME="tex2html224"
158  HREF="node27.html#SECTION04232000000000000000">Sampling the Final State</A>
159<LI><A NAME="tex2html225"
160  HREF="node27.html#SECTION04233000000000000000">Validity</A>
161<LI><A NAME="tex2html226"
162  HREF="node27.html#SECTION04234000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
163<LI><A NAME="tex2html227"
164  HREF="node27.html#SECTION04235000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
165</UL>
166<LI><A NAME="tex2html228"
167  HREF="node28.html">Gamma Conversion into an Electron - Positron Pair</A>
168<UL>
169<LI><A NAME="tex2html229"
170  HREF="node28.html#SECTION04241000000000000000">Cross Section and Mean Free Path</A>
171<LI><A NAME="tex2html230"
172  HREF="node28.html#SECTION04242000000000000000">Final State</A>
173<LI><A NAME="tex2html231"
174  HREF="node28.html#SECTION04243000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
175<LI><A NAME="tex2html232"
176  HREF="node28.html#SECTION04244000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
177</UL>
178<LI><A NAME="tex2html233"
179  HREF="node29.html">Gamma Conversion into a Muon - Anti-muon Pair</A>
180<UL>
181<LI><A NAME="tex2html234"
182  HREF="node29.html#SECTION04251000000000000000">Cross Section and Energy Sharing</A>
183<LI><A NAME="tex2html235"
184  HREF="node29.html#SECTION04252000000000000000">Parameterization of the Total Cross Section</A>
185<LI><A NAME="tex2html236"
186  HREF="node29.html#SECTION04253000000000000000">Multi-differential Cross Section and Angular Variables</A>
187<LI><A NAME="tex2html237"
188  HREF="node29.html#SECTION04254000000000000000">Procedure for the Generation of Muon - Anti-muon Pairs</A>
189<LI><A NAME="tex2html238"
190  HREF="node29.html#SECTION04255000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
191<LI><A NAME="tex2html239"
192  HREF="node29.html#SECTION04256000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
193</UL>
194</UL>
195<LI><A NAME="tex2html240"
196  HREF="node30.html">Common to All Charged Particles</A>
197<UL>
198<LI><A NAME="tex2html241"
199  HREF="node31.html">Computing the Mean Energy Loss</A>
200<UL>
201<LI><A NAME="tex2html242"
202  HREF="node31.html#SECTION04311000000000000000">Method</A>
203<LI><A NAME="tex2html243"
204  HREF="node31.html#SECTION04312000000000000000">Implementation Details</A>
205<LI><A NAME="tex2html244"
206  HREF="node31.html#SECTION04313000000000000000">Energy Loss by Heavy Charged Particles</A>
207<LI><A NAME="tex2html245"
208  HREF="node31.html#SECTION04314000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
209<LI><A NAME="tex2html246"
210  HREF="node31.html#SECTION04315000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
211</UL>
212<LI><A NAME="tex2html247"
213  HREF="node32.html">Energy loss fluctuations</A>
214<UL>
215<LI><A NAME="tex2html248"
216  HREF="node32.html#SECTION04321000000000000000">Fluctuations in thick absorbers</A>
217<LI><A NAME="tex2html249"
218  HREF="node32.html#SECTION04322000000000000000">Fluctuations in thin absorbers</A>
219<LI><A NAME="tex2html250"
220  HREF="node32.html#SECTION04323000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
221<LI><A NAME="tex2html251"
222  HREF="node32.html#SECTION04324000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
223</UL>
224<LI><A NAME="tex2html252"
225  HREF="node33.html">Correcting the cross section for energy variation </A>
226<UL>
227<LI><A NAME="tex2html253"
228  HREF="node33.html#SECTION04331000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
229<LI><A NAME="tex2html254"
230  HREF="node33.html#SECTION04332000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
231</UL>
232<LI><A NAME="tex2html255"
233  HREF="node34.html">Conversion from range cut to kinetic energy cut</A>
234<UL>
235<LI><A NAME="tex2html256"
236  HREF="node34.html#SECTION04341000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
237<LI><A NAME="tex2html257"
238  HREF="node34.html#SECTION04342000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
239</UL>
240<LI><A NAME="tex2html258"
241  HREF="node35.html">Multiple Scattering</A>
242<UL>
243<LI><A NAME="tex2html259"
244  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04351000000000000000">Introduction</A>
245<LI><A NAME="tex2html260"
246  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04352000000000000000">Definition of Terms</A>
247<LI><A NAME="tex2html261"
248  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04353000000000000000">Path Length Correction</A>
249<LI><A NAME="tex2html262"
250  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04354000000000000000">Angular Distribution</A>
251<LI><A NAME="tex2html263"
252  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04355000000000000000">Determination of the Model Parameters</A>
253<LI><A NAME="tex2html264"
254  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04356000000000000000">The MSC Process in Geant4</A>
255<LI><A NAME="tex2html265"
256  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04357000000000000000">Step Limitation Algorithm</A>
257<LI><A NAME="tex2html266"
258  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04358000000000000000">Boundary Crossing Algorithm</A>
259<LI><A NAME="tex2html267"
260  HREF="node35.html#SECTION04359000000000000000">Implementation Details</A>
261<LI><A NAME="tex2html268"
262  HREF="node35.html#SECTION043510000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
263<LI><A NAME="tex2html269"
264  HREF="node35.html#SECTION043511000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
265</UL>
266<LI><A NAME="tex2html270"
267  HREF="node36.html">Single Scattering</A>
268<UL>
269<LI><A NAME="tex2html271"
270  HREF="node36.html#SECTION04361000000000000000">Coulomb Scattering</A>
271<LI><A NAME="tex2html272"
272  HREF="node36.html#SECTION04362000000000000000">Implementation Details</A>
273<LI><A NAME="tex2html273"
274  HREF="node36.html#SECTION04363000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
275<LI><A NAME="tex2html274"
276  HREF="node36.html#SECTION04364000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
277</UL>
278<LI><A NAME="tex2html275"
279  HREF="node37.html">Ion Scattering</A>
280<UL>
281<LI><A NAME="tex2html276"
282  HREF="node37.html#SECTION04371000000000000000">Method</A>
283<LI><A NAME="tex2html277"
284  HREF="node37.html#SECTION04372000000000000000">Implementation Details</A>
285<LI><A NAME="tex2html278"
286  HREF="node37.html#SECTION04373000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
287<LI><A NAME="tex2html279"
288  HREF="node37.html#SECTION04374000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
289</UL>
290<LI><A NAME="tex2html280"
291  HREF="node38.html">Transition radiation</A>
292<UL>
293<LI><A NAME="tex2html281"
294  HREF="node38.html#SECTION04381000000000000000">The Relationship of Transition Radiation to X-ray Cherenkov Radiation</A>
295<LI><A NAME="tex2html282"
296  HREF="node38.html#SECTION04382000000000000000">Calculating the X-ray Transition Radiation Yield</A>
297<LI><A NAME="tex2html283"
298  HREF="node38.html#SECTION04383000000000000000">Simulating X-ray Transition Radiation Production</A>
299<LI><A NAME="tex2html284"
300  HREF="node38.html#SECTION04384000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
