1 | <!-- ******************************************************** --> |
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2 | <!-- --> |
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3 | <!-- [History] --> |
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4 | <!-- Converted to DocBook: Katsuya Amako, Aug-2006 --> |
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5 | <!-- Changed by: Gabriele Cosmo, 18-Apr-2005 --> |
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6 | <!-- --> |
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7 | <!-- ******************************************************** --> |
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8 | |
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9 | |
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10 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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11 | <sect2 id="sect.Geom.Solids"> |
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12 | <title> |
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13 | Solids |
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14 | </title> |
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15 | |
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16 | <para> |
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17 | The STEP standard supports multiple solid representations. |
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18 | Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) representations and Boundary |
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19 | Represented Solids (BREPs) are available. Different representations |
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20 | are suitable for different purposes, applications, required |
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21 | complexity, and levels of detail. CSG representations are easy to |
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22 | use and normally give superior performance, but they cannot |
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23 | reproduce complex solids such as those used in CAD systems. BREP |
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24 | representations can handle more extended topologies and reproduce |
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25 | the most complex solids. |
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26 | </para> |
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27 | |
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28 | <para> |
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29 | All constructed solids can stream out their contents via |
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30 | appropriate methods and streaming operators. |
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31 | </para> |
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32 | |
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33 | <para> |
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34 | For all solids it is possible to estimate the geometrical volume and the |
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35 | surface area by invoking the methods: |
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36 | |
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37 | <informalexample> |
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38 | <programlisting> |
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39 | G4double GetCubicVolume() |
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40 | G4double GetSurfaceArea() |
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41 | </programlisting> |
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42 | </informalexample> |
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43 | |
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44 | which return an estimate of the solid volume and total area in internal |
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45 | units respectively. For elementary solids the functions compute the exact |
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46 | geometrical quantities, while for composite or complex solids an estimate |
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47 | is made using Monte Carlo techniques. |
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48 | </para> |
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49 | |
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50 | <para> |
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51 | For all solids it is also possible to generate pseudo-random |
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52 | points lying on their surfaces, by invoking the method |
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53 | |
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54 | <informalexample> |
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55 | <programlisting> |
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56 | G4ThreeVector GetPointOnSurface() const |
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57 | </programlisting> |
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58 | </informalexample> |
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59 | |
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60 | which returns the generated point in local coordinates relative to |
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61 | the solid. |
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62 | </para> |
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63 | |
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64 | |
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65 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#3) ****************** --> |
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66 | <sect3 id="sect.Geom.Solids.CSG"> |
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67 | <title> |
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68 | Constructed Solid Geometry (CSG) Solids |
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69 | </title> |
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70 | |
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71 | <para> |
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72 | CSG solids are defined directly as three-dimensional primitives. |
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73 | They are described by a minimal set of parameters necessary to |
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74 | define the shape and size of the solid. CSG solids are Boxes, Tubes |
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75 | and their sections, Cones and their sections, Spheres, Wedges, and |
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76 | Toruses. |
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77 | </para> |
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78 | |
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79 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
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80 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
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81 | Box: |
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82 | </bridgehead> |
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83 | |
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84 | <para> |
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85 | To create a <emphasis role="bold">box</emphasis> one can use the constructor: |
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86 | |
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87 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
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88 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
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89 | <tbody> |
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90 | <row> |
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91 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
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92 | <informalexample> |
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93 | <programlisting> |
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94 | G4Box(const G4String& pName, |
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95 | G4double pX, |
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96 | G4double pY, |
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97 | G4double pZ) |
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98 | </programlisting> |
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99 | </informalexample> |
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100 | </entry> |
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101 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
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102 | <mediaobject> |
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103 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
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104 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aBox.jpg" |
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105 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
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106 | </imageobject> |
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107 | <imageobject role="html"> |
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108 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aBox.jpg" |
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109 | format="JPG" /> |
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110 | </imageobject> |
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111 | </mediaobject> |
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112 | |
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113 | <?JavaScript pic1.html ?> |
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114 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
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115 | <literal> |
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116 | <para> |
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117 | pX = 30, pY = 40, pZ = 60 |
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118 | </para> |
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119 | </literal> |
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120 | </entry> |
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121 | </row> |
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122 | </tbody> |
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123 | </tgroup> |
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124 | </informaltable> |
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125 | </para> |
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126 | |
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127 | <para> |
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128 | by giving the box a name and its half-lengths along the X, Y and |
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129 | Z axis: |
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130 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
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131 | <tgroup cols="6"> |
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132 | <tbody> |
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133 | <row> |
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134 | <entry> |
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135 | <literal>pX</literal> |
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136 | </entry> |
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137 | <entry> |
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138 | half length in X |
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139 | </entry> |
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140 | <entry> |
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141 | <literal>pY</literal> |
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142 | </entry> |
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143 | <entry> |
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144 | half length in Y |
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145 | </entry> |
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146 | <entry> |
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147 | <literal>pZ</literal> |
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148 | </entry> |
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149 | <entry> |
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150 | half length in Z |
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151 | </entry> |
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152 | </row> |
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153 | </tbody> |
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154 | </tgroup> |
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155 | </informaltable> |
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156 | </para> |
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157 | |
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158 | <para> |
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159 | This will create a box that extends from <literal>-pX</literal> to |
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160 | <literal>+pX</literal> in X, from <literal>-pY</literal> to |
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161 | <literal>+pY</literal> in Y, and from |
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162 | <literal>-pZ</literal> to <literal>+pZ</literal> in Z. |
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163 | </para> |
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164 | |
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165 | <para> |
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166 | For example to create a box that is 2 by 6 by 10 centimeters in |
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167 | full length, and called <literal>BoxA</literal> one should use the following |
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168 | code: |
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169 | <informalexample> |
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170 | <programlisting> |
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171 | G4Box* aBox = new G4Box("BoxA", 1.0*cm, 3.0*cm, 5.0*cm); |
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172 | </programlisting> |
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173 | </informalexample> |
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174 | </para> |
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175 | |
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176 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
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177 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
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178 | Cylindrical Section or Tube: |
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179 | </bridgehead> |
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180 | |
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181 | <para> |
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182 | Similarly to create a <emphasis role="bold">cylindrical section</emphasis> |
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183 | or <emphasis role="bold">tube</emphasis>, one would use the constructor: |
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184 | |
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185 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
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186 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
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187 | <tbody> |
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188 | <row> |
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189 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
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190 | <informalexample> |
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191 | <programlisting> |
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192 | G4Tubs(const G4String& pName, |
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193 | G4double pRMin, |
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194 | G4double pRMax, |
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195 | G4double pDz, |
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196 | G4double pSPhi, |
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197 | G4double pDPhi) |
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198 | </programlisting> |
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199 | </informalexample> |
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200 | </entry> |
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201 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
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202 | <mediaobject> |
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203 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
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204 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTubs.jpg" |
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205 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
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206 | </imageobject> |
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207 | <imageobject role="html"> |
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208 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTubs.jpg" |
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209 | format="JPG" /> |
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210 | </imageobject> |
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211 | </mediaobject> |
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212 | |
