This section describes how the GNUmake infrastructure is implemented in Geant4 and provides a quick reference guide for the user/installer about the most important environment variables defined. As described in of the Installation Guide, the GNUmake process in Geant4 is mainly controlled by the following GNUmake script files (*.gmk scripts are placed in $G4INSTALL/config): architecture.gmk: defining all the architecture specific settings and paths. System settings are stored in $G4INSTALL/config/sys in separate files. common.gmk: defining all general GNUmake rules for building objects and libraries. globlib.gmk: defining all general GNUmake rules for building compound libraries. binmake.gmk: defining the general GNUmake rules for building executables. GNUmake scripts: placed inside each directory in the G4 distribution and defining directives specific to build a library (or a set of sub-libraries) or and executable. To build a single library (or a set of sub-libraries) or an executable, you must explicitly change your current directory to the one you're interested in and invoke the "make" command from there ("make global" for building a compound library). Here is a list of the basic commands or GNUmake "targets" one can invoke to build libraries and/or executables: make starts the compilation process for building a kernel library or a library associated with an example. Kernel libraries are built with maximum granularity, i.e. if a category is a compound, this command will build all the related sub-libraries, not the compound one. The top level GNUmakefile in $G4INSTALL/source will also build in this case a dependency map libname.map of each library to establish the linking order automatically at the bin step. The map will be placed in $G4LIB/$G4SYSTEM. make global starts the compilation process to build a single compound kernel library per category. If issued after "make", both 'granular' and 'compound' libraries will be available (NOTE: this will consistently increase the disk space required. Compound libraries will then be selected by default at link time, unless G4LIB_USE_GRANULAR is specified). make bin or make (only for examples/) starts the compilation process to build an executable. This command will build implicitly the library associated with the example and link the final application. It assumes all kernel libraries are already generated and placed in the correct $G4INSTALL path defined for them. The linking order is controlled automatically in case libraries have been built with maximum granularity, and the link list is generated on the fly. make dll On Windows systems this will start the compilation process to build single compound kernel library per category and generate Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs). Once the libraries are generated, the process will imply also the deletion of all temporary files generated during the compilation. lib/ bin/ and tmp/ directories The $G4INSTALL environment variable specifies where the installation of the Geant4 toolkit should take place, therefore kernel libraries will be placed in $G4INSTALL/lib. The $G4WORKDIR environment variable is set by the user and specifies the path to the user working directory; temporary files (object-files and data products of the installation process of Geant4) will be placed in $G4WORKDIR/tmp, according to the system architecture used. Binaries will be placed in $G4WORKDIR/bin, according to the system architecture used. The path to $G4WORKDIR/bin/$G4SYSTEM should be added to $PATH in the user environment. Here is a list of the most important environment variables defined within the Geant4 GNUmake infrastructure, with a short explanation of their use. We recommend that those environment variables listed here and marked with (*) NOT be overriden or set (explicitly or by accident). They are already set and used internally in the default setup ! System configuration $CLHEP_BASE_DIR Specifies the path where the CLHEP package is installed in your system. $G4SYSTEM Defines the architecture and compiler currently used. NOTE: This variable is set automatically if the Configure script is adopted for the installation. This will result in the proper settings also for configuring the environment with the generated shell scripts env.