301<LI><A NAME="tex2html285"
302  HREF="node38.html#SECTION04385000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
303</UL>
304<LI><A NAME="tex2html286"
305  HREF="node39.html">Scintillation</A>
306<UL>
307<LI><A NAME="tex2html287"
308  HREF="node39.html#SECTION04391000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
309</UL>
310<LI><A NAME="tex2html288"
311  HREF="node40.html">Cerenkov Effect</A>
312<UL>
313<LI><A NAME="tex2html289"
314  HREF="node40.html#SECTION043101000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
315<LI><A NAME="tex2html290"
316  HREF="node40.html#SECTION043102000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
317</UL>
318<LI><A NAME="tex2html291"
319  HREF="node41.html">Photoabsorption Ionization Model</A>
320<UL>
321<LI><A NAME="tex2html292"
322  HREF="node41.html#SECTION043111000000000000000">Cross Section for Ionizing Collisions</A>
323<LI><A NAME="tex2html293"
324  HREF="node41.html#SECTION043112000000000000000">Energy Loss Simulation</A>
325<LI><A NAME="tex2html294"
326  HREF="node41.html#SECTION043113000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
327<LI><A NAME="tex2html295"
328  HREF="node41.html#SECTION043114000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
329</UL>
330<LI><A NAME="tex2html296"
331  HREF="node42.html">Photoabsorption Cross Section at Low Energies</A>
332<UL>
333<LI><A NAME="tex2html297"
334  HREF="node42.html#SECTION043121000000000000000">Method</A>
335<LI><A NAME="tex2html298"
336  HREF="node42.html#SECTION043122000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
337<LI><A NAME="tex2html299"
338  HREF="node42.html#SECTION043123000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
339</UL>
340</UL>
341<LI><A NAME="tex2html300"
342  HREF="node43.html">Electron and Positron Incident</A>
343<UL>
344<LI><A NAME="tex2html301"
345  HREF="node44.html">Ionization</A>
346<UL>
347<LI><A NAME="tex2html302"
348  HREF="node44.html#SECTION04411000000000000000">Method</A>
349<LI><A NAME="tex2html303"
350  HREF="node44.html#SECTION04412000000000000000">Continuous Energy Loss</A>
351<LI><A NAME="tex2html304"
352  HREF="node44.html#SECTION04413000000000000000">Total Cross Section per Atom and Mean Free Path </A>
353<LI><A NAME="tex2html305"
354  HREF="node44.html#SECTION04414000000000000000">Simulation of Delta-ray Production</A>
355<LI><A NAME="tex2html306"
356  HREF="node44.html#SECTION04415000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
357<LI><A NAME="tex2html307"
358  HREF="node44.html#SECTION04416000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
359</UL>
360<LI><A NAME="tex2html308"
361  HREF="node45.html">Bremsstrahlung</A>
362<UL>
363<LI><A NAME="tex2html309"
364  HREF="node45.html#SECTION04421000000000000000">Cross Section and Energy Loss</A>
365<LI><A NAME="tex2html310"
366  HREF="node45.html#SECTION04422000000000000000">Simulation of Discrete Bremsstrahlung</A>
367<LI><A NAME="tex2html311"
368  HREF="node45.html#SECTION04423000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
369<LI><A NAME="tex2html312"
370  HREF="node45.html#SECTION04424000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
371</UL>
372<LI><A NAME="tex2html313"
373  HREF="node46.html">Positron - Electron Annihilation</A>
374<UL>
375<LI><A NAME="tex2html314"
376  HREF="node46.html#SECTION04431000000000000000">Introduction</A>
377<LI><A NAME="tex2html315"
378  HREF="node46.html#SECTION04432000000000000000">Cross Section and Mean Free Path</A>
379<LI><A NAME="tex2html316"
380  HREF="node46.html#SECTION04433000000000000000">Sampling the final state</A>
381<LI><A NAME="tex2html317"
382  HREF="node46.html#SECTION04434000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
383<LI><A NAME="tex2html318"
384  HREF="node46.html#SECTION04435000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
385</UL>
386<LI><A NAME="tex2html319"
387  HREF="node47.html">Positron - Electron Annihilation into Muon - Anti-muon</A>
388<UL>
389<LI><A NAME="tex2html320"
390  HREF="node47.html#SECTION04441000000000000000">Total Cross Section</A>
391<LI><A NAME="tex2html321"
392  HREF="node47.html#SECTION04442000000000000000">Sampling of Energies and Angles</A>
393<LI><A NAME="tex2html322"
394  HREF="node47.html#SECTION04444000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
395<LI><A NAME="tex2html323"
396  HREF="node47.html#SECTION04445000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
397</UL>
398<LI><A NAME="tex2html324"
399  HREF="node48.html">Positron - Electron Annihilation into Hadrons</A>
400<UL>
401<LI><A NAME="tex2html325"
402  HREF="node48.html#SECTION04451000000000000000">Introduction</A>
403<LI><A NAME="tex2html326"
404  HREF="node48.html#SECTION04452000000000000000">Cross Section and Mean Free Path</A>
405<LI><A NAME="tex2html327"
406  HREF="node48.html#SECTION04453000000000000000">Sampling the final state</A>
407<LI><A NAME="tex2html328"
408  HREF="node48.html#SECTION04454000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
409<LI><A NAME="tex2html329"
410  HREF="node48.html#SECTION04455000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
411</UL>
412<LI><A NAME="tex2html330"
413  HREF="node49.html">Synchrotron Radiation</A>
414<UL>
415<LI><A NAME="tex2html331"
416  HREF="node49.html#SECTION04461000000000000000">Photon spectrum</A>
417<LI><A NAME="tex2html332"
418  HREF="node49.html#SECTION04462000000000000000">Validity</A>
419<LI><A NAME="tex2html333"
420  HREF="node49.html#SECTION04463000000000000000">Direct inversion and generation of the photon energy spectrum</A>
421<LI><A NAME="tex2html334"
422  HREF="node49.html#SECTION04464000000000000000">Properties of the photon energy and power spectra</A>
423<LI><A NAME="tex2html335"
424  HREF="node49.html#SECTION04465000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
425<LI><A NAME="tex2html336"
426  HREF="node49.html#SECTION04466000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
427</UL>
428</UL>
429<LI><A NAME="tex2html337"
430  HREF="node50.html">Charged Hadron Incident</A>
431<UL>
432<LI><A NAME="tex2html338"
433  HREF="node51.html">Hadron and Ion Ionization</A>
434<UL>
435<LI><A NAME="tex2html339"
436  HREF="node51.html#SECTION04511000000000000000">Method</A>
437<LI><A NAME="tex2html340"
438  HREF="node51.html#SECTION04512000000000000000">Continuous Energy Loss</A>
439<LI><A NAME="tex2html341"
440  HREF="node51.html#SECTION04513000000000000000">Total Cross Section per Atom and Mean Free Path</A>
441<LI><A NAME="tex2html342"
442  HREF="node51.html#SECTION04514000000000000000">Simulating Delta-ray Production</A>
443<LI><A NAME="tex2html343"
444  HREF="node51.html#SECTION04515000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
445<LI><A NAME="tex2html344"
446  HREF="node51.html#SECTION04516000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
447</UL>
448</UL>
449<LI><A NAME="tex2html345"
450  HREF="node52.html">Muon Incident</A>
451<UL>
452<LI><A NAME="tex2html346"
453  HREF="node53.html">Muon Ionization</A>
454<UL>
455<LI><A NAME="tex2html347"
456  HREF="node53.html#SECTION04611000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
457<LI><A NAME="tex2html348"
458  HREF="node53.html#SECTION04612000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