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213 | <?JavaScript pic2.html ?> |
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214 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
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215 | <literal> |
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216 | <para> |
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217 | pRMin = 10, pRMax = 15, pDz = 20 |
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218 | </para> |
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219 | </literal> |
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220 | </entry> |
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221 | </row> |
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222 | </tbody> |
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223 | </tgroup> |
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224 | </informaltable> |
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225 | </para> |
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226 | |
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227 | <para> |
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228 | giving its name <literal>pName</literal> and its parameters which are: |
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229 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
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230 | <tgroup cols="4"> |
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231 | <tbody> |
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232 | <row> |
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233 | <entry> |
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234 | <literal>pRMin</literal> |
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235 | </entry> |
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236 | <entry> |
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237 | Inner radius |
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238 | </entry> |
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239 | <entry> |
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240 | <literal>pRMax</literal> |
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241 | </entry> |
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242 | <entry> |
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243 | Outer radius |
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244 | </entry> |
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245 | </row> |
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246 | <row> |
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247 | <entry> |
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248 | <literal>pDz</literal> |
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249 | </entry> |
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250 | <entry> |
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251 | half length in z |
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252 | </entry> |
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253 | <entry> |
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254 | <literal>pSPhi</literal> |
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255 | </entry> |
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256 | <entry> |
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257 | the starting phi angle in radians |
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258 | </entry> |
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259 | </row> |
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260 | <row> |
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261 | <entry> |
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262 | <literal>pDPhi</literal> |
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263 | </entry> |
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264 | <entry> |
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265 | the angle of the segment in radians |
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266 | </entry> |
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267 | </row> |
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268 | </tbody> |
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269 | </tgroup> |
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270 | </informaltable> |
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271 | </para> |
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272 | |
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273 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
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274 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
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275 | Cone or Conical section: |
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276 | </bridgehead> |
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277 | |
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278 | <para> |
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279 | Similarly to create a <emphasis role="bold">cone</emphasis>, or |
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280 | <emphasis role="bold">conical section</emphasis>, one would use the constructor |
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281 | |
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282 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
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283 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
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284 | <tbody> |
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285 | <row> |
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286 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
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287 | <informalexample> |
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288 | <programlisting> |
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289 | G4Cons(const G4String& pName, |
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290 | G4double pRmin1, |
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291 | G4double pRmax1, |
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292 | G4double pRmin2, |
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293 | G4double pRmax2, |
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294 | G4double pDz, |
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295 | G4double pSPhi, |
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296 | G4double pDPhi) |
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297 | </programlisting> |
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298 | </informalexample> |
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299 | </entry> |
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300 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
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301 | <mediaobject> |
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302 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
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303 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aCons.jpg" |
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304 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
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305 | </imageobject> |
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306 | <imageobject role="html"> |
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307 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aCons.jpg" |
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308 | format="JPG" /> |
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309 | </imageobject> |
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310 | </mediaobject> |
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311 | |
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312 | <?JavaScript pic3.html ?> |
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313 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
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314 | <literal> |
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315 | <para> |
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316 | pRmin1 = 5, pRmax1 = 10, |
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317 | pRmin2 = 20, pRmax2 = 25, |
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318 | pDz = 40, pSPhi = 0, pDPhi = 4/3*Pi |
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319 | </para> |
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320 | </literal> |
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321 | </entry> |
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322 | </row> |
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323 | </tbody> |
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324 | </tgroup> |
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325 | </informaltable> |
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326 | </para> |
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327 | |
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328 | <para> |
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329 | giving its name <literal>pName</literal>, and its parameters which are: |
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330 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
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331 | <tgroup cols="4"> |
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332 | <tbody> |
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333 | <row> |
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334 | <entry> |
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335 | <literal>pRmin1</literal> |
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336 | </entry> |
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337 | <entry> |
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338 | inside radius at <literal>-pDz</literal> |
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339 | </entry> |
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340 | <entry> |
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341 | <literal>pRmax1</literal> |
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342 | </entry> |
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343 | <entry> |
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344 | outside radius at <literal>-pDz</literal> |
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345 | </entry> |
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346 | </row> |
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347 | <row> |
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348 | <entry> |
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349 | <literal>pRmin2</literal> |
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350 | </entry> |
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351 | <entry> |
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352 | inside radius at <literal>+pDz</literal> |
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353 | </entry> |
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354 | <entry> |
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355 | <literal>pRmax2</literal> |
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356 | </entry> |
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357 | <entry> |
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358 | outside radius at <literal>+pDz</literal> |
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359 | </entry> |
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360 | </row> |
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361 | <row> |
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362 | <entry> |
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363 | <literal>pDz</literal> |
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364 | </entry> |
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365 | <entry> |
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366 | half length in z |
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367 | </entry> |
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368 | <entry> |
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369 | <literal>pSPhi</literal> |
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370 | </entry> |
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371 | <entry> |
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372 | starting angle of the segment in radians |
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373 | </entry> |
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374 | </row> |
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375 | <row> |
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376 | <entry> |
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377 | <literal>pDPhi</literal> |
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378 | </entry> |
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379 | <entry> |
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380 | the angle of the segment in radians |
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381 | </entry> |
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382 | </row> |
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383 | </tbody> |
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384 | </tgroup> |
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385 | </informaltable> |
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386 | </para> |
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387 | |
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388 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
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389 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
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390 | Parallelepiped: |
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391 | </bridgehead> |
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392 | |
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393 | <para> |
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394 | A <emphasis role="bold">parallelepiped</emphasis> is constructed |
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395 | using: |
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396 | |
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397 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
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398 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
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399 | <tbody> |
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400 | <row> |
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401 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
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402 | <informalexample> |
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403 | <programlisting> |
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404 | G4Para(const G4String& pName, |
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405 | G4double dx, |
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406 | G4double dy, |
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407 | G4double dz, |
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408 | G4double alpha, |
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409 | G4double theta, |
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410 | G4double phi) |
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411 | </programlisting> |
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412 | </informalexample> |
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413 | </entry> |
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414 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
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415 | <mediaobject> |
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416 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
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417 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aPara.jpg" |
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418 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
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419 | </imageobject> |
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420 | <imageobject role="html"> |
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421 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aPara.jpg" |
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422 | format="JPG" /> |
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423 | </imageobject> |
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424 | </mediaobject> |
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425 | |
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426 | <?JavaScript pic4.html ?> |
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427 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
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428 | <literal> |
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429 | <para> |
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430 | dx = 30, dy = 40, dz = 60 |
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431 | </para> |
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432 | </literal> |
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433 | </entry> |
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434 | </row> |
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435 | </tbody> |
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436 | </tgroup> |
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437 | </informaltable> |
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438 | </para> |
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439 | |
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440 | <para> |