[c]sh. Installation paths $G4INSTALL Defines the path where the Geant4 toolkit is located. It should be set by the system installer. By default, it sets to $HOME/geant4, assuming the Geant4 distribution is placed in $HOME. $G4BASE (*) Defines the path to the source code. Internally used to define $CPPFLAGS and $LDFLAGS for -I and -L directives. It has to be set to $G4INSTALL/src. $G4WORKDIR Defines the path for the user's workdir for Geant4. It is set by default to $HOME/geant4, assuming the user's working directory for Geant4 is placed in $HOME. $G4INCLUDE Defines the path where source header files may be mirrored at installation by issuing gmake includes (default is set to $G4INSTALL/include) $G4BIN, $G4BINDIR (*) Used by the system to specify the place where to store executables. By default they're set to $G4WORKDIR/bin and $G4BIN/$G4SYSTEM respectively. The path to $G4WORKDIR/bin/$G4SYSTEM should be added to $PATH in the user environment. $G4BIN can be overridden. $G4TMP, $G4TMPDIR (*) Used by the system to specify the place where to store temporary files products of the compilation/build of a user application or test. By default they're set to $G4WORKDIR/tmp and $G4TMP/$G4SYSTEM respectively. $G4TMP can be overridden. $G4LIB, $G4LIBDIR (*) Used by the system to specify the place where to install libraries. By default they're set to $G4INSTALL/lib and $G4LIB/$G4SYSTEM respectively. $G4LIB can be overridden. Build specific $G4TARGET Specifies the target (name of the source file defining the main()) of the application/example to be built. This variable is set automatically for the examples and tests placed in $G4INSTALL/examples. $G4DEBUG Specifies to compile the code (libraries or examples) including symbolic information in the object code for debugging. The size of the generated object code can increase considerably. By default, code is compiled in optimised mode ($G4OPTIMISE set). $G4OPTDEBUG Only available for the g++ compiler, specifies to compile the code (libraries or examples) in optimised mode, but including symbolic information in the object code for debugging. $G4NO_OPTIMISE Specifies to compile the code (libraries or examples) without compiler optimisation. $G4PROFILE On Linux systems with the g++ compiler, it allows to build libraries with profiling setup for monitoring with the gprof tool. $G4_NO_VERBOSE Geant4 code is compiled by default in high verbosity mode ($G4VERBOSE flag set). For better performance, verbosity code can be left out by defining $G4_NO_VERBOSE. $G4LIB_BUILD_SHARED Flag specifying if to build kernel libraries as shared libraries (libraries will be then used by default). If not set, static archive libraries are built by default. $G4LIB_BUILD_STATIC Flag specifying if to build kernel libraries as static archive libraries in addition to shared libraries (in case $G4LIB_BUILD_SHARED is set as well). $G4LIB_BUILD_DLL (*) Internal flag for specifying to build DLL kernel libraries for Windows systems. The flag is automatically set when requested to build DLLs. $G4LIB_USE_DLL For Windows systems only. Flag to specify to build an application using the installed DLL kernel libraries for Windows systems. It is required to have this flag set in the environment in order to successfully build an application if the DLL libraries have been installed. $G4LIB_USE_GRANULAR To force usage of "granular" libraries against "compound" libraries at link time in case both have been installed. The Geant4 building system chooses "compound" libraries by default, if installed. UI specific The most relevant flags for User Interface drivers are just listed here. A more detailed description is given also in section 2. of this User's Guide. G4UI_USE_TERMINAL Specifies to use dumb terminal interface in the application to be built (default). G4UI_USE_TCSH Specifies to use the tcsh-shell like interface in the application to be built. G4UI_BUILD_XM_SESSION, G4UI_BUILD_XAW_SESSION Specifies to include in kernel library the XM or XAW Motif-based user interfaces. G4UI_USE_XM, G4UI_USE_XAW Specifies to use the XM or XAW interfaces in the application to be built. G4UI_BUILD_WIN32_SESSION Specifies to include in kernel library the WIN32 terminal interface for Windows systems. G4UI_USE_WIN32 Specifies to use the WIN32 interfaces in the application to be