459</UL>
460<LI><A NAME="tex2html349"
461  HREF="node54.html">Bremsstrahlung</A>
462<UL>
463<LI><A NAME="tex2html350"
464  HREF="node54.html#SECTION04621000000000000000">Differential Cross Section</A>
465<LI><A NAME="tex2html351"
466  HREF="node54.html#SECTION04622000000000000000">Continuous Energy Loss</A>
467<LI><A NAME="tex2html352"
468  HREF="node54.html#SECTION04623000000000000000">Total Cross Section</A>
469<LI><A NAME="tex2html353"
470  HREF="node54.html#SECTION04624000000000000000">Sampling</A>
471<LI><A NAME="tex2html354"
472  HREF="node54.html#SECTION04625000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
473<LI><A NAME="tex2html355"
474  HREF="node54.html#SECTION04626000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
475</UL>
476<LI><A NAME="tex2html356"
477  HREF="node55.html">Positron - Electron Pair Production by Muons</A>
478<UL>
479<LI><A NAME="tex2html357"
480  HREF="node55.html#SECTION04631000000000000000">Differential Cross Section</A>
481<LI><A NAME="tex2html358"
482  HREF="node55.html#SECTION04632000000000000000">Total Cross Section and Restricted Energy Loss</A>
483<LI><A NAME="tex2html359"
484  HREF="node55.html#SECTION04633000000000000000">Sampling of Positron - Electron Pair Production</A>
485<LI><A NAME="tex2html360"
486  HREF="node55.html#SECTION04634000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
487<LI><A NAME="tex2html361"
488  HREF="node55.html#SECTION04635000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
489</UL>
490<LI><A NAME="tex2html362"
491  HREF="node56.html">Muon Photonuclear Interaction</A>
492<UL>
493<LI><A NAME="tex2html363"
494  HREF="node56.html#SECTION04641000000000000000">Differential Cross Section</A>
495<LI><A NAME="tex2html364"
496  HREF="node56.html#SECTION04642000000000000000">Sampling</A>
497<LI><A NAME="tex2html365"
498  HREF="node56.html#SECTION04643000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
499<LI><A NAME="tex2html366"
500  HREF="node56.html#SECTION04644000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
501</UL>
502</UL>
503<LI><A NAME="tex2html367"
504  HREF="node57.html">Polarized Electron/Positron/Gamma Incident</A>
505<UL>
506<LI><A NAME="tex2html368"
507  HREF="node58.html">Introduction</A>
508<UL>
509<LI><A NAME="tex2html369"
510  HREF="node58.html#SECTION04711000000000000000">Stokes vector</A>
511<LI><A NAME="tex2html370"
512  HREF="node58.html#SECTION04712000000000000000">Transfer matrix</A>
513<LI><A NAME="tex2html371"
514  HREF="node58.html#SECTION04713000000000000000">Coordinate transformations</A>
515<LI><A NAME="tex2html372"
516  HREF="node58.html#SECTION04714000000000000000">Polarized beam and material</A>
517<LI><A NAME="tex2html373"
518  HREF="node58.html#SECTION04715000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
519</UL>
520<LI><A NAME="tex2html374"
521  HREF="node59.html">Ionization</A>
522<UL>
523<LI><A NAME="tex2html375"
524  HREF="node59.html#SECTION04721000000000000000">Method</A>
525<LI><A NAME="tex2html376"
526  HREF="node59.html#SECTION04722000000000000000">Total cross section and mean free path</A>
527<LI><A NAME="tex2html377"
528  HREF="node59.html#SECTION04723000000000000000">Sampling the final state</A>
529<LI><A NAME="tex2html378"
530  HREF="node59.html#SECTION04724000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
531<LI><A NAME="tex2html379"
532  HREF="node59.html#SECTION04725000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
533</UL>
534<LI><A NAME="tex2html380"
535  HREF="node60.html">Positron - Electron Annihilation</A>
536<UL>
537<LI><A NAME="tex2html381"
538  HREF="node60.html#SECTION04731000000000000000">Method</A>
539<LI><A NAME="tex2html382"
540  HREF="node60.html#SECTION04732000000000000000">Total cross section and mean free path</A>
541<LI><A NAME="tex2html383"
542  HREF="node60.html#SECTION04733000000000000000">Sampling the final state</A>
543<LI><A NAME="tex2html384"
544  HREF="node60.html#SECTION04734000000000000000">Annihilation at Rest</A>
545<LI><A NAME="tex2html385"
546  HREF="node60.html#SECTION04735000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
547<LI><A NAME="tex2html386"
548  HREF="node60.html#SECTION04736000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
549</UL>
550<LI><A NAME="tex2html387"
551  HREF="node61.html">Polarized Compton scattering</A>
552<UL>
553<LI><A NAME="tex2html388"
554  HREF="node61.html#SECTION04741000000000000000">Method</A>
555<LI><A NAME="tex2html389"
556  HREF="node61.html#SECTION04742000000000000000">Total cross section and mean free path</A>
557<LI><A NAME="tex2html390"
558  HREF="node61.html#SECTION04743000000000000000">Sampling the final state</A>
559<LI><A NAME="tex2html391"
560  HREF="node61.html#SECTION04744000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
561<LI><A NAME="tex2html392"
562  HREF="node61.html#SECTION04745000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
563</UL>
564<LI><A NAME="tex2html393"
565  HREF="node62.html">Polarized Bremsstrahlung for electron and positron</A>
566<UL>
567<LI><A NAME="tex2html394"
568  HREF="node62.html#SECTION04751000000000000000">Method</A>
569<LI><A NAME="tex2html395"
570  HREF="node62.html#SECTION04752000000000000000">Polarization in gamma conversion and bremsstrahlung</A>
571<LI><A NAME="tex2html396"
572  HREF="node62.html#SECTION04753000000000000000">Polarization transfer from the lepton to a photon</A>
573<LI><A NAME="tex2html397"
574  HREF="node62.html#SECTION04754000000000000000">Remaining polarization of the lepton after emitting a bremsstrahlung photon</A>
575<LI><A NAME="tex2html398"
576  HREF="node62.html#SECTION04755000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
577<LI><A NAME="tex2html399"
578  HREF="node62.html#SECTION04756000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
579</UL>
580<LI><A NAME="tex2html400"
581  HREF="node63.html">Polarized Gamma conversion into an electron-positron pair</A>
582<UL>
583<LI><A NAME="tex2html401"
584  HREF="node63.html#SECTION04761000000000000000">Method</A>
585<LI><A NAME="tex2html402"
586  HREF="node63.html#SECTION04762000000000000000">Polarization transfer from the photon to the two leptons</A>
587<LI><A NAME="tex2html403"
588  HREF="node63.html#SECTION04763000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
589<LI><A NAME="tex2html404"
590  HREF="node63.html#SECTION04764000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
591</UL>
592<LI><A NAME="tex2html405"
593  HREF="node64.html">Polarized Photoelectric Effect</A>
594<UL>
595<LI><A NAME="tex2html406"
596  HREF="node64.html#SECTION04771000000000000000">Method</A>
597<LI><A NAME="tex2html407"
598  HREF="node64.html#SECTION04772000000000000000">Polarization transfer</A>
599<LI><A NAME="tex2html408"
600  HREF="node64.html#SECTION04773000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
601<LI><A NAME="tex2html409"
602  HREF="node64.html#SECTION04774000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
603</UL>
604</UL>
605<LI><A NAME="tex2html410"
606  HREF="node65.html">Low Energy Extensions</A>
607<UL>
608<LI><A NAME="tex2html411"
609  HREF="node66.html">Introduction</A>
610<UL>
611<LI><A NAME="tex2html412"
612  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04811000000000000000">Physics</A>