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441 | giving its name <literal>pName</literal> and its parameters which are: |
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442 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
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443 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
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444 | <tbody> |
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445 | <row> |
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446 | <entry> |
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447 | <literal>dx,dy,dz</literal> |
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448 | </entry> |
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449 | <entry> |
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450 | Half-length in x,y,z |
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451 | </entry> |
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452 | </row> |
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453 | <row> |
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454 | <entry> |
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455 | <literal>alpha</literal> |
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456 | </entry> |
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457 | <entry> |
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458 | Angle formed by the y axis and by the plane joining the centre |
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459 | of the faces <emphasis>parallel</emphasis> to the z-x plane at -dy and +dy |
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460 | </entry> |
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461 | </row> |
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462 | <row> |
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463 | <entry> |
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464 | <literal>theta</literal> |
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465 | </entry> |
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466 | <entry> |
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467 | Polar angle of the line joining the centres of the faces at -dz |
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468 | and +dz in z |
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469 | </entry> |
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470 | </row> |
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471 | <row> |
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472 | <entry> |
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473 | <literal>phi</literal> |
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474 | </entry> |
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475 | <entry> |
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476 | Azimuthal angle of the line joining the centres of the faces at |
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477 | -dz and +dz in z |
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478 | </entry> |
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479 | </row> |
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480 | </tbody> |
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481 | </tgroup> |
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482 | </informaltable> |
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483 | </para> |
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484 | |
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485 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
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486 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
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487 | Trapezoid: |
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488 | </bridgehead> |
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489 | |
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490 | <para> |
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491 | To construct a <emphasis role="bold">trapezoid</emphasis> use: |
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492 | |
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493 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
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494 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
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495 | <tbody> |
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496 | <row> |
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497 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
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498 | <informalexample> |
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499 | <programlisting> |
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500 | G4Trd(const G4String& pName, |
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501 | G4double dx1, |
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502 | G4double dx2, |
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503 | G4double dy1, |
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504 | G4double dy2, |
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505 | G4double dz) |
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506 | </programlisting> |
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507 | </informalexample> |
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508 | </entry> |
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509 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
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510 | <mediaobject> |
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511 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
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512 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTrd.jpg" |
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513 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
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514 | </imageobject> |
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515 | <imageobject role="html"> |
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516 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTrd.jpg" |
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517 | format="JPG" /> |
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518 | </imageobject> |
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519 | </mediaobject> |
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520 | |
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521 | <?JavaScript pic5.html ?> |
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522 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
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523 | <literal> |
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524 | <para> |
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525 | dx1 = 30, dx2 = 10, |
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526 | dy1 = 40, dy2 = 15, |
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527 | dz = 60 |
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528 | </para> |
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529 | </literal> |
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530 | </entry> |
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531 | </row> |
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532 | </tbody> |
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533 | </tgroup> |
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534 | </informaltable> |
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535 | </para> |
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536 | |
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537 | <para> |
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538 | to obtain a solid with name <literal>pName</literal> and parameters |
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539 | |
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540 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
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541 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
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542 | <tbody> |
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543 | <row> |
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544 | <entry> |
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545 | <literal>dx1</literal> |
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546 | </entry> |
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547 | <entry> |
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548 | Half-length along x at the surface positioned at <literal>-dz</literal> |
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549 | </entry> |
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550 | </row> |
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551 | <row> |
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552 | <entry> |
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553 | <literal>dx2</literal> |
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554 | </entry> |
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555 | <entry> |
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556 | Half-length along x at the surface positioned at <literal>+dz</literal> |
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557 | </entry> |
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558 | </row> |
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559 | <row> |
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560 | <entry> |
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561 | <literal>dy1</literal> |
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562 | </entry> |
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563 | <entry> |
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564 | Half-length along y at the surface positioned at <literal>-dz</literal> |
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565 | </entry> |
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566 | </row> |
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567 | <row> |
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568 | <entry> |
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569 | <literal>dy2</literal> |
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570 | </entry> |
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571 | <entry> |
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572 | Half-length along y at the surface positioned at <literal>+dz</literal> |
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573 | </entry> |
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574 | </row> |
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575 | <row> |
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576 | <entry> |
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577 | <literal>dz</literal> |
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578 | </entry> |
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579 | <entry> |
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580 | Half-length along z axis |
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581 | </entry> |
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582 | </row> |
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583 | </tbody> |
---|
584 | </tgroup> |
---|
585 | </informaltable> |
---|
586 | </para> |
---|
587 | |
---|
588 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
589 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
590 | Generic Trapezoid: |
---|
591 | </bridgehead> |
---|
592 | |
---|
593 | <para> |
---|
594 | To build a <emphasis role="bold">generic trapezoid</emphasis>, |
---|
595 | the <literal>G4Trap</literal> class is provided. Here are the two costructors |
---|
596 | for a Right Angular Wedge and for the general trapezoid for it: |
---|
597 | |
---|
598 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
599 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
600 | <tbody> |
---|
601 | <row> |
---|
602 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
603 | <informalexample> |
---|
604 | <programlisting> |
---|
605 | G4Trap(const G4String& pName, |
---|
606 | G4double pZ, |
---|
607 | G4double pY, |
---|
608 | G4double pX, |
---|
609 | G4double pLTX) |
---|
610 | |
---|
611 | G4Trap(const G4String& pName, |
---|
612 | G4double pDz, G4double pTheta, |
---|
613 | G4double pPhi, G4double pDy1, |
---|
614 | G4double pDx1, G4double pDx2, |
---|
615 | G4double pAlp1, G4double pDy2, |
---|
616 | G4double pDx3, G4double pDx4, |
---|
617 | G4double pAlp2) |
---|
618 | </programlisting> |
---|
619 | </informalexample> |
---|
620 | </entry> |
---|
621 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
622 | <mediaobject> |
---|
623 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
624 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTrap.jpg" |
---|
625 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
626 | </imageobject> |
---|
627 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
628 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTrap.jpg" |
---|
629 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
630 | </imageobject> |
---|
631 | </mediaobject> |
---|
632 | |
---|
633 | <?JavaScript pic6.html ?> |
---|
634 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
635 | <literal> |
---|
636 | <para> |
---|
637 | pDx1 = 30, pDx2 = 40, pDy1 = 40, |
---|
638 | pDx3 = 10, pDx4 = 14, pDy2 = 16, |
---|
639 | pDz = 60, pTheta = 20*Degree, |
---|
640 | pPhi = 5*Degree, pAlp1 = pAlp2 = 10*Degree |
---|
641 | </para> |
---|
642 | </literal> |
---|
643 | </entry> |
---|
644 | </row> |
---|
645 | </tbody> |
---|
646 | </tgroup> |
---|
647 | </informaltable> |
---|
648 | </para> |
---|
649 | |
---|
650 | <para> |
---|
651 | to obtain a Right Angular Wedge with name <literal>pName</literal> and |
---|
652 | parameters: |
---|
653 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
654 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
655 | <tbody> |
---|
656 | <row> |
---|
657 | <entry> |
---|
658 | <literal>pZ</literal> |
---|
659 | </entry> |
---|
660 | <entry> |
---|
661 | Length along z |
---|
662 | </entry> |
---|
663 | </row> |
---|
664 | <row> |
---|
665 | <entry> |
---|
666 | <literal>pY</literal> |
---|
667 | </entry> |
---|
668 | <entry> |
---|
669 | Length along y |
---|
670 | </entry> |
---|
671 | </row> |
---|
672 | <row> |
---|
673 | <entry> |
---|
674 | <literal>pX</literal> |
---|
675 | </entry> |
---|
676 | <entry> |
---|
677 | Length along x at the wider side |
---|
678 | </entry> |
---|
679 | </row> |
---|
680 | <row> |
---|
681 | <entry> |
---|
682 | <literal>pLTX</literal> |
---|
683 | </entry> |
---|
684 | <entry> |
---|
685 | Length along x at the narrower side (<literal>plTX<=pX</literal>) |
---|
686 | </entry> |
---|
687 | </row> |
---|
688 | </tbody> |
---|
689 | </tgroup> |
---|
690 | </informaltable> |
---|
691 | </para> |
---|
692 | |
---|
693 | <para> |
---|
694 | or to obtain the general trapezoid (see the Software Reference |
---|
695 | Manual): |
---|
696 | </para> |
---|
697 | |
---|
698 | <para> |
---|
699 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
700 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
701 | <tbody> |
---|
702 | <row> |
---|
703 | <entry> |
---|
704 | <literal>pDx1</literal> |
---|
705 | </entry> |
---|
706 | <entry> |
---|
707 | Half x length of the side at y=-pDy1 of the face at -pDz |
---|
708 | </entry> |
---|
709 | </row> |
---|
710 | <row> |
---|
711 | <entry> |
---|
712 | <literal>pDx2</literal> |
---|
713 | </entry> |
---|
714 | <entry> |
---|
715 | Half x length of the side at y=+pDy1 of the face at -pDz |
---|
716 | </entry> |
---|
717 | </row> |
---|
718 | <row> |
---|
719 | <entry> |
---|
720 | <literal>pDz</literal> |
---|
721 | </entry> |
---|
722 | <entry> |
---|
723 | Half z length |
---|
724 | </entry> |
---|
725 | </row> |
---|
726 | <row> |
---|
727 | <entry> |
---|
728 | <literal>pTheta</literal> |
---|
729 | </entry> |
---|
730 | <entry> |
---|
731 | Polar angle of the line joining the centres of the faces at -/+pDz |
---|
732 | </entry> |
---|
733 | </row> |
---|
734 | <row> |
---|
735 | <entry> |
---|
736 | <literal>pPhi</literal> |
---|
737 | </entry> |
---|
738 | <entry> |
---|
739 | Azimuthal angle of the line joining the centre of the face at -pDz to the centre of the face at +pDz |
---|
740 | </entry> |
---|
741 | </row> |
---|
742 | <row> |
---|
743 | <entry> |
---|
744 | <literal>pDy1</literal> |
---|
745 | </entry> |
---|
746 | <entry> |
---|
747 | Half y length at -pDz |
---|
748 | </entry> |
---|
749 | </row> |
---|
750 | <row> |
---|
751 | <entry> |
---|
752 | <literal>pDy2</literal> |
---|
753 | </entry> |
---|
754 | <entry> |
---|
755 | Half y length at +pDz |
---|
756 | </entry> |
---|
757 | </row> |
---|
758 | <row> |
---|
759 | <entry> |
---|
760 | <literal>pDx3</literal> |
---|
761 | </entry> |
---|
762 | <entry> |
---|
763 | Half x length of the side at y=-pDy2 of the face at +pDz |
---|
764 | </entry> |
---|
765 | </row> |
---|
766 | <row> |
---|
767 | <entry> |
---|
768 | <literal>pDx4</literal> |
---|
769 | </entry> |
---|
770 | <entry> |
---|
771 | Half x length of the side at y=+pDy2 of the face at +pDz |
---|
772 | </entry> |
---|
773 | </row> |
---|
774 | <row> |
---|
775 | <entry> |
---|
776 | <literal>pAlp1</literal> |
---|
777 | </entry> |
---|
778 | <entry> |
---|
779 | Angle with respect to the y axis from the centre of the side |
---|
780 | (lower endcap) |
---|
781 | </entry> |
---|
782 | </row> |
---|
783 | <row> |
---|
784 | <entry> |
---|
785 | <literal>pAlp2</literal> |
---|
786 | </entry> |
---|
787 | <entry> |
---|
788 | Angle with respect to the y axis from the centre of the side |
---|
789 | (upper endcap) |
---|
790 | </entry> |
---|
791 | </row> |
---|
792 | </tbody> |
---|
793 | </tgroup> |
---|
794 | </informaltable> |
---|
795 | </para> |
---|
796 | |
---|
797 | <para> |
---|