built on Windows systems. G4UI_BUILD_QT_SESSION Specifies to include in kernel library the Qt terminal interface. $QTHOME should specify the path where Qt libraries and headers are installed G4UI_USE_QT Specifies to use the Qt interfaces in the application to be built. G4UI_NONE If set, no UI sessions nor any UI libraries are built. This can be useful when running a pure batch job or in a user framework having its own UI system. Visualization specific The most relevant flags for visualization graphics drivers are just listed here. A description of these variables is given also in section 2. of this User's Guide. $G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER Specifies to build kernel library for visualization including the OpenGL driver with X11 extension. It requires $OGLHOME set (path to OpenGL installation). $G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX Specifies to use OpenGL graphics with X11 extension in the application to be built. $G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLXM_DRIVER Specifies to build kernel library for visualization including the OpenGL driver with XM extension. It requires $OGLHOME set (path to OpenGL installation). $G4VIS_USE_OPENGLXM Specifies to use OpenGL graphics with XM extension in the application to be built. G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLQT_DRIVER Specifies to build kernel library for visualization including the OpenGL driver with Qt extension. It requires $QTHOME set to specify the path where Qt libraries and headers are installed. G4VIS_USE_OPENGLQT Specifies to use OpenGL graphics with Qt extension in the application to be built. $G4VIS_BUILD_OI_DRIVER Specifies to build kernel library for visualization including the OpenInventor driver. It requires $OIHOME set (paths to the OpenInventor installation). $G4VIS_USE_OI Specifies to use OpenInventor graphics in the application to be built. $G4VIS_BUILD_OIX_DRIVER Specifies to build the driver for the free X11 version of OpenInventor. $G4VIS_USE_OIX Specifies to use the free X11 version of OpenInventor. $G4VIS_BUILD_RAYTRACERX_DRIVER Specifies to build kernel library for visualization including the Ray-Tracer driver with X11 extension. It requires X11 installed in the system. $G4VIS_USE_RAYTRACERX Specifies to use the X11 version of the Ray-Tracer driver. $G4VIS_BUILD_OIWIN32_DRIVER Specifies to build the driver for the free X11 version of OpenInventor on Windows systems. $G4VIS_USE_OIWIN32 Specifies to use the free X11 version of OpenInventor on Windows systems. $G4VIS_BUILD_DAWN_DRIVER Specifies to build kernel library for visualization including the driver for DAWN. $G4VIS_USE_DAWN Specifies to use DAWN as a possible graphics renderer in the application to be built. $G4DAWN_HOST_NAME To specify the hostname for use with the DAWN-network driver. $G4VIS_NONE If specified, no visualization drivers will be built or used. Hadronic physics specific $G4NEUTRONHP_USE_ONLY_PHOTONEVAPORATION When using high precision neutron code, user may choose to force the use of Photon Evaporation model instead of using the neutron capture final state data. $G4NEUTRONHP_SKIP_MISSING_ISOTOPES User can force high precison neutron code to use only exact isotope data files instead of allowing nearby isotope files to be used. If the exact file is not available, the cross section will be set to zero and a warning message will be printed. $G4NEUTRONHP_NEGLECT_DOPPLER Sets neglecting doppler broadening mode for boosting performance. GDML, zlib and g3tog4 modules $G4LIB_BUILD_GDML If set, triggers compilation of a plugin module gdml for allowing import/export of detector description setups (geometrical volumes, solids, materials, etc.). By default, the flag is not set; if set, the path to the installation of XercesC package must be specified through the variable $XERCESCROOT. $G4LIB_USE_GDML Specifies to use the gdml module. The flag is automatically set if $G4LIB_BUILD_GDML is set in the environment. $G4LIB_BUILD_ZLIB If set, triggers compilation of a specific zlib module for the compression of output files (mainly in use currently for the HepRep graphics driver). By default, the flag is not set and the built-in system library for compression is adopted instead. Setting this flag will also implicitely set the flag below. On