613<LI><A NAME="tex2html413"
614  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04812000000000000000">Data Sources</A>
615<LI><A NAME="tex2html414"
616  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04813000000000000000">Distribution of the Data Sets</A>
617<LI><A NAME="tex2html415"
618  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04814000000000000000">Calculation of Total Cross Sections</A>
619<LI><A NAME="tex2html416"
620  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04815000000000000000">Sampling of Relevant Physics Quantities</A>
621<LI><A NAME="tex2html417"
622  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04816000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
623<LI><A NAME="tex2html418"
624  HREF="node66.html#SECTION04817000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
625</UL>
626<LI><A NAME="tex2html419"
627  HREF="node67.html">Compton Scattering</A>
628<UL>
629<LI><A NAME="tex2html420"
630  HREF="node67.html#SECTION04821000000000000000">Total Cross Section</A>
631<LI><A NAME="tex2html421"
632  HREF="node67.html#SECTION04822000000000000000">Sampling of the Final State</A>
633<LI><A NAME="tex2html422"
634  HREF="node67.html#SECTION04823000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
635<LI><A NAME="tex2html423"
636  HREF="node67.html#SECTION04824000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
637</UL>
638<LI><A NAME="tex2html424"
639  HREF="node68.html">Compton Scattering by Linearly Polarized Gamma Rays</A>
640<UL>
641<LI><A NAME="tex2html425"
642  HREF="node68.html#SECTION04831000000000000000">The Cross Section</A>
643<LI><A NAME="tex2html426"
644  HREF="node68.html#SECTION04832000000000000000">Angular Distribution</A>
645<LI><A NAME="tex2html427"
646  HREF="node68.html#SECTION04833000000000000000">Polarization Vector</A>
647<LI><A NAME="tex2html428"
648  HREF="node68.html#SECTION04834000000000000000">Unpolarized Photons</A>
649<LI><A NAME="tex2html429"
650  HREF="node68.html#SECTION04835000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
651<LI><A NAME="tex2html430"
652  HREF="node68.html#SECTION04836000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
653</UL>
654<LI><A NAME="tex2html431"
655  HREF="node69.html">Rayleigh Scattering</A>
656<UL>
657<LI><A NAME="tex2html432"
658  HREF="node69.html#SECTION04841000000000000000">Total Cross Section</A>
659<LI><A NAME="tex2html433"
660  HREF="node69.html#SECTION04842000000000000000">Sampling of the Final State</A>
661<LI><A NAME="tex2html434"
662  HREF="node69.html#SECTION04843000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
663<LI><A NAME="tex2html435"
664  HREF="node69.html#SECTION04844000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
665</UL>
666<LI><A NAME="tex2html436"
667  HREF="node70.html">Gamma Conversion</A>
668<UL>
669<LI><A NAME="tex2html437"
670  HREF="node70.html#SECTION04851000000000000000">Total cross-section</A>
671<LI><A NAME="tex2html438"
672  HREF="node70.html#SECTION04852000000000000000">Sampling of the final state</A>
673<LI><A NAME="tex2html439"
674  HREF="node70.html#SECTION04853000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
675<LI><A NAME="tex2html440"
676  HREF="node70.html#SECTION04854000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
677</UL>
678<LI><A NAME="tex2html441"
679  HREF="node71.html">Photoelectric effect</A>
680<UL>
681<LI><A NAME="tex2html442"
682  HREF="node71.html#SECTION04861000000000000000">Total cross-section</A>
683<LI><A NAME="tex2html443"
684  HREF="node71.html#SECTION04862000000000000000">Sampling of the final state</A>
685<LI><A NAME="tex2html444"
686  HREF="node71.html#SECTION04863000000000000000">Angular distribution of the emmited photoelectron</A>
687<LI><A NAME="tex2html445"
688  HREF="node71.html#SECTION04864000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
689<LI><A NAME="tex2html446"
690  HREF="node71.html#SECTION04865000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
691</UL>
692<LI><A NAME="tex2html447"
693  HREF="node72.html">Bremsstrahlung</A>
694<UL>
695<LI><A NAME="tex2html448"
696  HREF="node72.html#SECTION04871000000000000000">Bremsstrahlung angular distributions</A>
697<LI><A NAME="tex2html449"
698  HREF="node72.html#SECTION04872000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
699<LI><A NAME="tex2html450"
700  HREF="node72.html#SECTION04873000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
701</UL>
702<LI><A NAME="tex2html451"
703  HREF="node73.html">Electron ionisation</A>
704<UL>
705<LI><A NAME="tex2html452"
706  HREF="node73.html#SECTION04881000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
707<LI><A NAME="tex2html453"
708  HREF="node73.html#SECTION04882000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
709</UL>
710<LI><A NAME="tex2html454"
711  HREF="node74.html">Atomic relaxation</A>
712<UL>
713<LI><A NAME="tex2html455"
714  HREF="node74.html#SECTION04891000000000000000">Fluorescence</A>
715<LI><A NAME="tex2html456"
716  HREF="node74.html#SECTION04892000000000000000">Auger process</A>
717<LI><A NAME="tex2html457"
718  HREF="node74.html#SECTION04893000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
719<LI><A NAME="tex2html458"
720  HREF="node74.html#SECTION04894000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
721</UL>
722<LI><A NAME="tex2html459"
723  HREF="node75.html">Hadron and Ion Ionisation</A>
724<UL>
725<LI><A NAME="tex2html460"
726  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048101000000000000000">Delta-ray production</A>
727<LI><A NAME="tex2html461"
728  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048102000000000000000">Energy Loss of Fast Hadrons</A>
729<LI><A NAME="tex2html462"
730  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048103000000000000000">Barkas and Bloch effects</A>
731<LI><A NAME="tex2html463"
732  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048104000000000000000">Energy losses of slow positive hadrons</A>
733<LI><A NAME="tex2html464"
734  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048105000000000000000">Energy loss of alpha particles</A>
735<LI><A NAME="tex2html465"
736  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048106000000000000000">Effective charge of ions</A>
737<LI><A NAME="tex2html466"
738  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048107000000000000000">Energy losses of slow negative particles</A>
739<LI><A NAME="tex2html467"
740  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048108000000000000000">Energy losses of hadrons in compounds</A>
741<LI><A NAME="tex2html468"
742  HREF="node75.html#SECTION048109000000000000000">Nuclear stopping powers</A>
743<LI><A NAME="tex2html469"
744  HREF="node75.html#SECTION0481010000000000000000">Fluctuations of energy losses of hadrons</A>
745<LI><A NAME="tex2html470"
746  HREF="node75.html#SECTION0481011000000000000000">Sampling</A>
747<LI><A NAME="tex2html471"
748  HREF="node75.html#SECTION0481012000000000000000">PIXE</A>
749<LI><A NAME="tex2html472"
750  HREF="node75.html#SECTION0481013000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
751<LI><A NAME="tex2html473"
752  HREF="node75.html#SECTION0481014000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