798 | <emphasis role="bold">Note on <literal>pAlph1/2</literal></emphasis>: the |
---|
799 | two angles have to be the |
---|
800 | same due to the planarity condition. |
---|
801 | </para> |
---|
802 | |
---|
803 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
804 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
805 | Sphere or Spherical Shell Section: |
---|
806 | </bridgehead> |
---|
807 | |
---|
808 | <para> |
---|
809 | To build a <emphasis role="bold">sphere</emphasis>, or a |
---|
810 | <emphasis role="bold">spherical shell section</emphasis>, use: |
---|
811 | |
---|
812 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
813 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
814 | <tbody> |
---|
815 | <row> |
---|
816 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
817 | <informalexample> |
---|
818 | <programlisting> |
---|
819 | G4Sphere(const G4String& pName, |
---|
820 | G4double pRmin, |
---|
821 | G4double pRmax, |
---|
822 | G4double pSPhi, |
---|
823 | G4double pDPhi, |
---|
824 | G4double pSTheta, |
---|
825 | G4double pDTheta ) |
---|
826 | </programlisting> |
---|
827 | </informalexample> |
---|
828 | </entry> |
---|
829 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
830 | <mediaobject> |
---|
831 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
832 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aSphere.jpg" |
---|
833 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
834 | </imageobject> |
---|
835 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
836 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aSphere.jpg" |
---|
837 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
838 | </imageobject> |
---|
839 | </mediaobject> |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | <?JavaScript pic7.html ?> |
---|
842 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
843 | <literal> |
---|
844 | <para> |
---|
845 | pRmin = 100, pRmax = 120, |
---|
846 | pSPhi = 0*Degree, pDPhi = 180*Degree, |
---|
847 | pSTheta = 0 Degree, pDTheta = 180*Degree |
---|
848 | </para> |
---|
849 | </literal> |
---|
850 | </entry> |
---|
851 | </row> |
---|
852 | </tbody> |
---|
853 | </tgroup> |
---|
854 | </informaltable> |
---|
855 | </para> |
---|
856 | |
---|
857 | <para> |
---|
858 | to obtain a solid with name <literal>pName</literal> and parameters: |
---|
859 | |
---|
860 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
861 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
862 | <tbody> |
---|
863 | <row> |
---|
864 | <entry> |
---|
865 | pRmin |
---|
866 | </entry> |
---|
867 | <entry> |
---|
868 | Inner radius |
---|
869 | </entry> |
---|
870 | </row> |
---|
871 | <row> |
---|
872 | <entry> |
---|
873 | pRmax |
---|
874 | </entry> |
---|
875 | <entry> |
---|
876 | Outer radius |
---|
877 | </entry> |
---|
878 | </row> |
---|
879 | <row> |
---|
880 | <entry> |
---|
881 | pSPhi |
---|
882 | </entry> |
---|
883 | <entry> |
---|
884 | Starting Phi angle of the segment in radians |
---|
885 | </entry> |
---|
886 | </row> |
---|
887 | <row> |
---|
888 | <entry> |
---|
889 | pDPhi |
---|
890 | </entry> |
---|
891 | <entry> |
---|
892 | Delta Phi angle of the segment in radians |
---|
893 | </entry> |
---|
894 | </row> |
---|
895 | <row> |
---|
896 | <entry> |
---|
897 | pSTheta |
---|
898 | </entry> |
---|
899 | <entry> |
---|
900 | Starting Theta angle of the segment in radians |
---|
901 | </entry> |
---|
902 | </row> |
---|
903 | <row> |
---|
904 | <entry> |
---|
905 | pDTheta |
---|
906 | </entry> |
---|
907 | <entry> |
---|
908 | Delta Theta angle of the segment in radians |
---|
909 | </entry> |
---|
910 | </row> |
---|
911 | </tbody> |
---|
912 | </tgroup> |
---|
913 | </informaltable> |
---|
914 | </para> |
---|
915 | |
---|
916 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
917 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
918 | Full Solid Sphere: |
---|
919 | </bridgehead> |
---|
920 | |
---|
921 | <para> |
---|
922 | To build a <emphasis role="bold">full solid sphere</emphasis> |
---|
923 | use: |
---|
924 | |
---|
925 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
926 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
927 | <tbody> |
---|
928 | <row> |
---|
929 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
930 | <informalexample> |
---|
931 | <programlisting> |
---|
932 | G4Orb(const G4String& pName, |
---|
933 | G4double pRmax) |
---|
934 | </programlisting> |
---|
935 | </informalexample> |
---|
936 | </entry> |
---|
937 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
938 | <mediaobject> |
---|
939 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
940 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aOrb.jpg" |
---|
941 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
942 | </imageobject> |
---|
943 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
944 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aOrb.jpg" |
---|
945 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
946 | </imageobject> |
---|
947 | </mediaobject> |
---|
948 | |
---|
949 | <?JavaScript pic8.html ?> |
---|
950 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
951 | <literal> |
---|
952 | <para> |
---|
953 | pRmax = 100 |
---|
954 | </para> |
---|
955 | </literal> |
---|
956 | </entry> |
---|
957 | </row> |
---|
958 | </tbody> |
---|
959 | </tgroup> |
---|
960 | </informaltable> |
---|
961 | </para> |
---|
962 | |
---|
963 | <para> |
---|
964 | The Orb can be obtained from a Sphere with: |
---|
965 | <literal>pRmin</literal> = 0, <literal>pSPhi</literal> = 0, |
---|
966 | <literal>pDPhi</literal> = 2*Pi, |
---|
967 | <literal>pSTheta</literal> = 0, <literal>pDTheta</literal> = Pi |
---|
968 | |
---|
969 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
970 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
971 | <tbody> |
---|
972 | <row> |
---|
973 | <entry> |
---|
974 | pRmax |
---|
975 | </entry> |
---|
976 | <entry> |
---|
977 | Outer radius |
---|
978 | </entry> |
---|
979 | </row> |
---|
980 | </tbody> |
---|
981 | </tgroup> |
---|
982 | </informaltable> |
---|
983 | </para> |
---|
984 | |
---|
985 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
986 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
987 | Torus: |
---|
988 | </bridgehead> |
---|
989 | |
---|
990 | <para> |
---|
991 | To build a <emphasis role="bold">torus</emphasis> use: |
---|
992 | |
---|
993 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
994 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
995 | <tbody> |
---|
996 | <row> |
---|
997 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
998 | <informalexample> |
---|
999 | <programlisting> |
---|
1000 | G4Torus(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1001 | G4double pRmin, |
---|
1002 | G4double pRmax, |
---|
1003 | G4double pRtor, |
---|
1004 | G4double pSPhi, |
---|
1005 | G4double pDPhi) |
---|
1006 | </programlisting> |
---|
1007 | </informalexample> |
---|
1008 | </entry> |
---|
1009 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1010 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1011 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1012 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTorus.jpg" |
---|
1013 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1014 | </imageobject> |
---|
1015 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1016 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTorus.jpg" |
---|
1017 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1018 | </imageobject> |
---|
1019 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1020 | |
---|
1021 | <?JavaScript pic9.html ?> |
---|
1022 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1023 | <literal> |
---|
1024 | <para> |
---|
1025 | pRmin = 40, pRmax = 60, pRtor = 200, |
---|
1026 | pSPhi = 0, pDPhi = 90*Degree |
---|
1027 | </para> |
---|
1028 | </literal> |
---|
1029 | </entry> |
---|
1030 | </row> |
---|
1031 | </tbody> |
---|
1032 | </tgroup> |
---|
1033 | </informaltable> |
---|
1034 | </para> |
---|
1035 | |
---|
1036 | <para> |
---|
1037 | to obtain a solid with name <literal>pName</literal> and parameters: |
---|
1038 | |
---|
1039 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1040 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1041 | <tbody> |
---|
1042 | <row> |
---|
1043 | <entry> |
---|
1044 | pRmin |
---|
1045 | </entry> |
---|
1046 | <entry> |
---|
1047 | Inside radius |
---|
1048 | </entry> |
---|
1049 | </row> |
---|
1050 | <row> |
---|
1051 | <entry> |
---|
1052 | pRmax |
---|
1053 | </entry> |
---|
1054 | <entry> |
---|
1055 | Outside radius |
---|
1056 | </entry> |
---|
1057 | </row> |
---|
1058 | <row> |
---|
1059 | <entry> |
---|
1060 | pRtor |
---|
1061 | </entry> |
---|
1062 | <entry> |
---|
1063 | Swept radius of torus |
---|
1064 | </entry> |
---|
1065 | </row> |
---|
1066 | <row> |
---|
1067 | <entry> |
---|
1068 | pSPhi |
---|
1069 | </entry> |
---|
1070 | <entry> |
---|
1071 | Starting Phi angle in radians (<literal>fSPhi+fDPhi<=2PI</literal>, |
---|
1072 | <literal>fSPhi>-2PI</literal>) |
---|
1073 | </entry> |
---|
1074 | </row> |
---|
1075 | <row> |
---|
1076 | <entry> |
---|
1077 | pDPhi |
---|
1078 | </entry> |
---|
1079 | <entry> |
---|
1080 | Delta angle of the segment in radians |
---|
1081 | </entry> |
---|
1082 | </row> |
---|
1083 | </tbody> |
---|
1084 | </tgroup> |
---|
1085 | </informaltable> |
---|
1086 | </para> |
---|
1087 | |
---|
1088 | <para> |
---|
1089 | In addition, the Geant4 Design Documentation shows in the Solids |
---|
1090 | Class Diagram the complete list of CSG classes, and the STEP |
---|
1091 | documentation contains a detailed EXPRESS description of each CSG |
---|
1092 | solid. |
---|
1093 | </para> |
---|
1094 | |
---|
1095 | |
---|
1096 | |
---|
1097 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1098 | <bridgehead renderas='sect3'> |
---|
1099 | Specific CSG Solids |
---|
1100 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1101 | |
---|
1102 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1103 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1104 | Polycons: |
---|
1105 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1106 | |
---|
1107 | <para> |
---|
1108 | <emphasis role="bold">Polycons</emphasis> (PCON) are implemented in Geant4 through the |
---|
1109 | <literal>G4Polycon</literal> class: |
---|
1110 | |
---|
1111 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1112 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1113 | <tbody> |
---|
1114 | <row> |
---|
1115 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1116 | <informalexample> |
---|
1117 | <programlisting> |
---|
1118 | G4Polycone(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1119 | G4double phiStart, |
---|
1120 | G4double phiTotal, |
---|
1121 | G4int numZPlanes, |
---|
1122 | const G4double zPlane[], |
---|
1123 | const G4double rInner[], |
---|
1124 | const G4double rOuter[]) |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | G4Polycone(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1127 | G4double phiStart, |
---|
1128 | G4double phiTotal, |
---|
1129 | G4int numRZ, |
---|
1130 | const G4double r[], |
---|
1131 | const G4double z[]) |
---|
1132 | </programlisting> |
---|
1133 | </informalexample> |
---|
1134 | </entry> |
---|
1135 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1136 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1137 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1138 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aBREPSolidPCone.jpg" |
---|
1139 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1140 | </imageobject> |
---|
1141 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1142 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aBREPSolidPCone.jpg" |
---|
1143 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1144 | </imageobject> |
---|
1145 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1146 | |
---|
1147 | <?JavaScript pic10.html ?> |
---|
1148 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1149 | <literal> |
---|
1150 | <para> |
---|
1151 | phiStart = 1/4*Pi, phiTotal = 3/2*Pi, numZPlanes = 9, |
---|
1152 | rInner = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, |
---|
1153 | rOuter = { 0, 10, 10, 5 , 5, 10 , 10 , 2, 2}, |
---|
1154 | z = { 5, 7, 9, 11, 25, 27, 29, 31, 35 } |
---|
1155 | </para> |
---|
1156 | </literal> |
---|
1157 | </entry> |
---|
1158 | </row> |
---|
1159 | </tbody> |
---|
1160 | </tgroup> |
---|
1161 | </informaltable> |
---|
1162 | </para> |
---|
1163 | |
---|
1164 | <para> |
---|
1165 | where: |
---|
1166 | |
---|
1167 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1168 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1169 | <tbody> |
---|
1170 | <row> |
---|
1171 | <entry> |
---|
1172 | phiStart |
---|
1173 | </entry> |
---|
1174 | <entry> |
---|
1175 | Initial Phi starting angle |
---|
1176 | </entry> |
---|
1177 | </row> |
---|
1178 | <row> |
---|
1179 | <entry> |
---|
1180 | phiTotal |
---|
1181 | </entry> |
---|
1182 | <entry> |
---|
1183 | Total Phi angle |
---|
1184 | </entry> |
---|
1185 | </row> |
---|
1186 | <row> |
---|
1187 | <entry> |
---|
1188 | numZPlanes |
---|
1189 | </entry> |
---|
1190 | <entry> |
---|
1191 | Number of z planes |
---|
1192 | </entry> |
---|
1193 | </row> |
---|
1194 | <row> |
---|
1195 | <entry> |
---|
1196 | numRZ |
---|
1197 | </entry> |
---|
1198 | <entry> |
---|
1199 | Number of corners in r,z space |
---|
1200 | </entry> |
---|
1201 | </row> |
---|
1202 | <row> |
---|
1203 | <entry> |
---|
1204 | zPlane |
---|
1205 | </entry> |
---|
1206 | <entry> |
---|
1207 | Position of z planes |
---|
1208 | </entry> |
---|
1209 | </row> |
---|
1210 | <row> |
---|
1211 | <entry> |
---|
1212 | rInner |
---|
1213 | </entry> |
---|
1214 | <entry> |
---|
1215 | Tangent distance to inner surface |
---|
1216 | </entry> |
---|
1217 | </row> |
---|
1218 | <row> |
---|
1219 | <entry> |
---|
1220 | rOuter |
---|
1221 | </entry> |
---|
1222 | <entry> |
---|
1223 | Tangent distance to outer surface |
---|
1224 | </entry> |
---|
1225 | </row> |
---|
1226 | <row> |
---|
1227 | <entry> |
---|
1228 | r |
---|
1229 | </entry> |
---|
1230 | <entry> |
---|
1231 | r coordinate of corners |
---|
1232 | </entry> |
---|
1233 | </row> |
---|
1234 | <row> |
---|
1235 | <entry> |
---|
1236 | z |
---|
1237 | </entry> |
---|
1238 | <entry> |
---|
1239 | z coordinate of corners |
---|
1240 | </entry> |
---|
1241 | </row> |
---|
1242 | </tbody> |
---|
1243 | </tgroup> |
---|
1244 | </informaltable> |
---|
1245 | </para> |
---|
1246 | |
---|
1247 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1248 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1249 | Polyhedra (PGON): |
---|
1250 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1251 | |
---|
1252 | <para> |
---|
1253 | <emphasis role="bold">Polyhedra</emphasis> (PGON) are implemented through |
---|
1254 | <literal>G4Polyhedra</literal>: |
---|
1255 | |
---|
1256 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1257 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1258 | <tbody> |
---|
1259 | <row> |
---|
1260 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1261 | <informalexample> |
---|
1262 | <programlisting> |
---|
1263 | G4Polyhedra(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1264 | G4double phiStart, |
---|
1265 | G4double phiTotal, |
---|
1266 | G4int numSide, |
---|
1267 | G4int numZPlanes, |
---|
1268 | const G4double zPlane[], |
---|
1269 | const G4double rInner[], |
---|
1270 | const G4double rOuter[] ) |
---|
1271 | |
---|
1272 | G4Polyhedra(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1273 | G4double phiStart, |
---|
1274 | G4double phiTotal, |
---|
1275 | G4int numSide, |
---|
1276 | G4int numRZ, |
---|
1277 | const G4double r[], |
---|
1278 | const G4double z[] ) |
---|
1279 | </programlisting> |
---|
1280 | </informalexample> |
---|
1281 | </entry> |
---|
1282 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1283 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1284 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1285 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aBREPSolidPolyhedra.jpg" |
---|
1286 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1287 | </imageobject> |
---|
1288 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1289 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aBREPSolidPolyhedra.jpg" |
---|
1290 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1291 | </imageobject> |
---|
1292 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1293 | |
---|
1294 | <?JavaScript pic11.html ?> |
---|
1295 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1296 | <literal> |
---|
1297 | <para> |
---|
1298 | phiStart = -1/4*Pi, phiTotal= 5/4*Pi, |
---|
1299 | numSide = 3, nunZPlanes = 7, |
---|
1300 | rInner = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, |
---|
1301 | rOuter = { 0, 15, 15, 4, 4, 10, 10 }, |
---|
1302 | z = { 0, 5, 8, 13 , 30, 32, 35 } |
---|
1303 | </para> |
---|
1304 | </literal> |
---|
1305 | </entry> |
---|
1306 | </row> |
---|
1307 | </tbody> |
---|
1308 | </tgroup> |
---|
1309 | </informaltable> |
---|
1310 | </para> |
---|
1311 | |
---|
1312 | <para> |
---|
1313 | where: |
---|
1314 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1315 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1316 | <tbody> |
---|
1317 | <row> |
---|
1318 | <entry> |
---|
1319 | <literal>phiStart</literal> |
---|
1320 | </entry> |
---|
1321 | <entry> |
---|
1322 | Initial Phi starting angle |
---|
1323 | </entry> |
---|
1324 | </row> |
---|
1325 | <row> |
---|
1326 | <entry> |
---|
1327 | <literal>phiTotal</literal> |
---|
1328 | </entry> |
---|
1329 | <entry> |
---|
1330 | Total Phi angle |
---|
1331 | </entry> |
---|
1332 | </row> |
---|
1333 | <row> |
---|
1334 | <entry> |
---|
1335 | <literal>numSide</literal> |
---|
1336 | </entry> |
---|
1337 | <entry> |
---|
1338 | Number of sides |
---|
1339 | </entry> |
---|
1340 | </row> |
---|
1341 | <row> |
---|
1342 | <entry> |
---|
1343 | <literal>numZPlanes</literal> |
---|
1344 | </entry> |
---|
1345 | <entry> |
---|
1346 | Number of z planes |