Windows systems, if OpenGL or OpenInventor visualization drivers are built, this module is automatically built. $G4LIB_USE_ZLIB Specifies to use the zlib module, either system built-in or Geant4 specific. $G4LIB_BUILD_G3TOG4 If set, triggers compilation of the g3tog4 module for conversions of simple legacy geometries descriptions to Geant4. By default, the flag is not set and the module's library is not built. Setting this flag will also implicitely set the flag below. $G4LIB_USE_G3TOG4 Specifies to use the g3tog4 module, assuming the related library has been already installed. Analysis specific $G4ANALYSIS_USE Specifies to activate the appropriate environment for analysis, if an application includes code for histogramming based on AIDA. Additional setup variables are required ($G4ANALYSIS_AIDA_CONFIG_CFLAGS, $G4ANALYSIS_AIDA_CONFIG_LIBS) to define config options for AIDA ("aida-config --cflags" and "aida-config --libs"). See installation instructions of the specific analysis tools for details. Directory paths to Physics Data $G4NEUTRONHPDATA Path to external data set for Neutron Scattering processes. $G4LEDATA Path to external data set for low energy electromagnetic processes. $G4LEVELGAMMADATA Path to the data set for Photon Evaporation. $G4RADIOACTIVEDATA Path to the data set for Radiative Decay processes. $G4ABLADATA Path to nuclear shell effects data set for INCL/ABLA hadronic model. $G4REALSURFACEDATA Path to the data set for measured optical surface reflectance for precise optical physics. $G4REALSURFACEDATA Path to the Look-Up-Tables for the LUT model of optical photon boundary reflection. The Geant4 GNUmake infrastructure allows to extend the link list of libraries with external (or user defined) packages which may be required for some user's applications to generate the final executable. In the GNUmakefile of your application, before including binmake.gmk, specify the extra library in EXTRALIBS either using the -L...-l... syntax or by specifying the full pathname, e.g.: EXTRALIBS := -L<your-path>/lib -l<myExtraLib> or EXTRALIBS := <your-path>/lib/lib<myExtraLib>.a You may also specify EXTRA_LINK_DEPENDENCIES, which is added to the dependency of the target executable, and you may also specify a rule for making it, e.g.: EXTRA_LINK_DEPENDENCIES := <your-path>/lib/lib<myExtraLib>.a <your-path>/lib/lib<myExtraLib>.a: cd <your-path>/lib; $(MAKE) Note that you almost certainly need to augment CPPFLAGS for the header files of the external library, e.g.: CPPFLAGS+=-I<your-path>/include See . # -------------------------------------------------------------------- # GNUmakefile for the application "sim" depending on module "Xplotter" # -------------------------------------------------------------------- name := sim G4TARGET := $(name) G4EXLIB := true CPPFLAGS += -I$(HOME)/Xplotter/include EXTRALIBS += -L$(HOME)/Xplotter/lib -lXplotter EXTRA_LINK_DEPENDENCIES := $(HOME)/Xplotter/lib/libXplotter.a .PHONY: all all: lib bin include $(G4INSTALL)/config/binmake.gmk $(HOME)/Xplotter/lib/libXplotter.a: cd $(HOME)/Xplotter; $(MAKE) In addition to the above, specify, in EXTRALIBSSOURCEDIRS, a list of directories containing source files in its src/ subdirectory. Thus, your GNUmakefile might contain: EXTRALIBS += $(G4WORKDIR)/tmp/$(G4SYSTEM)/<myApp>/lib<myApp>.a \ -L<your-path>/lib -l<myExtraLib> EXTRALIBSSOURCEDIRS += <your-path>/<myApp> <your-path>/<MyExtraModule> EXTRA_LINK_DEPENDENCIES := $(G4WORKDIR)/tmp/$(G4SYSTEM)/<myApp>/lib<myApp>.a MYSOURCES := $(wildcard <your-path>/<myApp>/src/*cc) $(G4WORKDIR)/tmp/$(G4SYSTEM)/<myApp>/lib<myApp>.a: $(MYSOURCES) cd <your-path>/<myApp>; $(MAKE) See . # ----------------------------------------------------------------- # GNUmakefile for the application "phys" depending on module "reco" # ----------------------------------------------------------------- name := phys G4TARGET := $(name) G4EXLIB := true EXTRALIBS += $(G4WORKDIR)/tmp/$(G4SYSTEM)/$(name)/libphys.a \ -L$(HOME)/reco/lib -lreco EXTRALIBSSOURCEDIRS += $(HOME)/phys $(HOME)/reco EXTRA_LINK_DEPENDENCIES := $(G4WORKDIR)/tmp/$(G4SYSTEM)/$(name)/libphys.a .PHONY: all all: lib bin include $(G4INSTALL)/config/binmake.gmk MYSOURCES := $(wildcard $(HOME)/phys/src/*cc) $(G4WORKDIR)/tmp/$(G4SYSTEM)/$(name)/libphys.a: $(MYSOURCES) cd $(HOME)/phys; $(MAKE)