753</UL>
754<LI><A NAME="tex2html474"
755  HREF="node76.html">Penelope physics</A>
756<UL>
757<LI><A NAME="tex2html475"
758  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048111000000000000000">Introduction</A>
759<LI><A NAME="tex2html476"
760  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048112000000000000000">Compton scattering</A>
761<LI><A NAME="tex2html477"
762  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048113000000000000000">Rayleigh scattering</A>
763<LI><A NAME="tex2html478"
764  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048114000000000000000">Gamma conversion</A>
765<LI><A NAME="tex2html479"
766  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048115000000000000000">Photoelectric effect</A>
767<LI><A NAME="tex2html480"
768  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048116000000000000000">Bremsstrahlung</A>
769<LI><A NAME="tex2html481"
770  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048117000000000000000">Ionisation</A>
771<LI><A NAME="tex2html482"
772  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048118000000000000000">Positron Annihilation</A>
773<LI><A NAME="tex2html483"
774  HREF="node76.html#SECTION048119000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
775<LI><A NAME="tex2html484"
776  HREF="node76.html#SECTION0481110000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
777</UL>
778<LI><A NAME="tex2html485"
779  HREF="node77.html">Very Low Energy Extensions (the Geant4 DNA project)</A>
780<UL>
781<LI><A NAME="tex2html486"
782  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048121000000000000000">Introduction</A>
783<LI><A NAME="tex2html487"
784  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048122000000000000000">Processes for the interactions of electrons</A>
785<LI><A NAME="tex2html488"
786  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048123000000000000000">Processes for the interaction of protons</A>
787<LI><A NAME="tex2html489"
788  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048124000000000000000">Processes for the interaction of hydrogen</A>
789<LI><A NAME="tex2html490"
790  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048125000000000000000">Processes for the interaction of helium ions</A>
791<LI><A NAME="tex2html491"
792  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048126000000000000000">Status of the document</A>
793<LI><A NAME="tex2html492"
794  HREF="node77.html#SECTION048127000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
795</UL>
796</UL>
797<LI><A NAME="tex2html493"
798  HREF="node78.html">Optical Photons</A>
799<UL>
800<LI><A NAME="tex2html494"
801  HREF="node79.html">Interactions of optical photons</A>
802<UL>
803<LI><A NAME="tex2html495"
804  HREF="node79.html#SECTION04911000000000000000">Physics processes for optical photons</A>
805<LI><A NAME="tex2html496"
806  HREF="node79.html#SECTION04912000000000000000">Photon polarization</A>
807<LI><A NAME="tex2html497"
808  HREF="node79.html#SECTION04913000000000000000">Tracking of the photons</A>
809<LI><A NAME="tex2html498"
810  HREF="node79.html#SECTION04914000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
811</UL>
812</UL>
813<LI><A NAME="tex2html499"
814  HREF="node80.html">Shower Parameterizations</A>
815<UL>
816<LI><A NAME="tex2html500"
817  HREF="node81.html">Gflash Shower Parameterizations</A>
818<UL>
819<LI><A NAME="tex2html501"
820  HREF="node81.html#SECTION041011000000000000000">Parameterization Ansatz</A>
821<LI><A NAME="tex2html502"
822  HREF="node81.html#SECTION041012000000000000000">Longitudinal Shower Profiles </A>
823<LI><A NAME="tex2html503"
824  HREF="node81.html#SECTION041013000000000000000">Radial Shower Profiles</A>
825<LI><A NAME="tex2html504"
826  HREF="node81.html#SECTION041014000000000000000">Gflash Performance</A>
827<LI><A NAME="tex2html505"
828  HREF="node81.html#SECTION041015000000000000000">Status of this document</A>
829<LI><A NAME="tex2html506"
830  HREF="node81.html#SECTION041016000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
831</UL>
832</UL>
833</UL>
834<BR>
835<LI><A NAME="tex2html507"
836  HREF="node82.html">Hadronic Interactions</A>
837<UL>
838<LI><A NAME="tex2html508"
839  HREF="node83.html">Lepton Hadron Interactions</A>
840<UL>
841<LI><A NAME="tex2html509"
842  HREF="node84.html">G4MuonNucleusProcess</A>
843<UL>
844<LI><A NAME="tex2html510"
845  HREF="node84.html#SECTION05111000000000000000">Cross Section Calculation</A>
846</UL>
847<LI><A NAME="tex2html511"
848  HREF="node85.html">Status of this document</A>
849<LI><A NAME="tex2html512"
850  HREF="node86.html">Bibliography</A>
851</UL>
852<LI><A NAME="tex2html513"
853  HREF="node87.html">Cross-sections in Photonuclear and Electronuclear Reactions</A>
854<UL>
855<LI><A NAME="tex2html514"
856  HREF="node88.html">Approximation of Photonuclear Cross Sections.</A>
857<LI><A NAME="tex2html515"
858  HREF="node89.html">Electronuclear Cross Sections and Reactions</A>
859<UL>
860<LI><A NAME="tex2html516"
861  HREF="node89.html#SECTION05221000000000000000">Common Notation for Different Approaches to Electronuclear Reactions</A>
862</UL>
863<LI><A NAME="tex2html517"
864  HREF="node90.html">Status of this document</A>
865<LI><A NAME="tex2html518"
866  HREF="node91.html">Bibliography</A>
867</UL>
868<LI><A NAME="tex2html519"
869  HREF="node92.html">Total Reaction Cross Section in Nucleus-nucleus Reactions</A>
870<UL>
871<LI><A NAME="tex2html520"
872  HREF="node93.html">Sihver Formula</A>
873<LI><A NAME="tex2html521"
874  HREF="node94.html">Kox and Shen Formulae</A>
875<LI><A NAME="tex2html522"
876  HREF="node95.html">Tripathi formula</A>
877<LI><A NAME="tex2html523"
878  HREF="node96.html">Representative Cross Sections</A>
879<LI><A NAME="tex2html524"
880  HREF="node97.html">Tripathi Formula for "light" Systems</A>
881<LI><A NAME="tex2html525"
882  HREF="node98.html">Status of this document</A>
883<LI><A NAME="tex2html526"
884  HREF="node99.html">Bibliography</A>
885</UL>
886<LI><A NAME="tex2html527"
887  HREF="node100.html">Coherent elastic scattering</A>
888<UL>
889<LI><A NAME="tex2html528"
890  HREF="node101.html">Nucleon-Nucleon elastic Scattering</A>
891</UL>
892<LI><A NAME="tex2html529"
893  HREF="node102.html">Hadron-nucleus Elastic Scattering at Medium and High Energy</A>
894<UL>
895<LI><A NAME="tex2html530"
896  HREF="node103.html">Method of Calculation</A>
897<LI><A NAME="tex2html531"
898  HREF="node104.html">Status of this document</A>
899<LI><A NAME="tex2html532"
900  HREF="node105.html">Bibliography</A>
901</UL>
902<LI><A NAME="tex2html533"
903  HREF="node106.html">Interactions of Stopping Particles</A>
904<UL>
905<LI><A NAME="tex2html534"
906  HREF="node107.html">Complementary parameterised and theoretical treatment</A>
907<UL>
908<LI><A NAME="tex2html535"
909  HREF="node107.html#SECTION05611000000000000000">Pion absorption at rest</A>
910<LI><A NAME="tex2html536"
911  HREF="node107.html#SECTION05612000000000000000">Bibliography</A>
912</UL>
913</UL>
914<LI><A NAME="tex2html537"
915  HREF="node108.html">Parametrization Driven Models</A>
916<UL>
917<LI><A NAME="tex2html538"
918  HREF="node109.html">Introduction</A>
919<LI><A NAME="tex2html539"
920  HREF="node110.html">Low Energy Model</A>