---|
1347 | </entry> |
---|
1348 | </row> |
---|
1349 | <row> |
---|
1350 | <entry> |
---|
1351 | <literal>numRZ</literal> |
---|
1352 | </entry> |
---|
1353 | <entry> |
---|
1354 | Number of corners in r,z space |
---|
1355 | </entry> |
---|
1356 | </row> |
---|
1357 | <row> |
---|
1358 | <entry> |
---|
1359 | zPlane |
---|
1360 | </entry> |
---|
1361 | <entry> |
---|
1362 | Position of z planes |
---|
1363 | </entry> |
---|
1364 | </row> |
---|
1365 | <row> |
---|
1366 | <entry> |
---|
1367 | <literal>rInner</literal> |
---|
1368 | </entry> |
---|
1369 | <entry> |
---|
1370 | Tangent distance to inner surface |
---|
1371 | </entry> |
---|
1372 | </row> |
---|
1373 | <row> |
---|
1374 | <entry> |
---|
1375 | rOuter |
---|
1376 | </entry> |
---|
1377 | <entry> |
---|
1378 | Tangent distance to outer surface |
---|
1379 | </entry> |
---|
1380 | </row> |
---|
1381 | <row> |
---|
1382 | <entry> |
---|
1383 | <literal>r</literal> |
---|
1384 | </entry> |
---|
1385 | <entry> |
---|
1386 | r coordinate of corners |
---|
1387 | </entry> |
---|
1388 | </row> |
---|
1389 | <row> |
---|
1390 | <entry> |
---|
1391 | <literal>z</literal> |
---|
1392 | </entry> |
---|
1393 | <entry> |
---|
1394 | z coordinate of corners |
---|
1395 | </entry> |
---|
1396 | </row> |
---|
1397 | </tbody> |
---|
1398 | </tgroup> |
---|
1399 | </informaltable> |
---|
1400 | </para> |
---|
1401 | |
---|
1402 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1403 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1404 | Tube with an elliptical cross section: |
---|
1405 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1406 | |
---|
1407 | <para> |
---|
1408 | A <emphasis role="bold">tube with an elliptical cross |
---|
1409 | section</emphasis> (ELTU) can be defined as follows: |
---|
1410 | |
---|
1411 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1412 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1413 | <tbody> |
---|
1414 | <row> |
---|
1415 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1416 | <informalexample> |
---|
1417 | <programlisting> |
---|
1418 | G4EllipticalTube(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1419 | G4double Dx, |
---|
1420 | G4double Dy, |
---|
1421 | G4double Dz) |
---|
1422 | </programlisting> |
---|
1423 | </informalexample> |
---|
1424 | |
---|
1425 | The equation of the surface in x/y is <literal>1.0 = (x/dx)**2 +(y/dy)**2</literal> |
---|
1426 | </entry> |
---|
1427 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1428 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1429 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1430 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aEllipticalTube.jpg" |
---|
1431 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1432 | </imageobject> |
---|
1433 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1434 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aEllipticalTube.jpg" |
---|
1435 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1436 | </imageobject> |
---|
1437 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1438 | |
---|
1439 | <?JavaScript pic12.html ?> |
---|
1440 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1441 | <literal> |
---|
1442 | <para> |
---|
1443 | Dx = 5, Dy = 10, Dz = 20 |
---|
1444 | </para> |
---|
1445 | </literal> |
---|
1446 | </entry> |
---|
1447 | </row> |
---|
1448 | </tbody> |
---|
1449 | </tgroup> |
---|
1450 | </informaltable> |
---|
1451 | </para> |
---|
1452 | |
---|
1453 | <para> |
---|
1454 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1455 | <tgroup cols="6"> |
---|
1456 | <tbody> |
---|
1457 | <row> |
---|
1458 | <entry> |
---|
1459 | Dx |
---|
1460 | </entry> |
---|
1461 | <entry> |
---|
1462 | Half length X |
---|
1463 | </entry> |
---|
1464 | <entry> |
---|
1465 | Dy |
---|
1466 | </entry> |
---|
1467 | <entry> |
---|
1468 | Half length Y |
---|
1469 | </entry> |
---|
1470 | <entry> |
---|
1471 | Dz |
---|
1472 | </entry> |
---|
1473 | <entry> |
---|
1474 | Half length Z |
---|
1475 | </entry> |
---|
1476 | </row> |
---|
1477 | </tbody> |
---|
1478 | </tgroup> |
---|
1479 | </informaltable> |
---|
1480 | </para> |
---|
1481 | |
---|
1482 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1483 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1484 | General Ellipsoid: |
---|
1485 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1486 | |
---|
1487 | <para> |
---|
1488 | The general <emphasis role="bold">ellipsoid</emphasis> with |
---|
1489 | possible cut in <literal>Z</literal> can be defined as follows: |
---|
1490 | |
---|
1491 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1492 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1493 | <tbody> |
---|
1494 | <row> |
---|
1495 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1496 | <informalexample> |
---|
1497 | <programlisting> |
---|
1498 | G4Ellipsoid(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1499 | G4double pxSemiAxis, |
---|
1500 | G4double pySemiAxis, |
---|
1501 | G4double pzSemiAxis, |
---|
1502 | G4double pzBottomCut=0, |
---|
1503 | G4double pzTopCut=0) |
---|
1504 | </programlisting> |
---|
1505 | </informalexample> |
---|
1506 | </entry> |
---|
1507 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1508 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1509 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1510 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aEllipsoid.jpg" |
---|
1511 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1512 | </imageobject> |
---|
1513 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1514 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aEllipsoid.jpg" |
---|
1515 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1516 | </imageobject> |
---|
1517 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1518 | |
---|
1519 | <?JavaScript pic13.html ?> |
---|
1520 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1521 | <literal> |
---|
1522 | <para> |
---|
1523 | pxSemiAxis = 10, pySemiAxis = 20, pzSemiAxis = 50, |
---|
1524 | pzBottomCut = -10, pzTopCut = 40 |
---|
1525 | </para> |
---|
1526 | </literal> |
---|
1527 | </entry> |
---|
1528 | </row> |
---|
1529 | </tbody> |
---|
1530 | </tgroup> |
---|
1531 | </informaltable> |
---|
1532 | </para> |
---|
1533 | |
---|
1534 | <para> |
---|
1535 | A general (or triaxial) ellipsoid is a quadratic surface which is |
---|
1536 | given in Cartesian coordinates by: |
---|
1537 | |
---|
1538 | <informalexample> |
---|
1539 | <programlisting> |
---|
1540 | 1.0 = (x/pxSemiAxis)**2 + (y/pySemiAxis)**2 + (z/pzSemiAxis)**2 |
---|
1541 | </programlisting> |
---|
1542 | </informalexample> |
---|
1543 | |
---|
1544 | where: |
---|
1545 | |
---|
1546 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1547 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1548 | <tbody> |
---|
1549 | <row> |
---|
1550 | <entry> |
---|
1551 | <literal>pxSemiAxis</literal> |
---|
1552 | </entry> |
---|
1553 | <entry> |
---|
1554 | Semiaxis in X |
---|
1555 | </entry> |
---|
1556 | </row> |
---|
1557 | <row> |
---|
1558 | <entry> |
---|
1559 | pySemiAxis |
---|
1560 | </entry> |
---|
1561 | <entry> |
---|
1562 | Semiaxis in Y |
---|
1563 | </entry> |
---|
1564 | </row> |
---|
1565 | <row> |
---|
1566 | <entry> |
---|
1567 | pzSemiAxis |
---|
1568 | </entry> |
---|
1569 | <entry> |
---|
1570 | Semiaxis in Z |
---|
1571 | </entry> |
---|
1572 | </row> |
---|
1573 | <row> |
---|
1574 | <entry> |
---|
1575 | pzBottomCut |
---|
1576 | </entry> |
---|
1577 | <entry> |
---|
1578 | lower cut plane level, z |
---|
1579 | </entry> |
---|
1580 | </row> |
---|
1581 | <row> |
---|
1582 | <entry> |
---|
1583 | pzTopCut |
---|
1584 | </entry> |
---|
1585 | <entry> |
---|
1586 | upper cut plane level, z |
---|
1587 | </entry> |
---|
1588 | </row> |
---|
1589 | </tbody> |
---|
1590 | </tgroup> |
---|
1591 | </informaltable> |
---|
1592 | </para> |
---|
1593 | |
---|
1594 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1595 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1596 | Cone with Elliptical Cross Section: |
---|
1597 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1598 | |
---|
1599 | <para> |
---|
1600 | A <emphasis role="bold">cone with an elliptical cross section</emphasis> |
---|
1601 | can be defined as follows: |
---|
1602 | |
---|
1603 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1604 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1605 | <tbody> |
---|
1606 | <row> |
---|
1607 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1608 | <informalexample> |
---|
1609 | <programlisting> |
---|
1610 | G4EllipticalCone(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1611 | G4double pxSemiAxis, |
---|
1612 | G4double pySemiAxis, |
---|
1613 | G4double zMax, |
---|
1614 | G4double pzTopCut) |
---|
1615 | </programlisting> |
---|
1616 | </informalexample> |
---|
1617 | </entry> |
---|
1618 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1619 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1620 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1621 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aEllipticalCone.jpg" |
---|
1622 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1623 | </imageobject> |
---|
1624 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1625 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aEllipticalCone.jpg" |
---|
1626 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1627 | </imageobject> |
---|
1628 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1629 | |
---|
1630 | <?JavaScript pic14.html ?> |
---|
1631 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1632 | <literal> |
---|
1633 | <para> |
---|
1634 | pxSemiAxis = 30/75, pySemiAxis = 60/75, zMax = 50, pzTopCut = 25 |
---|
1635 | </para> |
---|
1636 | </literal> |
---|
1637 | </entry> |
---|
1638 | </row> |
---|
1639 | </tbody> |
---|
1640 | </tgroup> |
---|
1641 | </informaltable> |
---|
1642 | </para> |
---|
1643 | |
---|
1644 | <para> |
---|
1645 | where: |
---|
1646 | |
---|
1647 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1648 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1649 | <tbody> |
---|
1650 | <row> |
---|
1651 | <entry> |
---|
1652 | pxSemiAxis |
---|
1653 | </entry> |
---|
1654 | <entry> |
---|
1655 | Semiaxis in X |
---|
1656 | </entry> |
---|
1657 | </row> |
---|
1658 | <row> |
---|
1659 | <entry> |
---|
1660 | pySemiAxis |
---|
1661 | </entry> |
---|
1662 | <entry> |
---|
1663 | Semiaxis in Y |
---|
1664 | </entry> |
---|
1665 | </row> |
---|
1666 | <row> |
---|
1667 | <entry> |
---|
1668 | zMax |
---|
1669 | </entry> |
---|
1670 | <entry> |
---|
1671 | Height of elliptical cone |
---|
1672 | </entry> |
---|
1673 | </row> |
---|
1674 | <row> |
---|
1675 | <entry> |
---|
1676 | pzTopCut |
---|
1677 | </entry> |
---|
1678 | <entry> |
---|
1679 | upper cut plane level |
---|
1680 | </entry> |
---|
1681 | </row> |
---|
1682 | </tbody> |
---|
1683 | </tgroup> |
---|
1684 | </informaltable> |
---|
1685 | </para> |
---|
1686 | |
---|
1687 | <para> |
---|
1688 | An elliptical cone of height <literal>zMax</literal>, semiaxis |
---|
1689 | <literal>pxSemiAxis</literal>, and semiaxis <literal>pySemiAxis</literal> |
---|
1690 | is given by the parametric equations: |
---|
1691 | |
---|
1692 | <informalexample> |
---|
1693 | <programlisting> |
---|
1694 | x = pxSemiAxis * ( zMax - u ) / u * Cos(v) |
---|
1695 | y = pySemiAxis * ( zMax - u ) / u * Sin(v) |
---|
1696 | z = u |
---|
1697 | </programlisting> |
---|
1698 | </informalexample> |
---|
1699 | |
---|
1700 | Where <literal>v</literal> is between <literal>0</literal> and |
---|
1701 | <literal>2*Pi</literal>, and |
---|
1702 | <literal>u</literal> between <literal>0</literal> and |
---|
1703 | <literal>h</literal> respectively. |
---|
1704 | </para> |
---|
1705 | |
---|
1706 | |
---|
1707 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1708 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1709 | Paraboloid, a solid with parabolic profile: |
---|
1710 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1711 | |
---|
1712 | <para> |
---|
1713 | A <emphasis role="bold">solid with parabolic profile</emphasis> and possible cuts along |
---|
1714 | the <literal>Z</literal> axis can be defined as follows: |
---|
1715 | |
---|
1716 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1717 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1718 | <tbody> |
---|
1719 | <row> |
---|
1720 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1721 | <informalexample> |
---|
1722 | <programlisting> |
---|
1723 | G4Paraboloid(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1724 | G4double Dz, |
---|
1725 | G4double R1, |
---|
1726 | G4double R2) |
---|
1727 | </programlisting> |
---|
1728 | </informalexample> |
---|
1729 | |
---|
1730 | The equation for the solid is: |
---|
1731 | <informalexample> |
---|
1732 | <programlisting> |
---|
1733 | rho**2 <= k1 * z + k2; |
---|
1734 | -dz <= z <= dz |
---|
1735 | r1**2 = k1 * (-dz) + k2 |
---|
1736 | r2**2 = k1 * ( dz) + k2 |
---|
1737 | </programlisting> |
---|
1738 | </informalexample> |
---|
1739 | |
---|
1740 | </entry> |
---|
1741 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1742 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1743 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1744 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aParaboloid.jpg" |
---|
1745 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1746 | </imageobject> |
---|
1747 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1748 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aParaboloid.jpg" |
---|
1749 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1750 | </imageobject> |
---|
1751 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1752 | |
---|
1753 | <?JavaScript pic21.html ?> |
---|
1754 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1755 | <literal> |
---|
1756 | <para> |
---|
1757 | R1 = 20, R2 = 35, Dz = 20 |
---|
1758 | </para> |
---|
1759 | </literal> |
---|
1760 | </entry> |
---|
1761 | </row> |
---|
1762 | </tbody> |
---|
1763 | </tgroup> |
---|
1764 | </informaltable> |
---|
1765 | </para> |
---|
1766 | |
---|
1767 | <para> |
---|
1768 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1769 | <tgroup cols="6"> |
---|
1770 | <tbody> |
---|
1771 | <row> |
---|
1772 | <entry> |
---|
1773 | Dz |
---|
1774 | </entry> |
---|
1775 | <entry> |
---|
1776 | Half length Z |
---|
1777 | </entry> |
---|
1778 | <entry> |
---|
1779 | R1 |
---|
1780 | </entry> |
---|
1781 | <entry> |
---|
1782 | Radius at -Dz |
---|
1783 | </entry> |
---|
1784 | <entry> |
---|
1785 | R2 |
---|
1786 | </entry> |
---|
1787 | <entry> |
---|
1788 | Radius at +Dz greater than R1 |
---|
1789 | </entry> |
---|
1790 | </row> |
---|
1791 | </tbody> |
---|
1792 | </tgroup> |
---|
1793 | </informaltable> |
---|
1794 | </para> |
---|
1795 | |
---|
1796 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1797 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1798 | Tube with Hyperbolic Profile: |
---|
1799 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1800 | |
---|
1801 | <para> |
---|
1802 | A <emphasis role="bold">tube with a hyperbolic |
---|
1803 | profile</emphasis> (HYPE) can be defined as follows: |
---|
1804 | |
---|
1805 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1806 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1807 | <tbody> |
---|
1808 | <row> |
---|
1809 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1810 | <informalexample> |
---|
1811 | <programlisting> |
---|
1812 | G4Hype(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1813 | G4double innerRadius, |
---|
1814 | G4double outerRadius, |
---|
1815 | G4double innerStereo, |
---|
1816 | G4double outerStereo, |
---|
1817 | G4double halfLenZ) |
---|
1818 | </programlisting> |
---|
1819 | </informalexample> |
---|
1820 | </entry> |
---|
1821 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1822 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1823 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1824 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aHyperboloid.jpg" |
---|
1825 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1826 | </imageobject> |
---|
1827 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1828 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aHyperboloid.jpg" |
---|
1829 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1830 | </imageobject> |
---|
1831 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1832 | |
---|
1833 | <?JavaScript pic15.html ?> |
---|
1834 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1835 | <literal> |
---|
1836 | <para> |
---|
1837 | innerStereo = 0.7, outerStereo = 0.7, |
---|
1838 | halfLenZ = 50, |
---|
1839 | innerRadius = 20, outerRadius = 30 |
---|
1840 | </para> |
---|
1841 | </literal> |
---|
1842 | </entry> |
---|
1843 | </row> |
---|
1844 | </tbody> |
---|
1845 | </tgroup> |
---|
1846 | </informaltable> |
---|
1847 | </para> |
---|
1848 | |
---|
1849 | <para> |
---|
1850 | <literal>G4Hype</literal> is shaped with curved sides parallel to the |
---|
1851 | <literal>z</literal>-axis, has a specified half-length along the <literal>z</literal> |
---|
1852 | axis about which it is centred, and a given minimum and maximum |
---|
1853 | radius. |
---|
1854 | </para> |
---|
1855 | |
---|
1856 | <para> |
---|
1857 | A minimum radius of <literal>0</literal> defines a filled Hype (with |
---|
1858 | hyperbolic inner surface), i.e. inner radius = 0 AND inner stereo |
---|
1859 | angle = 0. |
---|
1860 | </para> |
---|
1861 | |
---|
1862 | <para> |
---|
1863 | The inner and outer hyperbolic surfaces can have different stereo |
---|
1864 | angles. A stereo angle of <literal>0</literal> gives a cylindrical |
---|
1865 | surface: |
---|
1866 | |
---|
1867 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1868 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1869 | <tbody> |
---|
1870 | <row> |
---|
1871 | <entry> |
---|
1872 | <literal>innerRadius</literal> |
---|
1873 | </entry> |
---|
1874 | <entry> |
---|
1875 | Inner radius |
---|
1876 | </entry> |
---|
1877 | </row> |
---|
1878 | <row> |
---|
1879 | <entry> |
---|
1880 | <literal>outerRadius</literal> |
---|
1881 | </entry> |
---|
1882 | <entry> |
---|
1883 | Outer radius |
---|
1884 | </entry> |
---|
1885 | </row> |
---|
1886 | <row> |
---|
1887 | <entry> |
---|
1888 | <literal>innerStereo</literal> |
---|
1889 | </entry> |
---|
1890 | <entry> |
---|
1891 | Inner stereo angle in radians |
---|
1892 | </entry> |
---|
1893 | </row> |
---|
1894 | <row> |
---|
1895 | <entry> |
---|
1896 | <literal>outerStereo</literal> |
---|
1897 | </entry> |
---|
1898 | <entry> |
---|
1899 | Outer stereo angle in radians |
---|
1900 | </entry> |
---|
1901 | </row> |
---|
1902 | <row> |
---|
1903 | <entry> |
---|
1904 | <literal>halfLenZ</literal> |
---|
1905 | </entry> |
---|
1906 | <entry> |
---|
1907 | Half length in Z |
---|
1908 | </entry> |
---|
1909 | </row> |
---|
1910 | </tbody> |
---|
1911 | </tgroup> |
---|
1912 | </informaltable> |
---|
1913 | </para> |
---|
1914 | |
---|
1915 | |
---|
1916 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
1917 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
1918 | Tetrahedra: |
---|
1919 | </bridgehead> |
---|
1920 | |
---|
1921 | <para> |
---|
1922 | A <emphasis role="bold">tetrahedra</emphasis> solid can be |
---|
1923 | defined as follows: |
---|
1924 | |
---|
1925 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
1926 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
1927 | <tbody> |
---|
1928 | <row> |
---|
1929 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
1930 | <informalexample> |
---|
1931 | <programlisting> |
---|
1932 | G4Tet(const G4String& pName, |
---|
1933 | G4ThreeVector anchor, |
---|
1934 | G4ThreeVector p2, |
---|
1935 | G4ThreeVector p3, |
---|
1936 | G4ThreeVector p4, |
---|
1937 | G4bool *degeneracyFlag=0) |
---|
1938 | </programlisting> |
---|
1939 | </informalexample> |
---|
1940 | </entry> |
---|
1941 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
1942 | <mediaobject> |
---|
1943 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
1944 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTet.jpg" |
---|
1945 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
1946 | </imageobject> |
---|
1947 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
1948 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTet.jpg" |
---|
1949 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
1950 | </imageobject> |
---|
1951 | </mediaobject> |
---|
1952 | |
---|
1953 | <?JavaScript pic16.html ?> |
---|
1954 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
1955 | <literal> |
---|
1956 | <para> |
---|
1957 | anchor = {0, 0, sqrt(3)}, |
---|
1958 | p2 = { 0, 2*sqrt(2/3), -1/sqrt(3) }, |
---|
1959 | p3 = { -sqrt(2), -sqrt(2/3),-1/sqrt(3) }, |
---|
1960 | p4 = { sqrt(2), -sqrt(2/3) , -1/sqrt(3) } |
---|
1961 | </para> |
---|
1962 | </literal> |
---|
1963 | </entry> |
---|
1964 | </row> |
---|
1965 | </tbody> |
---|
1966 | </tgroup> |
---|
1967 | </informaltable> |
---|
1968 | </para> |
---|
1969 | |
---|
1970 | <para> |
---|
1971 | The solid is defined by 4 points in space: |
---|
1972 | |
---|
1973 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
1974 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
1975 | <tbody> |
---|
1976 | <row> |
---|
1977 | <entry> |
---|
1978 | <literal>anchor</literal> |
---|
1979 | </entry> |
---|
1980 | <entry> |
---|
1981 | Anchor point |
---|
1982 | </entry> |
---|
1983 | </row> |
---|
1984 | <row> |
---|
1985 | <entry> |
---|
1986 | <literal>p2</literal> |
---|
1987 | </entry> |
---|
1988 | <entry> |
---|
1989 | Point 2 |
---|
1990 | </entry> |
---|
1991 | </row> |
---|
1992 | <row> |
---|
1993 | <entry> |
---|
1994 | <literal>p3</literal> |
---|
1995 | </entry> |
---|
1996 | <entry> |
---|
1997 | Point 3 |
---|
1998 | </entry> |
---|
1999 | </row> |
---|
2000 | <row> |
---|
2001 | <entry> |
---|
2002 | <literal>p4</literal> |
---|
2003 | </entry> |
---|
2004 | <entry> |
---|
2005 | Point 4 |
---|
2006 | </entry> |
---|
2007 | </row> |
---|
2008 | <row> |
---|
2009 | <entry> |
---|
2010 | degeneracyFlag |
---|
2011 | </entry> |
---|
2012 | <entry> |
---|
2013 | Flag indicating degeneracy of points |
---|
2014 | </entry> |
---|
2015 | </row> |
---|
2016 | <row> |
---|
2017 | <entry> |
---|
2018 | |
---|
2019 | </entry> |
---|
2020 | <entry> |
---|
2021 | |
---|
2022 | </entry> |
---|
2023 | </row> |
---|
2024 | </tbody> |
---|
2025 | </tgroup> |
---|
2026 | </informaltable> |
---|
2027 | </para> |
---|
2028 | |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
2031 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
2032 | Extruded Polygon: |
---|
2033 | </bridgehead> |
---|
2034 | |
---|
2035 | <para> |
---|
2036 | The extrusion of an arbitrary polygon |
---|
2037 | (<emphasis role="bold">extruded solid</emphasis>) with fixed outline |
---|
2038 | in the defined <literal>Z</literal> sections can be defined as follows |
---|
2039 | (in a general way, or as special construct with two <literal>Z</literal> |
---|
2040 | sections): |
---|
2041 | |
---|
2042 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
2043 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
2044 | <tbody> |
---|
2045 | <row> |
---|
2046 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
2047 | <informalexample> |
---|
2048 | <programlisting> |
---|
2049 | G4ExtrudedSolid(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2050 | std::vector<G4TwoVector> polygon, |
---|
2051 | std::vector<ZSection> zsections) |
---|
2052 | |
---|
2053 | G4ExtrudedSolid(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2054 | std::vector<G4TwoVector> polygon, |
---|
2055 | G4double hz, |
---|
2056 | G4TwoVector off1, G4double scale1, |
---|
2057 | G4TwoVector off2, G4double scale2) |
---|
2058 | </programlisting> |
---|
2059 | </informalexample> |
---|
2060 | </entry> |
---|
2061 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
2062 | <mediaobject> |
---|
2063 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
2064 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aExtrudedSolid.jpg" |
---|
2065 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
2066 | </imageobject> |
---|
2067 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
2068 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aExtrudedSolid.jpg" |
---|
2069 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
2070 | </imageobject> |
---|
2071 | </mediaobject> |
---|
2072 | |
---|
2073 | <?JavaScript pic22.html ?> |
---|
2074 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
2075 | <literal> |
---|
2076 | <para> |
---|
2077 | poligon = {-30,-30},{-30,30},{30,30},{30,-30}, |
---|
2078 | {15,-30},{15,15},{-15,15},{-15,-30}</para> |
---|
2079 | <para> |
---|
2080 | zsections = [-60,{0,30},0.8], [-15, {0,-30},1.], |
---|
2081 | [10,{0,0},0.6], [60,{0,30},1.2]</para> |
---|
2082 | </literal> |
---|
2083 | </entry> |
---|
2084 | </row> |
---|
2085 | </tbody> |
---|
2086 | </tgroup> |
---|
2087 | </informaltable> |
---|
2088 | </para> |
---|
2089 | |
---|
2090 | <para> |
---|
2091 | The z-sides of the solid are the scaled versions of the same polygon. |
---|
2092 | |
---|
2093 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
2094 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
2095 | <tbody> |
---|
2096 | <row> |
---|
2097 | <entry> |
---|
2098 | <literal>polygon</literal> |
---|
2099 | </entry> |
---|
2100 | <entry> |
---|
2101 | the vertices of the outlined polygon defined in clock-wise order |
---|
2102 | </entry> |
---|
2103 | </row> |
---|
2104 | <row> |
---|
2105 | <entry> |
---|
2106 | <literal>zsections</literal> |
---|
2107 | </entry> |
---|
2108 | <entry> |
---|
2109 | the z-sections defined by z position in increasing order |
---|
2110 | </entry> |
---|
2111 | </row> |
---|
2112 | <row> |
---|
2113 | <entry> |
---|
2114 | <literal>hz</literal> |
---|
2115 | </entry> |
---|
2116 | <entry> |
---|
2117 | Half length in Z |
---|
2118 | </entry> |
---|
2119 | </row> |
---|
2120 | <row> |
---|
2121 | <entry> |
---|
2122 | <literal>off1, off2</literal> |
---|
2123 | </entry> |
---|
2124 | <entry> |
---|
2125 | Offset of the side in -hz and +hz respectively |
---|
2126 | </entry> |
---|
2127 | </row> |
---|
2128 | <row> |
---|
2129 | <entry> |
---|
2130 | <literal>scale1, scale2</literal> |
---|
2131 | </entry> |
---|
2132 | <entry> |
---|
2133 | Scale of the side in -hz and +hz respectively |
---|
2134 | </entry> |
---|
2135 | </row> |
---|
2136 | </tbody> |
---|
2137 | </tgroup> |
---|
2138 | </informaltable> |
---|
2139 | </para> |
---|
2140 | |
---|
2141 | |
---|
2142 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
2143 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
2144 | Box Twisted: |
---|
2145 | </bridgehead> |
---|
2146 | |
---|
2147 | <para> |
---|
2148 | A <emphasis role="bold">box twisted</emphasis> along one axis |
---|
2149 | can be defined as follows: |
---|
2150 | |
---|
2151 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
2152 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
2153 | <tbody> |
---|
2154 | <row> |
---|
2155 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
2156 | <informalexample> |
---|
2157 | <programlisting> |
---|
2158 | G4TwistedBox(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2159 | G4double twistedangle, |
---|
2160 | G4double pDx, |
---|
2161 | G4double pDy, |
---|
2162 | G4double pDz) |
---|
2163 | </programlisting> |
---|
2164 | </informalexample> |
---|
2165 | </entry> |
---|
2166 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
2167 | <mediaobject> |
---|
2168 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
2169 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedBox.jpg" |
---|
2170 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
2171 | </imageobject> |
---|
2172 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
2173 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedBox.jpg" |
---|
2174 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
2175 | </imageobject> |
---|
2176 | </mediaobject> |
---|
2177 | |
---|
2178 | <?JavaScript pic17.html ?> |
---|
2179 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
2180 | <literal> |
---|
2181 | <para> |
---|
2182 | twistedangle = 30*Degree, pDx = 30, pDy =40, pDz = 60 |
---|
2183 | </para> |
---|
2184 | </literal> |
---|
2185 | </entry> |
---|
2186 | </row> |
---|
2187 | </tbody> |
---|
2188 | </tgroup> |
---|
2189 | </informaltable> |
---|
2190 | </para> |
---|
2191 | |
---|
2192 | <para> |
---|
2193 | <literal>G4TwistedBox</literal> is a box twisted along the z-axis. The |
---|
2194 | twist angle cannot be greater than 90 degrees: |
---|
2195 | |
---|
2196 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
2197 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
2198 | <tbody> |
---|
2199 | <row> |
---|
2200 | <entry> |
---|
2201 | <literal>twistedangle</literal> |
---|
2202 | </entry> |
---|
2203 | <entry> |
---|
2204 | Twist angle |
---|
2205 | </entry> |
---|
2206 | </row> |
---|
2207 | <row> |
---|
2208 | <entry> |
---|
2209 | <literal>pDx</literal> |
---|
2210 | </entry> |
---|
2211 | <entry> |
---|
2212 | Half x length |
---|
2213 | </entry> |
---|
2214 | </row> |
---|
2215 | <row> |
---|
2216 | <entry> |
---|
2217 | <literal>pDy</literal> |
---|
2218 | </entry> |
---|
2219 | <entry> |
---|
2220 | Half y length |
---|
2221 | </entry> |
---|
2222 | </row> |
---|
2223 | <row> |
---|
2224 | <entry> |
---|
2225 | <literal>pDz</literal> |
---|
2226 | </entry> |
---|
2227 | <entry> |
---|
2228 | Half z length |
---|
2229 | </entry> |
---|
2230 | </row> |
---|
2231 | </tbody> |
---|
2232 | </tgroup> |
---|
2233 | </informaltable> |
---|
2234 | </para> |
---|
2235 | |
---|
2236 | |
---|
2237 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
2238 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
2239 | Trapezoid Twisted along One Axis: |
---|
2240 | </bridgehead> |
---|
2241 | |
---|
2242 | <para> |
---|
2243 | <emphasis>trapezoid twisted</emphasis> along one axis can be defined as |
---|
2244 | follows: |
---|
2245 | |
---|
2246 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
2247 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
2248 | <tbody> |
---|
2249 | <row> |
---|
2250 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
2251 | <informalexample> |
---|
2252 | <programlisting> |
---|
2253 | G4TwistedTrap(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2254 | G4double twistedangle, |
---|
2255 | G4double pDxx1, |
---|
2256 | G4double pDxx2, |
---|
2257 | G4double pDy, |
---|
2258 | G4double pDz) |
---|
2259 | |
---|
2260 | G4TwistedTrap(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2261 | G4double twistedangle, |
---|
2262 | G4double pDz, |
---|
2263 | G4double pTheta, |
---|
2264 | G4double pPhi, |
---|
2265 | G4double pDy1, |
---|
2266 | G4double pDx1, |
---|
2267 | G4double pDx2, |
---|
2268 | G4double pDy2, |
---|
2269 | G4double pDx3, |
---|
2270 | G4double pDx4, |
---|
2271 | G4double pAlph) |
---|
2272 | </programlisting> |
---|
2273 | </informalexample> |
---|
2274 | </entry> |
---|
2275 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
2276 | <mediaobject> |
---|
2277 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
2278 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedTrap.jpg" |
---|
2279 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
2280 | </imageobject> |
---|
2281 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
2282 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedTrap.jpg" |
---|
2283 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
2284 | </imageobject> |
---|
2285 | </mediaobject> |
---|
2286 | |
---|
2287 | <?JavaScript pic18.html ?> |
---|
2288 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
2289 | <literal> |
---|
2290 | <para> |
---|
2291 | pDx1 = 30, pDx2 = 40, pDy1 = 40, |
---|
2292 | pDx3 = 10, pDx4 = 14, pDy2 = 16, |
---|
2293 | pDz = 60, |
---|
2294 | pTheta = 20*Degree, pDphi = 5*Degree, |
---|
2295 | pAlph = 10*Degree, twistedangle = 30*Degree |
---|
2296 | </para> |
---|
2297 | </literal> |
---|
2298 | </entry> |
---|
2299 | </row> |
---|
2300 | </tbody> |
---|
2301 | </tgroup> |
---|
2302 | </informaltable> |
---|
2303 | </para> |
---|
2304 | |
---|
2305 | <para> |
---|
2306 | The first constructor of <literal>G4TwistedTrap</literal> produces a |
---|
2307 | regular trapezoid twisted along the <literal>z</literal>-axis, where the caps |
---|
2308 | of the trapezoid are of the same shape and size. |
---|
2309 | </para> |
---|
2310 | |
---|
2311 | <para> |
---|
2312 | The second constructor produces a generic trapezoid with polar, |
---|
2313 | azimuthal and tilt angles. |
---|
2314 | </para> |
---|
2315 | |
---|
2316 | <para> |
---|
2317 | The twist angle cannot be greater than 90 degrees: |
---|
2318 | |
---|
2319 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
2320 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
2321 | <tbody> |
---|
2322 | <row> |
---|
2323 | <entry> |
---|
2324 | <literal>twistedangle</literal> |
---|
2325 | </entry> |
---|
2326 | <entry> |
---|
2327 | Twisted angle |
---|
2328 | </entry> |
---|
2329 | </row> |
---|
2330 | <row> |
---|
2331 | <entry> |
---|
2332 | <literal>pDx1</literal> |
---|
2333 | </entry> |
---|
2334 | <entry> |
---|
2335 | Half x length at y=-pDy |
---|
2336 | </entry> |
---|
2337 | </row> |
---|
2338 | <row> |
---|
2339 | <entry> |
---|
2340 | <literal>pDx2</literal> |
---|
2341 | </entry> |
---|
2342 | <entry> |
---|
2343 | Half x length at y=+pDy |
---|
2344 | </entry> |
---|
2345 | </row> |
---|
2346 | <row> |
---|
2347 | <entry> |
---|
2348 | <literal>pDy</literal> |
---|
2349 | </entry> |
---|
2350 | <entry> |
---|
2351 | Half y length |
---|
2352 | </entry> |
---|
2353 | </row> |
---|
2354 | <row> |
---|
2355 | <entry> |
---|
2356 | <literal>pDz</literal> |
---|
2357 | </entry> |
---|
2358 | <entry> |
---|
2359 | Half z length |
---|
2360 | </entry> |
---|
2361 | </row> |
---|
2362 | <row> |
---|
2363 | <entry> |
---|
2364 | <literal>pTheta</literal> |
---|
2365 | </entry> |
---|
2366 | <entry> |
---|
2367 | Polar angle of the line joining the centres of the faces at -/+pDz |
---|
2368 | </entry> |
---|
2369 | </row> |
---|
2370 | <row> |
---|
2371 | <entry> |
---|
2372 | <literal>pDy1</literal> |
---|
2373 | </entry> |
---|
2374 | <entry> |
---|
2375 | Half y length at -pDz |
---|
2376 | </entry> |
---|
2377 | </row> |
---|
2378 | <row> |
---|
2379 | <entry> |
---|
2380 | <literal>pDx1</literal> |
---|
2381 | </entry> |
---|
2382 | <entry> |
---|
2383 | Half x length at -pDz, y=-pDy1 |
---|
2384 | </entry> |
---|
2385 | </row> |
---|
2386 | <row> |
---|
2387 | <entry> |
---|
2388 | <literal>pDx2</literal> |
---|
2389 | </entry> |
---|
2390 | <entry> |
---|
2391 | Half x length at -pDz, y=+pDy1 |
---|
2392 | </entry> |
---|
2393 | </row> |
---|
2394 | <row> |
---|
2395 | <entry> |
---|
2396 | <literal>pDy2</literal> |
---|
2397 | </entry> |
---|
2398 | <entry> |
---|
2399 | Half y length at +pDz |
---|
2400 | |
---|
2401 | </entry> |
---|
2402 | </row> |
---|
2403 | <row> |
---|
2404 | <entry> |
---|
2405 | <literal>pDx3</literal> |
---|
2406 | </entry> |
---|
2407 | <entry> |
---|
2408 | Half x length at +pDz, y=-pDy2 |
---|
2409 | </entry> |
---|
2410 | </row> |
---|
2411 | <row> |
---|
2412 | <entry> |
---|
2413 | <literal>pDx4</literal> |
---|
2414 | </entry> |
---|
2415 | <entry> |
---|
2416 | Half x length at +pDz, y=+pDy2 |
---|
2417 | </entry> |
---|
2418 | </row> |
---|
2419 | <row> |
---|
2420 | <entry> |
---|
2421 | <literal>pAlph</literal> |
---|
2422 | </entry> |
---|
2423 | <entry> |
---|
2424 | Angle with respect to the y axis from the centre of the side |
---|
2425 | </entry> |
---|
2426 | </row> |
---|
2427 | </tbody> |
---|
2428 | </tgroup> |
---|
2429 | </informaltable> |
---|
2430 | </para> |
---|
2431 | |
---|
2432 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
2433 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
2434 | Twisted Trapezoid with <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> dimensions |
---|
2435 | varying along <literal>z</literal>: |
---|
2436 | </bridgehead> |
---|
2437 | |
---|