921<LI><A NAME="tex2html540"
922  HREF="node111.html">High Energy Model</A>
923<UL>
924<LI><A NAME="tex2html541"
925  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05731000000000000000">Initial Interaction</A>
926<LI><A NAME="tex2html542"
927  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05732000000000000000">Intra-nuclear Cascade</A>
928<LI><A NAME="tex2html543"
929  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05733000000000000000">High Energy Cascading</A>
930<LI><A NAME="tex2html544"
931  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05734000000000000000">High Energy Cluster Production</A>
932<LI><A NAME="tex2html545"
933  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05735000000000000000">Medium Energy Cascading</A>
934<LI><A NAME="tex2html546"
935  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05736000000000000000">Medium Energy Cluster Production</A>
936<LI><A NAME="tex2html547"
937  HREF="node111.html#SECTION05737000000000000000">Elastic and Quasi-elastic Scattering</A>
938</UL>
939<LI><A NAME="tex2html548"
940  HREF="node112.html">Status of this document</A>
941</UL>
942<LI><A NAME="tex2html549"
943  HREF="node113.html">Leading Particle Bias</A>
944<UL>
945<LI><A NAME="tex2html550"
946  HREF="node114.html">Overview</A>
947<LI><A NAME="tex2html551"
948  HREF="node115.html">Method</A>
949<UL>
950<LI><A NAME="tex2html552"
951  HREF="node115.html#SECTION05821000000000000000">Inclusive hadron production</A>
952<LI><A NAME="tex2html553"
953  HREF="node115.html#SECTION05822000000000000000">Sampling of energy and emission angle of the secondary</A>
954<LI><A NAME="tex2html554"
955  HREF="node115.html#SECTION05823000000000000000">Sampling statistical weight</A>
956</UL>
957<LI><A NAME="tex2html555"
958  HREF="node116.html">Status of this document</A>
959<LI><A NAME="tex2html556"
960  HREF="node117.html">Bibliography</A>
961</UL>
962<LI><A NAME="tex2html557"
963  HREF="node118.html">Parton string model.</A>
964<UL>
965<LI><A NAME="tex2html558"
966  HREF="node119.html">Reaction initial state simulation.</A>
967<UL>
968<LI><A NAME="tex2html559"
969  HREF="node119.html#SECTION05911000000000000000">Allowed projectiles and bombarding energy range for interaction with nucleon and nuclear targets</A>
970<LI><A NAME="tex2html560"
971  HREF="node119.html#SECTION05912000000000000000">MC initialization procedure for nucleus.</A>
972<LI><A NAME="tex2html561"
973  HREF="node119.html#SECTION05913000000000000000">Random choice of the impact parameter.</A>
974</UL>
975<LI><A NAME="tex2html562"
976  HREF="node120.html">Sample of collision participants
977in nuclear collisions.</A>
978<UL>
979<LI><A NAME="tex2html563"
980  HREF="node120.html#SECTION05921000000000000000">MC procedure to define collision participants.</A>
981<LI><A NAME="tex2html564"
982  HREF="node120.html#SECTION05922000000000000000">Separation of hadron diffraction excitation.</A>
983</UL>
984<LI><A NAME="tex2html565"
985  HREF="node121.html">Longitudinal string excitation</A>
986<UL>
987<LI><A NAME="tex2html566"
988  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05931000000000000000">Hadron-nucleon inelastic collision</A>
989<LI><A NAME="tex2html567"
990  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05932000000000000000">The diffractive string excitation</A>
991<LI><A NAME="tex2html568"
992  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05933000000000000000">The string excitation by parton exchange</A>
993<LI><A NAME="tex2html569"
994  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05934000000000000000">Transverse momentum sampling</A>
995<LI><A NAME="tex2html570"
996  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05935000000000000000">Sampling x-plus and x-minus</A>
997<LI><A NAME="tex2html571"
998  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05936000000000000000">The diffractive string excitation</A>
999<LI><A NAME="tex2html572"
1000  HREF="node121.html#SECTION05937000000000000000">The string excitation by parton rearrangement</A>
1001</UL>
1002<LI><A NAME="tex2html573"
1003  HREF="node122.html">Longitudinal string decay.</A>
1004<UL>
1005<LI><A NAME="tex2html574"
1006  HREF="node122.html#SECTION05941000000000000000">Hadron production by string fragmentation.</A>
1007<LI><A NAME="tex2html575"
1008  HREF="node122.html#SECTION05942000000000000000">The hadron formation time and coordinate.</A>
1009</UL>
1010<LI><A NAME="tex2html576"
1011  HREF="node123.html">Status of this document</A>
1012<LI><A NAME="tex2html577"
1013  HREF="node124.html">Bibliography</A>
1014</UL>
1015<LI><A NAME="tex2html578"
1016  HREF="node125.html">Chiral Invariant Phase Space Decay.</A>
1017<UL>
1018<LI><A NAME="tex2html579"
1019  HREF="node126.html">Introduction</A>
1020<LI><A NAME="tex2html580"
1021  HREF="node127.html">Fundamental Concepts</A>
1022<LI><A NAME="tex2html581"
1023  HREF="node128.html">Code Development</A>
1024<LI><A NAME="tex2html582"
1025  HREF="node129.html">Nucleon-Antinucleon Annihilation at Rest</A>
1026<UL>
1027<LI><A NAME="tex2html583"
1028  HREF="node129.html#SECTION051041000000000000000">Meson Production</A>
1029<LI><A NAME="tex2html584"
1030  HREF="node129.html#SECTION051042000000000000000">Baryon Production</A>
1031</UL>
1032<LI><A NAME="tex2html585"
1033  HREF="node130.html">Nuclear Pion Capture at Rest and Photonuclear Reactions Below the Delta(3,3) Resonance</A>
1034<LI><A NAME="tex2html586"
1035  HREF="node131.html">Modeling of real and virtual photon interactions with nuclei below pion production threshold</A>
1036<LI><A NAME="tex2html587"
1037  HREF="node132.html">Chiral invariant phase-space decay in high energy hadron nuclear reactions</A>
1038<LI><A NAME="tex2html588"
1039  HREF="node133.html">Neutrino-nuclear interactions</A>
1040<LI><A NAME="tex2html589"
1041  HREF="node134.html">Conclusion.</A>
1042<LI><A NAME="tex2html590"
1043  HREF="node135.html">Status of this document</A>
1044<LI><A NAME="tex2html591"
1045  HREF="node136.html">Bibliography</A>
1046</UL>
1047<LI><A NAME="tex2html592"
1048  HREF="node137.html">Bertini Intranuclear Cascade Model in GEANT4 </A>
1049<UL>
1050<LI><A NAME="tex2html593"
1051  HREF="node138.html">Introduction</A>
1052<LI><A NAME="tex2html594"
1053  HREF="node139.html">The Geant4 Cascade Model</A>
1054<UL>
1055<LI><A NAME="tex2html595"
1056  HREF="node139.html#SECTION051121000000000000000">Model Limits</A>
1057<LI><A NAME="tex2html596"
1058  HREF="node139.html#SECTION051122000000000000000">Intranuclear Cascade Model</A>
1059<LI><A NAME="tex2html597"
1060  HREF="node139.html#SECTION051123000000000000000">Nuclear Model</A>
1061<LI><A NAME="tex2html598"
1062  HREF="node139.html#SECTION051124000000000000000">Pre-equilibrium Model</A>
1063<LI><A NAME="tex2html599"
1064  HREF="node139.html#SECTION051125000000000000000">Break-up models</A>
1065<LI><A NAME="tex2html600"
1066  HREF="node139.html#SECTION051126000000000000000">Evaporation Model</A>
1067</UL>
1068<LI><A NAME="tex2html601"
1069  HREF="node140.html">Interfacing Bertini implementation</A>
1070<LI><A NAME="tex2html602"
1071  HREF="node141.html">Status of this document</A>
1072<LI><A NAME="tex2html603"
1073  HREF="node142.html">Bibliography</A>
1074</UL>