2438 | <para> |
---|
2439 | A <emphasis role="bold">twisted trapezoid</emphasis> with the |
---|
2440 | <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> dimensions |
---|
2441 | <emphasis role="bold">varying along <literal>z</literal></emphasis> can be |
---|
2442 | defined as follows: |
---|
2443 | |
---|
2444 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
2445 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
2446 | <tbody> |
---|
2447 | <row> |
---|
2448 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
2449 | <informalexample> |
---|
2450 | <programlisting> |
---|
2451 | G4TwistedTrd(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2452 | G4double pDx1, |
---|
2453 | G4double pDx2, |
---|
2454 | G4double pDy1, |
---|
2455 | G4double pDy2, |
---|
2456 | G4double pDz, |
---|
2457 | G4double twistedangle) |
---|
2458 | </programlisting> |
---|
2459 | </informalexample> |
---|
2460 | </entry> |
---|
2461 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
2462 | <mediaobject> |
---|
2463 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
2464 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedTrd.jpg" |
---|
2465 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
2466 | </imageobject> |
---|
2467 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
2468 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedTrd.jpg" |
---|
2469 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
2470 | </imageobject> |
---|
2471 | </mediaobject> |
---|
2472 | |
---|
2473 | <?JavaScript pic19.html ?> |
---|
2474 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
2475 | <literal> |
---|
2476 | <para> |
---|
2477 | dx1 = 30, dx2 = 10, |
---|
2478 | dy1 = 40, dy2 = 15, |
---|
2479 | dz = 60, twistedangle = 30*Degree |
---|
2480 | </para> |
---|
2481 | </literal> |
---|
2482 | </entry> |
---|
2483 | </row> |
---|
2484 | </tbody> |
---|
2485 | </tgroup> |
---|
2486 | </informaltable> |
---|
2487 | </para> |
---|
2488 | |
---|
2489 | <para> |
---|
2490 | where: |
---|
2491 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
2492 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
2493 | <tbody> |
---|
2494 | <row> |
---|
2495 | <entry> |
---|
2496 | <literal>pDx1</literal> |
---|
2497 | </entry> |
---|
2498 | <entry> |
---|
2499 | Half x length at the surface positioned at -dz |
---|
2500 | </entry> |
---|
2501 | </row> |
---|
2502 | <row> |
---|
2503 | <entry> |
---|
2504 | <literal>pDx2</literal> |
---|
2505 | </entry> |
---|
2506 | <entry> |
---|
2507 | Half x length at the surface positioned at +dz |
---|
2508 | </entry> |
---|
2509 | </row> |
---|
2510 | <row> |
---|
2511 | <entry> |
---|
2512 | <literal>pDy1</literal> |
---|
2513 | </entry> |
---|
2514 | <entry> |
---|
2515 | Half y length at the surface positioned at -dz |
---|
2516 | </entry> |
---|
2517 | </row> |
---|
2518 | <row> |
---|
2519 | <entry> |
---|
2520 | <literal>pDy2</literal> |
---|
2521 | </entry> |
---|
2522 | <entry> |
---|
2523 | Half y length at the surface positioned at +dz |
---|
2524 | </entry> |
---|
2525 | </row> |
---|
2526 | <row> |
---|
2527 | <entry> |
---|
2528 | <literal>pDz</literal> |
---|
2529 | </entry> |
---|
2530 | <entry> |
---|
2531 | Half z length |
---|
2532 | </entry> |
---|
2533 | </row> |
---|
2534 | <row> |
---|
2535 | <entry> |
---|
2536 | <literal>twistedangle</literal> |
---|
2537 | </entry> |
---|
2538 | <entry> |
---|
2539 | Twisted angle |
---|
2540 | </entry> |
---|
2541 | </row> |
---|
2542 | </tbody> |
---|
2543 | </tgroup> |
---|
2544 | </informaltable> |
---|
2545 | </para> |
---|
2546 | |
---|
2547 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
2548 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
2549 | Tube Section Twisted along Its Axis: |
---|
2550 | </bridgehead> |
---|
2551 | |
---|
2552 | <para> |
---|
2553 | A <emphasis role="bold">tube section twisted</emphasis> along |
---|
2554 | its axis can be defined as follows: |
---|
2555 | |
---|
2556 | <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> |
---|
2557 | <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0"> |
---|
2558 | <tbody> |
---|
2559 | <row> |
---|
2560 | <entry valign="top" align="left"> |
---|
2561 | <informalexample> |
---|
2562 | <programlisting> |
---|
2563 | G4TwistedTubs(const G4String& pName, |
---|
2564 | G4double twistedangle, |
---|
2565 | G4double endinnerrad, |
---|
2566 | G4double endouterrad, |
---|
2567 | G4double halfzlen, |
---|
2568 | G4double dphi) |
---|
2569 | </programlisting> |
---|
2570 | </informalexample> |
---|
2571 | </entry> |
---|
2572 | <entry valign="top" align="center"> |
---|
2573 | <mediaobject> |
---|
2574 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
2575 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedTubs.jpg" |
---|
2576 | format="JPG" contentwidth="3.5cm" /> |
---|
2577 | </imageobject> |
---|
2578 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
2579 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/aTwistedTubs.jpg" |
---|
2580 | format="JPG" /> |
---|
2581 | </imageobject> |
---|
2582 | </mediaobject> |
---|
2583 | |
---|
2584 | <?JavaScript pic20.html ?> |
---|
2585 | <emphasis role="underline">In the picture</emphasis>: |
---|
2586 | <literal> |
---|
2587 | <para> |
---|
2588 | endinnerrad = 10, endouterrad = 15, |
---|
2589 | halfzlen = 20, dphi = 90*Degree, |
---|
2590 | twistedangle = 60*Degree |
---|
2591 | </para> |
---|
2592 | </literal> |
---|
2593 | </entry> |
---|
2594 | </row> |
---|
2595 | </tbody> |
---|
2596 | </tgroup> |
---|
2597 | </informaltable> |
---|
2598 | </para> |
---|
2599 | |
---|
2600 | <para> |
---|
2601 | <literal>G4TwistedTubs</literal> is a sort of twisted cylinder which, |
---|
2602 | placed along the <literal>z</literal>-axis and divided into |
---|
2603 | <literal>phi</literal>-segments is shaped like an hyperboloid, where each of |
---|
2604 | its segmented pieces can be tilted with a stereo angle. |
---|
2605 | </para> |
---|
2606 | |
---|
2607 | <para> |
---|
2608 | It can have inner and outer surfaces with the same stereo angle: |
---|
2609 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
2610 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
2611 | <tbody> |
---|
2612 | <row> |
---|
2613 | <entry> |
---|
2614 | <literal>twistedangle</literal> |
---|
2615 | </entry> |
---|
2616 | <entry> |
---|
2617 | Twisted angle |
---|
2618 | </entry> |
---|
2619 | </row> |
---|
2620 | <row> |
---|
2621 | <entry> |
---|
2622 | <literal>endinnerrad</literal> |
---|
2623 | </entry> |
---|
2624 | <entry> |
---|
2625 | Inner radius at endcap |
---|
2626 | </entry> |
---|
2627 | </row> |
---|
2628 | <row> |
---|
2629 | <entry> |
---|
2630 | <literal>endouterrad</literal> |
---|
2631 | </entry> |
---|
2632 | <entry> |
---|
2633 | Outer radius at endcap |
---|
2634 | </entry> |
---|
2635 | </row> |
---|
2636 | <row> |
---|
2637 | <entry> |
---|
2638 | <literal>halfzlen</literal> |
---|
2639 | </entry> |
---|
2640 | <entry> |
---|
2641 | Half z length |
---|
2642 | </entry> |
---|
2643 | </row> |
---|
2644 | <row> |
---|
2645 | <entry> |
---|
2646 | <literal>dphi</literal> |
---|
2647 | </entry> |
---|
2648 | <entry> |
---|
2649 | Phi angle of a segment |
---|
2650 | </entry> |
---|
2651 | </row> |
---|
2652 | </tbody> |
---|
2653 | </tgroup> |
---|
2654 | </informaltable> |
---|
2655 | </para> |
---|
2656 | |
---|
2657 | <para> |
---|
2658 | Additional constructors are provided, allowing the shape to be |
---|
2659 | specified either as: |
---|
2660 | |
---|
2661 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
---|
2662 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2663 | the number of segments in <literal>phi</literal> and the total angle for |
---|
2664 | all segments, or |
---|
2665 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2666 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2667 | a combination of the above constructors providing instead the |
---|
2668 | inner and outer radii at <literal>z=0</literal> with different |
---|
2669 | <literal>z</literal>-lengths along negative and positive |
---|
2670 | <literal>z</literal>-axis. |
---|
2671 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2672 | </itemizedlist> |
---|
2673 | </para> |
---|
2674 | |
---|
2675 | </sect3> |
---|
2676 | |
---|
2677 | |
---|
2678 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#3) ****************** --> |
---|
2679 | <sect3 id="sect.Geom.Solids.BoolOp"> |
---|
2680 | <title> |
---|
2681 | Solids made by Boolean operations |
---|
2682 | </title> |
---|
2683 | |
---|
2684 | <para> |
---|
2685 | Simple solids can be combined using Boolean operations. For |
---|
2686 | example, a cylinder and a half-sphere can be combined with the |
---|
2687 | union Boolean operation. |
---|
2688 | </para> |
---|
2689 | |
---|
2690 | <para> |
---|
2691 | Creating such a new <emphasis>Boolean</emphasis> solid, requires: |
---|
2692 | |
---|
2693 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
---|
2694 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2695 | Two solids |
---|
2696 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2697 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2698 | A Boolean operation: union, intersection or subtraction. |
---|
2699 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2700 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2701 | Optionally a transformation for the second solid. |
---|
2702 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2703 | </itemizedlist> |
---|
2704 | </para> |
---|
2705 | |
---|
2706 | <para> |
---|
2707 | The solids used should be either CSG solids (for examples a box, |
---|
2708 | a spherical shell, or a tube) or another Boolean solid: the product |
---|
2709 | of a previous Boolean operation. An important purpose of Boolean |
---|
2710 | solids is to allow the description of solids with peculiar shapes |
---|
2711 | in a simple and intuitive way, still allowing an efficient |
---|
2712 | geometrical navigation inside them. |
---|
2713 | </para> |
---|
2714 | |
---|
2715 | <note><title></title> |
---|
2716 | <para> |
---|
2717 | The solids used can actually be of any type. However, in |
---|
2718 | order to fully support the export of a Geant4 solid model via STEP |
---|
2719 | to CAD systems, we restrict the use of Boolean operations to this |
---|
2720 | subset of solids. But this subset contains all the most interesting |
---|
2721 | use cases. |
---|
2722 | </para> |
---|
2723 | </note> |
---|
2724 | |
---|
2725 | <note><title></title> |
---|
2726 | <para> |
---|
2727 | The constituent solids of a Boolean operation should possibly |
---|
2728 | <emphasis>avoid</emphasis> be composed by sharing all or part of |
---|
2729 | their surfaces. This precaution is necessary in order to avoid the |
---|
2730 | generation of 'fake' surfaces due to precision loss, or errors in |
---|
2731 | the final visualization of the Boolean shape. Moreover, the final |
---|
2732 | Boolean solid should represent a single 'closed' solid, i.e. a Boolean |
---|
2733 | operation between two solids which are disjoint or far apart each |
---|
2734 | other, is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a valid Boolean composition. |
---|
2735 | </para> |
---|
2736 | </note> |
---|
2737 | |
---|
2738 | <note><title></title> |
---|
2739 | <para> |
---|
2740 | The tracking cost for navigating in a Boolean solid in the |
---|
2741 | current implementation, is proportional to the number of |
---|
2742 | constituent solids. So care must be taken to avoid extensive, |
---|
2743 | unecessary use of Boolean solids in performance-critical areas of a |
---|
2744 | geometry description, where each solid is created from Boolean |
---|
2745 | combinations of many other solids. |
---|
2746 | </para> |
---|
2747 | </note> |
---|
2748 | |
---|
2749 | <para> |
---|
2750 | Examples of the creation of the simplest Boolean solids are |
---|
2751 | given below: |
---|
2752 | |
---|
2753 | <informalexample> |
---|
2754 | <programlisting> |
---|
2755 | G4Box* box = |
---|
2756 | new G4Box("Box",20*mm,30*mm,40*mm); |
---|
2757 | G4Tubs* cyl = |
---|
2758 | new G4Tubs("Cylinder",0,50*mm,50*mm,0,twopi); // r: 0 mm -> 50 mm |
---|
2759 | // z: -50 mm -> 50 mm |
---|
2760 | // phi: 0 -> 2 pi |
---|
2761 | G4UnionSolid* union = |
---|
2762 | new G4UnionSolid("Box+Cylinder", box, cyl); |
---|
2763 | G4IntersectionSolid* intersection = |
---|
2764 | new G4IntersectionSolid("Box*Cylinder", box, cyl); |
---|
2765 | G4SubtractionSolid* subtraction = |
---|
2766 | new G4SubtractionSolid("Box-Cylinder", box, cyl); |
---|
2767 | </programlisting> |
---|
2768 | </informalexample> |
---|
2769 | |
---|
2770 | where the union, intersection and subtraction of a box and cylinder |
---|
2771 | are constructed. |
---|
2772 | </para> |
---|
2773 | |
---|
2774 | <para> |
---|
2775 | The more useful case where one of the solids is displaced from |
---|
2776 | the origin of coordinates also exists. In this case the second |
---|
2777 | solid is positioned relative to the coordinate system (and thus |
---|
2778 | relative to the first). This can be done in two ways: |
---|
2779 | |
---|
2780 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
---|
2781 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2782 | Either by giving a rotation matrix and translation vector that |
---|
2783 | are used to transform the coordinate system of the second solid to |
---|
2784 | the coordinate system of the first solid. This is called the |
---|
2785 | <emphasis>passive</emphasis> method. |
---|
2786 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2787 | <listitem><para> |
---|
2788 | Or by creating a transformation that moves the second solid |
---|
2789 | from its desired position to its standard position, e.g., a box's |
---|
2790 | standard position is with its centre at the origin and sides |
---|
2791 | parallel to the three axes. This is called the |
---|
2792 | <emphasis>active</emphasis> method. |
---|
2793 | </para></listitem> |
---|
2794 | </itemizedlist> |
---|
2795 | </para> |
---|
2796 | |
---|
2797 | <para> |
---|
2798 | In the first case, the translation is applied first to move the |
---|
2799 | origin of coordinates. Then the rotation is used to rotate the |
---|
2800 | coordinate system of the second solid to the coordinate system of |
---|
2801 | the first. |
---|
2802 | |
---|
2803 | <informalexample> |
---|
2804 | <programlisting> |
---|
2805 | G4RotationMatrix* yRot = new G4RotationMatrix; // Rotates X and Z axes only |
---|
2806 | yRot->rotateY(M_PI/4.*rad); // Rotates 45 degrees |
---|
2807 | G4ThreeVector zTrans(0, 0, 50); |
---|
2808 | |
---|
2809 | G4UnionSolid* unionMoved = |
---|
2810 | new G4UnionSolid("Box+CylinderMoved", box, cyl, yRot, zTrans); |
---|
2811 | // |
---|
2812 | // The new coordinate system of the cylinder is translated so that |
---|
2813 | // its centre is at +50 on the original Z axis, and it is rotated |
---|
2814 | // with its X axis halfway between the original X and Z axes. |
---|
2815 | |
---|
2816 | // Now we build the same solid using the alternative method |
---|
2817 | // |
---|
2818 | G4RotationMatrix invRot = *(yRot->invert()); |
---|
2819 | G4Transform3D transform(invRot, zTrans); |
---|
2820 | G4UnionSolid* unionMoved = |
---|
2821 | new G4UnionSolid("Box+CylinderMoved", box, cyl, transform); |
---|
2822 | </programlisting> |
---|
2823 | </informalexample> |
---|
2824 | </para> |
---|
2825 | |
---|
2826 | <para> |
---|
2827 | Note that the first constructor that takes a pointer to the |
---|
2828 | rotation-matrix (<literal>G4RotationMatrix*</literal>), does NOT copy it. |
---|
2829 | Therefore once used a rotation-matrix to construct a Boolean solid, |
---|
2830 | it must NOT be modified. |
---|
2831 | </para> |
---|
2832 | |
---|
2833 | <para> |
---|
2834 | In contrast, with the alternative method shown, a |
---|
2835 | <literal>G4Transform3D</literal> is provided to the constructor by value, and |
---|
2836 | its transformation is stored by the Boolean solid. The user may |
---|
2837 | modify the <literal>G4Transform3D</literal> and eventually use it again. |
---|
2838 | </para> |
---|
2839 | |
---|
2840 | <para> |
---|
2841 | When positioning a volume associated to a Boolean solid, the |
---|
2842 | relative center of coordinates considered for the positioning is |
---|
2843 | the one related to the <emphasis>first</emphasis> of the two constituent |
---|
2844 | solids. |
---|
2845 | </para> |
---|
2846 | |
---|
2847 | </sect3> |
---|
2848 | |
---|
2849 | |
---|
2850 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#3) ****************** --> |
---|
2851 | <sect3 id="sect.Geom.Solids.BREPS"> |
---|
2852 | <title> |
---|
2853 | Boundary Represented (BREPS) Solids |
---|
2854 | </title> |
---|
2855 | |
---|
2856 | <para> |
---|
2857 | BREP solids are defined via the description of their boundaries. |
---|
2858 | The boundaries can be made of planar and second order surfaces. |
---|
2859 | Eventually these can be trimmed and have holes. The resulting |
---|
2860 | solids, such as polygonal, polyconical solids are known as |
---|
2861 | Elementary BREPS. |
---|
2862 | </para> |
---|
2863 | |
---|
2864 | <para> |
---|
2865 | In addition, the boundary surfaces can be made of Bezier |
---|
2866 | surfaces and B-Splines, or of NURBS |
---|
2867 | (Non-Uniform-Rational-B-Splines) surfaces. The resulting solids are |
---|
2868 | Advanced BREPS. |
---|
2869 | </para> |
---|
2870 | |
---|
2871 | <para> |
---|
2872 | |
---|
2873 | <note><title></title> |
---|
2874 | <para> |
---|
2875 | Currently, the implementation for surfaces |
---|
2876 | generated by Beziers, B-Splines or NURBS is only at the level of |
---|
2877 | prototype and not fully functional. |
---|
2878 | </para> |
---|
2879 | |
---|
2880 | <para> |
---|
2881 | Extensions in this area are foreseen in future. |
---|
2882 | </para> |
---|
2883 | </note> |
---|
2884 | |
---|
2885 | <para> |
---|
2886 | A few elementary BREPS are provided in the BREPS module as |
---|
2887 | examples on how to assemble a BREP shap; these can be |
---|
2888 | instantiated in the same manner as for the Constructed |
---|
2889 | Solids (CSGs). |
---|
2890 | We summarize their capabilities in the following section. |
---|
2891 | </para> |
---|
2892 | |
---|
2893 | <para> |
---|
2894 | Most BREPS Solids are however defined by creating each surface |
---|
2895 | separately and tying them together. |
---|
2896 | </para> |
---|
2897 | |
---|
2898 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
2899 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
2900 | Specific BREP Solids: |
---|
2901 | </bridgehead> |
---|
2902 | |
---|
2903 | <para> |
---|
2904 | We have defined one polygonal and one polyconical shape using |
---|
2905 | BREPS. The polycone provides a shape defined by a series of conical |
---|
2906 | sections with the same axis, contiguous along it. |
---|
2907 | </para> |
---|
2908 | |
---|
2909 | <para> |
---|
2910 | The polyconical solid <literal>G4BREPSolidPCone</literal> is a shape |
---|
2911 | defined by a set of inner and outer conical or cylindrical surface |
---|
2912 | sections and two planes perpendicular to the Z axis. Each conical |
---|
2913 | surface is defined by its radius at two different planes |
---|
2914 | perpendicular to the Z-axis. Inner and outer conical surfaces are |
---|
2915 | defined using common Z planes. |
---|
2916 | </para> |
---|
2917 | |
---|
2918 | <informalexample> |
---|
2919 | <programlisting> |
---|
2920 | G4BREPSolidPCone( const G4String& pName, |
---|
2921 | G4double start_angle, |
---|
2922 | G4double opening_angle, |
---|
2923 | G4int num_z_planes, // sections, |
---|
2924 | G4double z_start, |
---|
2925 | const G4double z_values[], |
---|
2926 | const G4double RMIN[], |
---|
2927 | const G4double RMAX[] ) |
---|
2928 | </programlisting> |
---|
2929 | </informalexample> |
---|
2930 | |
---|
2931 | <para> |
---|
2932 | The conical sections do not need to fill 360 degrees, but can have |
---|
2933 | a common start and opening angle. |
---|
2934 | </para> |
---|
2935 | |
---|
2936 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
2937 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
2938 | <tbody> |
---|
2939 | <row> |
---|
2940 | <entry> |
---|
2941 | <literal>start_angle</literal> |
---|
2942 | </entry> |
---|
2943 | <entry> |
---|
2944 | starting angle |
---|
2945 | </entry> |
---|
2946 | </row> |
---|
2947 | <row> |
---|
2948 | <entry> |
---|
2949 | <literal>opening_angle</literal> |
---|
2950 | </entry> |
---|
2951 | <entry> |
---|
2952 | opening angle |
---|
2953 | </entry> |
---|
2954 | </row> |
---|
2955 | <row> |
---|
2956 | <entry> |
---|
2957 | <literal>num_z_planes</literal> |
---|
2958 | </entry> |
---|
2959 | <entry> |
---|
2960 | number of planes perpendicular to the z-axis used. |
---|
2961 | </entry> |
---|
2962 | </row> |
---|
2963 | <row> |
---|
2964 | <entry> |
---|
2965 | <literal>z_start</literal> |
---|
2966 | </entry> |
---|
2967 | <entry> |
---|
2968 | starting value of z |
---|
2969 | </entry> |
---|
2970 | </row> |
---|
2971 | <row> |
---|
2972 | <entry> |
---|
2973 | <literal>z_values</literal> |
---|
2974 | </entry> |
---|
2975 | <entry> |
---|
2976 | z coordinates of each plane |
---|
2977 | </entry> |
---|
2978 | </row> |
---|
2979 | <row> |
---|
2980 | <entry> |
---|
2981 | <literal>RMIN</literal> |
---|
2982 | </entry> |
---|
2983 | <entry> |
---|
2984 | radius of inner cone at each plane |
---|
2985 | </entry> |
---|
2986 | </row> |
---|
2987 | <row> |
---|
2988 | <entry> |
---|
2989 | <literal>RMAX</literal> |
---|
2990 | </entry> |
---|
2991 | <entry> |
---|
2992 | radius of outer cone at each plane |
---|
2993 | </entry> |
---|
2994 | </row> |
---|
2995 | </tbody> |
---|
2996 | </tgroup> |
---|
2997 | </informaltable> |
---|
2998 | </para> |
---|
2999 | |
---|
3000 | <para> |
---|
3001 | The polygonal solid <literal>G4BREPSolidPolyhedra</literal> is a shape |
---|
3002 | defined by an inner and outer polygonal surface and two planes |
---|
3003 | perpendicular to the Z axis. Each polygonal surface is created by |
---|
3004 | linking a series of polygons created at different planes |
---|
3005 | perpendicular to the Z-axis. All these polygons all have the same |
---|
3006 | number of sides (<literal>sides</literal>) and are defined at the same Z |
---|
3007 | planes for both inner and outer polygonal surfaces. |
---|
3008 | </para> |
---|
3009 | |
---|
3010 | <para> |
---|
3011 | The polygons do not need to fill 360 degrees, but have a start |
---|
3012 | and opening angle. |
---|
3013 | </para> |
---|
3014 | |
---|
3015 | <para> |
---|
3016 | The constructor takes the following parameters: |
---|
3017 | |
---|
3018 | <informalexample> |
---|
3019 | <programlisting> |
---|
3020 | G4BREPSolidPolyhedra( const G4String& pName, |
---|
3021 | G4double start_angle, |
---|
3022 | G4double opening_angle, |
---|
3023 | G4int sides, |
---|
3024 | G4int num_z_planes, |
---|
3025 | G4double z_start, |
---|
3026 | const G4double z_values[], |
---|
3027 | const G4double RMIN[], |
---|
3028 | const G4double RMAX[] ) |
---|
3029 | </programlisting> |
---|
3030 | </informalexample> |
---|
3031 | |
---|
3032 | which in addition to its name have the following meaning: |
---|
3033 | |
---|
3034 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
3035 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
3036 | <tbody> |
---|
3037 | <row> |
---|
3038 | <entry> |
---|
3039 | <literal>start_angle</literal> |
---|
3040 | </entry> |
---|
3041 | <entry> |
---|
3042 | starting angle |
---|
3043 | </entry> |
---|
3044 | </row> |
---|
3045 | <row> |
---|
3046 | <entry> |
---|
3047 | <literal>opening_angle</literal> |
---|
3048 | </entry> |
---|
3049 | <entry> |
---|
3050 | opening angle |
---|
3051 | </entry> |
---|
3052 | </row> |
---|
3053 | <row> |
---|
3054 | <entry> |
---|
3055 | <literal>sides</literal> |
---|
3056 | </entry> |
---|
3057 | <entry> |
---|
3058 | number of sides of each polygon in the x-y plane |
---|
3059 | </entry> |
---|
3060 | </row> |
---|
3061 | <row> |
---|
3062 | <entry> |
---|
3063 | <literal>num_z_planes</literal> |
---|
3064 | </entry> |
---|
3065 | <entry> |
---|
3066 | number of planes perpendicular to the z-axis used. |
---|
3067 | </entry> |
---|
3068 | </row> |
---|
3069 | <row> |
---|
3070 | <entry> |
---|
3071 | <literal>z_start</literal> |
---|
3072 | </entry> |
---|
3073 | <entry> |
---|
3074 | starting value of z |
---|
3075 | </entry> |
---|
3076 | </row> |
---|
3077 | <row> |
---|
3078 | <entry> |
---|
3079 | <literal>z_values</literal> |
---|
3080 | </entry> |
---|
3081 | <entry> |
---|
3082 | z coordinates of each plane |
---|
3083 | </entry> |
---|
3084 | </row> |
---|
3085 | <row> |
---|
3086 | <entry> |
---|
3087 | <literal>RMIN</literal> |
---|
3088 | </entry> |
---|
3089 | <entry> |
---|
3090 | radius of inner polygon at each corner |
---|
3091 | </entry> |
---|
3092 | </row> |
---|
3093 | <row> |
---|
3094 | <entry> |
---|
3095 | <literal>RMAX</literal> |
---|
3096 | </entry> |
---|
3097 | <entry> |
---|
3098 | radius of outer polygon at each corner |
---|
3099 | </entry> |
---|
3100 | </row> |
---|
3101 | </tbody> |
---|
3102 | </tgroup> |
---|
3103 | </informaltable> |
---|
3104 | |
---|
3105 | the shape is defined by the number of sides <literal>sides</literal> of |
---|
3106 | the polygon in the plane perpendicular to the z-axis. |
---|
3107 | </para> |
---|
3108 | |
---|
3109 | </sect3> |
---|
3110 | |
---|
3111 | |
---|
3112 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#3) ****************** --> |
---|
3113 | <sect3 id="sect.Geom.Solids.Tessel"> |
---|
3114 | <title> |
---|
3115 | Tessellated Solids |
---|
3116 | </title> |
---|
3117 | |
---|
3118 | <para> |
---|
3119 | In Geant4 it is also implemented a class |
---|
3120 | <literal>G4TessellatedSolid</literal> which can be used to generate a generic |
---|
3121 | solid defined by a number of facets (<literal>G4VFacet</literal>). Such |
---|
3122 | constructs are especially important for conversion of complex |
---|
3123 | geometrical shapes imported from CAD systems bounded with generic |
---|
3124 | surfaces into an approximate description with facets of defined |
---|
3125 | dimension (see <xref linkend="fig.Geom.Solid_1" />). |
---|
3126 | |
---|
3127 | <figure id="fig.Geom.Solid_1"> |
---|
3128 | <title> |
---|
3129 | Example of geometries imported from CAD system and converted to |
---|
3130 | tessellated solids. |
---|
3131 | </title> |
---|
3132 | |
---|
3133 | <mediaobject> |
---|
3134 | <imageobject role="fo"> |
---|
3135 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/cad-tess-combined.jpg" |
---|
3136 | format="JPG" width="12.0cm" align="center" /> |
---|
3137 | </imageobject> |
---|
3138 | <imageobject role="html"> |
---|
3139 | <imagedata fileref="./AllResources/Detector/geometry.src/cad-tess-combined.jpg" |
---|
3140 | format="JPG" align="center" /> |
---|
3141 | </imageobject> |
---|
3142 | </mediaobject> |
---|
3143 | </figure> |
---|
3144 | </para> |
---|
3145 | |
---|
3146 | <para> |
---|
3147 | They can also be used to generate a solid bounded with a generic |
---|
3148 | surface made of planar facets. It is important that the supplied |
---|
3149 | facets shall form a fully enclose space to represent the solid. |
---|
3150 | </para> |
---|
3151 | |
---|
3152 | <para> |
---|
3153 | Two types of facet can be used for the construction of a |
---|
3154 | <literal>G4TessellatedSolid</literal>: a triangular facet |
---|
3155 | (<literal>G4TriangularFacet</literal>) and a quadrangular facet |
---|
3156 | (<literal>G4QuadrangularFacet</literal>). |
---|
3157 | </para> |
---|
3158 | |
---|
3159 | <para> |
---|
3160 | An example on how to generate a simple tessellated shape is |
---|
3161 | given below. |
---|
3162 | |
---|
3163 | <example id="programlist_Geom_1"> |
---|
3164 | <title> |
---|
3165 | An example of a simple tessellated solid with |
---|
3166 | <literal>G4TessellatedSolid</literal>. |
---|
3167 | </title> |
---|
3168 | |
---|
3169 | <programlisting> |
---|
3170 | // First declare a tessellated solid |
---|
3171 | // |
---|
3172 | G4TessellatedSolid solidTarget = new G4TessellatedSolid("Solid_name"); |
---|
3173 | |
---|
3174 | // Define the facets which form the solid |
---|
3175 | // |
---|
3176 | G4double targetSize = 10*cm ; |
---|
3177 | G4TriangularFacet *facet1 = new |
---|
3178 | G4TriangularFacet (G4ThreeVector(-targetSize,-targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3179 | G4ThreeVector(+targetSize,-targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3180 | G4ThreeVector( 0.0, 0.0,+targetSize), |
---|
3181 | ABSOLUTE); |
---|
3182 | G4TriangularFacet *facet2 = new |
---|
3183 | G4TriangularFacet (G4ThreeVector(+targetSize,-targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3184 | G4ThreeVector(+targetSize,+targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3185 | G4ThreeVector( 0.0, 0.0,+targetSize), |
---|
3186 | ABSOLUTE); |
---|
3187 | G4TriangularFacet *facet3 = new |
---|
3188 | G4TriangularFacet (G4ThreeVector(+targetSize,+targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3189 | G4ThreeVector(-targetSize,+targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3190 | G4ThreeVector( 0.0, 0.0,+targetSize), |
---|
3191 | ABSOLUTE); |
---|
3192 | G4TriangularFacet *facet4 = new |
---|
3193 | G4TriangularFacet (G4ThreeVector(-targetSize,+targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3194 | G4ThreeVector(-targetSize,-targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3195 | G4ThreeVector( 0.0, 0.0,+targetSize), |
---|
3196 | ABSOLUTE); |
---|
3197 | G4QuadrangularFacet *facet5 = new |
---|
3198 | G4QuadrangularFacet (G4ThreeVector(-targetSize,-targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3199 | G4ThreeVector(-targetSize,+targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3200 | G4ThreeVector(+targetSize,+targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3201 | G4ThreeVector(+targetSize,-targetSize, 0.0), |
---|
3202 | ABSOLUTE); |
---|
3203 | |
---|
3204 | // Now add the facets to the solid |
---|
3205 | // |
---|
3206 | solidTarget->AddFacet((G4VFacet*) facet1); |
---|
3207 | solidTarget->AddFacet((G4VFacet*) facet2); |
---|
3208 | solidTarget->AddFacet((G4VFacet*) facet3); |
---|
3209 | solidTarget->AddFacet((G4VFacet*) facet4); |
---|
3210 | solidTarget->AddFacet((G4VFacet*) facet5); |
---|
3211 | |
---|
3212 | Finally declare the solid is complete |
---|
3213 | // |
---|
3214 | solidTarget->SetSolidClosed(true); |
---|
3215 | </programlisting> |
---|
3216 | </example> |
---|
3217 | </para> |
---|
3218 | |
---|
3219 | <para> |
---|
3220 | The <literal>G4TriangularFacet</literal> class is used for the contruction |
---|
3221 | of <literal>G4TessellatedSolid</literal>. It is defined by three vertices, |
---|
3222 | which shall be supplied in <emphasis>anti-clockwise order</emphasis> looking from |
---|
3223 | the outside of the solid where it belongs. Its constructor looks |
---|
3224 | like: |
---|
3225 | |
---|
3226 | <informalexample> |
---|
3227 | <programlisting> |
---|
3228 | G4TriangularFacet ( const G4ThreeVector Pt0, |
---|
3229 | const G4ThreeVector vt1, |
---|
3230 | const G4ThreeVector vt2, |
---|
3231 | G4FacetVertexType fType ) |
---|
3232 | </programlisting> |
---|
3233 | </informalexample> |
---|
3234 | |
---|
3235 | i.e., it takes 4 parameters to define the three vertices: |
---|
3236 | |
---|
3237 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
3238 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
3239 | <tbody> |
---|
3240 | <row> |
---|
3241 | <entry> |
---|
3242 | <literal>G4FacetVertexType</literal> |
---|
3243 | </entry> |
---|
3244 | <entry> |
---|
3245 | <literal>ABSOLUTE</literal> in which case <literal>Pt0</literal>, |
---|
3246 | <literal>vt1</literal> and <literal>vt2</literal> |
---|
3247 | are the three vertices in anti-clockwise order looking from the outside. |
---|
3248 | </entry> |
---|
3249 | </row> |
---|
3250 | <row> |
---|
3251 | <entry> |
---|
3252 | <literal>G4FacetVertexType</literal> |
---|
3253 | </entry> |
---|
3254 | <entry> |
---|
3255 | <literal>RELATIVE</literal> in which case the first vertex is |
---|
3256 | <literal>Pt0</literal>, the second vertex is <literal>Pt0+vt1</literal> and |
---|
3257 | the third vertex is <literal>Pt0+vt2</literal>, all in anti-clockwise order |
---|
3258 | when looking from the outside. |
---|
3259 | </entry> |
---|
3260 | </row> |
---|
3261 | </tbody> |
---|
3262 | </tgroup> |
---|
3263 | </informaltable> |
---|
3264 | </para> |
---|
3265 | |
---|
3266 | <para> |
---|
3267 | The <literal>G4QuadrangularFacet</literal> class can be used for the |
---|
3268 | contruction of <literal>G4TessellatedSolid</literal> as well. It is defined |
---|
3269 | by four vertices, which shall be in the same plane and be supplied |
---|
3270 | in <emphasis>anti-clockwise order</emphasis> looking from the outside of the |
---|
3271 | solid where it belongs. Its constructor looks like: |
---|
3272 | |
---|
3273 | <informalexample> |
---|
3274 | <programlisting> |
---|
3275 | G4QuadrangularFacet ( const G4ThreeVector Pt0, |
---|
3276 | const G4ThreeVector vt1, |
---|
3277 | const G4ThreeVector vt2, |
---|
3278 | const G4ThreeVector vt3, |
---|
3279 | G4FacetVertexType fType ) |
---|
3280 | </programlisting> |
---|
3281 | </informalexample> |
---|
3282 | |
---|
3283 | i.e., it takes 5 parameters to define the four vertices: |
---|
3284 | |
---|
3285 | <informaltable pgwide="0"> |
---|
3286 | <tgroup cols="2"> |
---|
3287 | <tbody> |
---|
3288 | <row> |
---|
3289 | <entry> |
---|
3290 | <literal>G4FacetVertexType</literal> |
---|
3291 | </entry> |
---|
3292 | <entry> |
---|
3293 | <literal>ABSOLUTE</literal> in which case <literal>Pt0</literal>, |
---|
3294 | <literal>vt1</literal>, <literal>vt2</literal> and <literal>vt3</literal> |
---|
3295 | are the four vertices required in anti-clockwise order when looking |
---|
3296 | from the outside. |
---|
3297 | </entry> |
---|
3298 | </row> |
---|
3299 | <row> |
---|
3300 | <entry> |
---|
3301 | <literal>G4FacetVertexType</literal> |
---|
3302 | </entry> |
---|
3303 | <entry> |
---|
3304 | <literal>RELATIVE</literal> in which case the first vertex is |
---|
3305 | <literal>Pt0</literal>, the second vertex is <literal>Pt0+vt</literal>, |
---|
3306 | the third vertex is <literal>Pt0+vt2</literal> and the fourth vertex is |
---|
3307 | <literal>Pt0+vt3</literal>, in anti-clockwise order when looking from the |
---|
3308 | outside. |
---|
3309 | </entry> |
---|
3310 | </row> |
---|
3311 | </tbody> |
---|
3312 | </tgroup> |
---|
3313 | </informaltable> |
---|
3314 | </para> |
---|
3315 | |
---|
3316 | <!-- ******* Bridgehead ******* --> |
---|
3317 | <bridgehead renderas='sect4'> |
---|
3318 | Importing CAD models as tessellated shapes |
---|
3319 | </bridgehead> |
---|
3320 | |
---|
3321 | <para> |
---|
3322 | Tessellated solids can also be used to import geometrical models from CAD |
---|
3323 | systems (see <xref linkend="fig.Geom.Solid_1" />). In order to do this, it |
---|
3324 | is required to convert first the CAD shapes into tessellated surfaces. A |
---|
3325 | way to do this is to save the shapes in the geometrical model as STEP files |
---|
3326 | and convert them to tessellated (faceted surfaces) solids, using a tool which |
---|
3327 | allows such conversion. At the time of writing, at least two tools are |
---|
3328 | available for such purpose: |
---|
3329 | <ulink url="http://www.steptools.com/products/stviewer/">STViewer</ulink> |
---|
3330 | (part of the STEP-Tools development suite) or |
---|
3331 | <ulink url="http://www.trad.fr/en/">FASTRAD</ulink>. |
---|
3332 | This strategy allows to import any shape with some degree of approximation; |
---|
3333 | the converted CAD models can then be imported through |
---|
3334 | <ulink url="http://cern.ch/gdml/">GDML (Geometry Description |
---|
3335 | Markup Language)</ulink> into Geant4 and be represented as |
---|
3336 | <literal>G4TessellatedSolid</literal> shapes. |
---|
3337 | </para> |
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3338 | |
---|
3339 | </sect3> |
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3340 | </sect2> |
---|