1075<LI><A NAME="tex2html604"
1076  HREF="node143.html">The GEANT4 Binary Cascade</A>
1077<UL>
1078<LI><A NAME="tex2html605"
1079  HREF="node144.html">Modeling overview</A>
1080<UL>
1081<LI><A NAME="tex2html606"
1082  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051211000000000000000">The transport algorithm</A>
1083<LI><A NAME="tex2html607"
1084  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051212000000000000000">The description of the target nucleus and fermi motion</A>
1085<LI><A NAME="tex2html608"
1086  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051213000000000000000">Optical and phenomenological potentials </A>
1087<LI><A NAME="tex2html609"
1088  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051214000000000000000">Pauli blocking simulation</A>
1089<LI><A NAME="tex2html610"
1090  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051215000000000000000">The scattering term </A>
1091<LI><A NAME="tex2html611"
1092  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051216000000000000000">Total inclusive cross-sections </A>
1093<LI><A NAME="tex2html612"
1094  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051217000000000000000">Channel cross-sections</A>
1095<LI><A NAME="tex2html613"
1096  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051218000000000000000">Mass dependent resonance width and partial width</A>
1097<LI><A NAME="tex2html614"
1098  HREF="node144.html#SECTION051219000000000000000">Resonance production cross-section in the t-channel</A>
1099<LI><A NAME="tex2html615"
1100  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512110000000000000000">Nucleon Nucleon elastic collisions </A>
1101<LI><A NAME="tex2html616"
1102  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512111000000000000000">Generation of transverse momentum </A>
1103<LI><A NAME="tex2html617"
1104  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512112000000000000000">Decay</A>
1105<LI><A NAME="tex2html618"
1106  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512113000000000000000">The escaping particle and coherent effects</A>
1107<LI><A NAME="tex2html619"
1108  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512114000000000000000">Light ion reactions</A>
1109<LI><A NAME="tex2html620"
1110  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512115000000000000000">Transition to pre-compound modeling</A>
1111<LI><A NAME="tex2html621"
1112  HREF="node144.html#SECTION0512116000000000000000">Calculation of excitation energies and residuals</A>
1113</UL>
1114<LI><A NAME="tex2html622"
1115  HREF="node145.html">Comparison with experiments</A>
1116<LI><A NAME="tex2html623"
1117  HREF="node146.html">Bibliography</A>
1118</UL>
1119<LI><A NAME="tex2html624"
1120  HREF="node147.html">Abrasion-ablation Model</A>
1121<UL>
1122<LI><A NAME="tex2html625"
1123  HREF="node148.html">Introduction</A>
1124<LI><A NAME="tex2html626"
1125  HREF="node149.html">Initial nuclear dynamics and impact parameter</A>
1126<LI><A NAME="tex2html627"
1127  HREF="node150.html">Abrasion process</A>
1128<LI><A NAME="tex2html628"
1129  HREF="node151.html">Abraded nucleon spectrum</A>
1130<LI><A NAME="tex2html629"
1131  HREF="node152.html">De-excitation of the projectile and target nuclear pre-fragments by standard Geant4 de-excitation physics</A>
1132<LI><A NAME="tex2html630"
1133  HREF="node153.html">De-excitation of the projectile and target nuclear pre-fragments by nuclear ablation</A>
1134<LI><A NAME="tex2html631"
1135  HREF="node154.html">Definition of the functions P and F used in the abrasion model</A>
1136<LI><A NAME="tex2html632"
1137  HREF="node155.html">Status of this document</A>
1138<LI><A NAME="tex2html633"
1139  HREF="node156.html">Bibliography</A>
1140</UL>
1141<LI><A NAME="tex2html634"
1142  HREF="node157.html">Electromagnetic Dissociation Model</A>
1143<UL>
1144<LI><A NAME="tex2html635"
1145  HREF="node158.html">The Model</A>
1146<LI><A NAME="tex2html636"
1147  HREF="node159.html">Status of this document</A>
1148<LI><A NAME="tex2html637"
1149  HREF="node160.html">Bibliography</A>
1150</UL>
1151<LI><A NAME="tex2html638"
1152  HREF="node161.html">Precompound model.</A>
1153<UL>
1154<LI><A NAME="tex2html639"
1155  HREF="node162.html">Reaction initial state.</A>
1156<LI><A NAME="tex2html640"
1157  HREF="node163.html">Simulation of pre-compound reaction</A>
1158<UL>
1159<LI><A NAME="tex2html641"
1160  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051521000000000000000">Statistical equilibrium condition</A>
1161<LI><A NAME="tex2html642"
1162  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051522000000000000000">Level density of excited (n-exciton) states</A>
1163<LI><A NAME="tex2html643"
1164  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051523000000000000000">Transition probabilities</A>
1165<LI><A NAME="tex2html644"
1166  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051524000000000000000">Emission probabilities for nucleons</A>
1167<LI><A NAME="tex2html645"
1168  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051525000000000000000">Emission probabilities for complex fragments</A>
1169<LI><A NAME="tex2html646"
1170  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051526000000000000000">The total probability</A>
1171<LI><A NAME="tex2html647"
1172  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051527000000000000000">Calculation of kinetic energies for emitted particle</A>
1173<LI><A NAME="tex2html648"
1174  HREF="node163.html#SECTION051528000000000000000">Parameters of residual nucleus.</A>
1175</UL>
1176<LI><A NAME="tex2html649"
1177  HREF="node164.html">Status of this document</A>
1178<LI><A NAME="tex2html650"
1179  HREF="node165.html">Bibliography</A>
1180</UL>
1181<LI><A NAME="tex2html651"
1182  HREF="node166.html">Evaporation Model</A>
1183<UL>
1184<LI><A NAME="tex2html652"
1185  HREF="node167.html">Introduction.</A>
1186<LI><A NAME="tex2html653"
1187  HREF="node168.html">Model description.</A>
1188<UL>
1189<LI><A NAME="tex2html654"
1190  HREF="node168.html#SECTION051621000000000000000">Cross sections for inverse reactions.</A>
1191<LI><A NAME="tex2html655"
1192  HREF="node168.html#SECTION051622000000000000000">Coulomb barriers.</A>
1193<LI><A NAME="tex2html656"
1194  HREF="node168.html#SECTION051623000000000000000">Level densities.</A>
1195<LI><A NAME="tex2html657"
1196  HREF="node168.html#SECTION051624000000000000000">Maximum energy available for evaporation.</A>
1197<LI><A NAME="tex2html658"
1198  HREF="node168.html#SECTION051625000000000000000">Total decay width.</A>
1199</UL>
1200<LI><A NAME="tex2html659"
1201  HREF="node169.html">GEM Model</A>
1202<LI><A NAME="tex2html660"
1203  HREF="node170.html">Fission probability calculation.</A>
1204<UL>
1205<LI><A NAME="tex2html661"
1206  HREF="node170.html#SECTION051641000000000000000">The fission total probability.</A>
1207<LI><A NAME="tex2html662"
1208  HREF="node170.html#SECTION051642000000000000000">The fission barrier.</A>
1209</UL>
1210<LI><A NAME="tex2html663"
1211  HREF="node171.html">The Total Probability for Photon Evaporation</A>
1212<UL>
1213<LI><A NAME="tex2html664"
1214  HREF="node171.html#SECTION051651000000000000000">Energy of evaporated photon</A>
1215</UL>
1216<LI><A NAME="tex2html665"
1217  HREF="node172.html">Discrete photon evaporation</A>
1218<LI><A NAME="tex2html666"
1219  HREF="node173.html">Internal conversion electron emission</A>
1220<UL>
1221<LI><A NAME="tex2html667"
1222  HREF="node173.html#SECTION051671000000000000000">Multipolarity</A>
1223<LI><A NAME="tex2html668"
1224  HREF="node173.html#SECTION051672000000000000000">Binding energy</A>
1225<LI><A NAME="tex2html669"
1226  HREF="node173.html#SECTION051673000000000000000">Isotopes</A>
1227</UL>
1228<LI><A NAME="tex2html670"
1229  HREF="node174.html">Bibliography</A>
1230</UL>
1231<LI><A NAME="tex2html671"
1232  HREF="node175.html">Fission model.</A>
1233<UL>
1234<LI><A NAME="tex2html672"
1235  HREF="node176.html">Reaction initial state.</A>
1236<LI><A NAME="tex2html673"
1237  HREF="node177.html">Fission process simulation.</A>
1238<UL>
1239<LI><A NAME="tex2html674"
1240  HREF="node177.html#SECTION051721000000000000000">Atomic number distribution of fission products.</A>
1241<LI><A NAME="tex2html675"
1242  HREF="node177.html#SECTION051722000000000000000">Charge distribution of fission products.</A>
1243<LI><A NAME="tex2html676"
1244  HREF="node177.html#SECTION051723000000000000000">Kinetic energy distribution of fission products.</A>
1245<LI><A NAME="tex2html677"
1246  HREF="node177.html#SECTION051724000000000000000">Calculation of the excitation energy of fission products.</A>
1247<LI><A NAME="tex2html678"
1248  HREF="node177.html#SECTION051725000000000000000">Excited fragment momenta.</A>
1249</UL>
1250<LI><A NAME="tex2html679"
1251  HREF="node178.html">Bibliography</A>
1252</UL>
1253<LI><A NAME="tex2html680"
1254  HREF="node179.html">Fermi break-up model.</A>
1255<UL>
1256<LI><A NAME="tex2html681"
1257  HREF="node180.html">Fermi break-up simulation for light nuclei.</A>
1258<UL>
1259<LI><A NAME="tex2html682"
1260  HREF="node180.html#SECTION051811000000000000000">Allowed channel.</A>
1261<LI><A NAME="tex2html683"
1262  HREF="node180.html#SECTION051812000000000000000">Break-up probability.</A>
1263<LI><A NAME="tex2html684"
1264  HREF="node180.html#SECTION051813000000000000000">Fermi break-up model parameter.</A>
1265<LI><A NAME="tex2html685"
1266  HREF="node180.html#SECTION051814000000000000000">Fragment characteristics.</A>
1267<LI><A NAME="tex2html686"
1268  HREF="node180.html#SECTION051815000000000000000">MC procedure.</A>
1269</UL>
1270<LI><A NAME="tex2html687"
1271  HREF="node181.html">Bibliography</A>
1272</UL>
1273<LI><A NAME="tex2html688"
1274  HREF="node182.html">Multifragmentation model.</A>
1275<UL>
1276<LI><A NAME="tex2html689"
1277  HREF="node183.html">Multifragmentation process simulation.</A>
1278<UL>
1279<LI><A NAME="tex2html690"
1280  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051911000000000000000">Multifragmentation probability.</A>
1281<LI><A NAME="tex2html691"
1282  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051912000000000000000">Direct simulation of the low multiplicity multifragment disintegration</A>
1283<LI><A NAME="tex2html692"
1284  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051913000000000000000">Fragment multiplicity distribution.</A>
1285<LI><A NAME="tex2html693"
1286  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051914000000000000000">Atomic number distribution of fragments.</A>
1287<LI><A NAME="tex2html694"
1288  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051915000000000000000">Charge distribution of fragments.</A>
1289<LI><A NAME="tex2html695"
1290  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051916000000000000000">Kinetic energy distribution of fragments.</A>
1291<LI><A NAME="tex2html696"
1292  HREF="node183.html#SECTION051917000000000000000">Calculation of the fragment excitation energies.</A>
1293</UL>
1294<LI><A NAME="tex2html697"
1295  HREF="node184.html">Bibliography</A>
1296</UL>
1297<LI><A NAME="tex2html698"
1298  HREF="node185.html">INCL 4.2 Cascade and ABLA V3 Evaporation with Fission</A>
1299<UL>
1300<LI><A NAME="tex2html699"
1301  HREF="node186.html">Introduction</A>
1302<LI><A NAME="tex2html700"
1303  HREF="node187.html">INCL4.2 cascade</A>
1304<UL>
1305<LI><A NAME="tex2html701"
1306  HREF="node187.html#SECTION052021000000000000000">Model limits</A>
1307<LI><A NAME="tex2html702"
1308  HREF="node187.html#SECTION052022000000000000000">Model principles</A>
1309<LI><A NAME="tex2html703"
1310  HREF="node187.html#SECTION052023000000000000000">Conservation laws</A>
1311<LI><A NAME="tex2html704"
1312  HREF="node187.html#SECTION052024000000000000000">Cascade stopping time</A>
1313<LI><A NAME="tex2html705"
1314  HREF="node187.html#SECTION052025000000000000000">Light ions</A>
1315</UL>
1316<LI><A NAME="tex2html706"
1317  HREF="node188.html">ABLA V3 evaporation</A>
1318<UL>
1319<LI><A NAME="tex2html707"
1320  HREF="node188.html#SECTION052031000000000000000">Level densities</A>
1321<LI><A NAME="tex2html708"
1322  HREF="node188.html#SECTION052032000000000000000">Fission</A>
1323</UL>
1324<LI><A NAME="tex2html709"
1325  HREF="node189.html">External data file required</A>
1326<LI><A NAME="tex2html710"
1327  HREF="node190.html">Implementation details</A>
1328<LI><A NAME="tex2html711"
1329  HREF="node191.html">Physics Performance</A>
1330<LI><A NAME="tex2html712"
1331  HREF="node192.html">Status of this document</A>
1332<LI><A NAME="tex2html713"
1333  HREF="node193.html">Bibliography</A>
1334</UL>
1335<LI><A NAME="tex2html714"
1336  HREF="node194.html">Low Energy Neutron Interactions</A>
1337<UL>
1338<LI><A NAME="tex2html715"
1339  HREF="node195.html">Introduction</A>
1340<LI><A NAME="tex2html716"
1341  HREF="node196.html">Physics and Verification</A>
1342<UL>
1343<LI><A NAME="tex2html717"
1344  HREF="node196.html#SECTION052121000000000000000">Inclusive Cross-sections</A>
1345<LI><A NAME="tex2html718"
1346  HREF="node196.html#SECTION052122000000000000000">Elastic Scattering</A>
1347<LI><A NAME="tex2html719"
1348  HREF="node196.html#SECTION052123000000000000000">Radiative Capture</A>
1349<LI><A NAME="tex2html720"
1350  HREF="node196.html#SECTION052124000000000000000">Fission</A>
1351<LI><A NAME="tex2html721"
1352  HREF="node196.html#SECTION052125000000000000000">Inelastic Scattering</A>
1353</UL>
1354<LI><A NAME="tex2html722"
1355  HREF="node197.html">High Precision Models and Low Energy Parameterized Models</A>
1356<LI><A NAME="tex2html723"
1357  HREF="node198.html">Summary</A>
1358<LI><A NAME="tex2html724"
1359  HREF="node199.html">Status of this document</A>
1360<LI><A NAME="tex2html725"
1361  HREF="node200.html">Bibliography</A>
1362</UL>
1363<LI><A NAME="tex2html726"
1364  HREF="node201.html">Radioactive Decay</A>
1365<UL>
1366<LI><A NAME="tex2html727"
1367  HREF="node202.html">The Radioactive Decay Module</A>
1368<LI><A NAME="tex2html728"
1369  HREF="node203.html">Sampling</A>
1370<UL>
1371<LI><A NAME="tex2html729"
1372  HREF="node203.html#SECTION052221000000000000000">Biasing Methods</A>
1373</UL>
1374<LI><A NAME="tex2html730"
1375  HREF="node204.html">Status of this document</A>
1376<LI><A NAME="tex2html731"
1377  HREF="node205.html">Bibliography</A>
1378</UL></UL></UL>
1379<!--End of Table of Contents-->
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1381
1382
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