[904] | 1 | <!-- ******************************************************** --> |
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| 2 | <!-- --> |
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| 3 | <!-- [History] --> |
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[921] | 4 | <!-- Update HepRApp reference: Joseph Perl, Dec-2008 --> |
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[904] | 5 | <!-- Converted to DocBook: Katsuya Amako, Aug-2006 --> |
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| 6 | <!-- Changed by: Katsuya Amako, 30-Nov-1998 --> |
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| 7 | <!-- Changed by: Satoshi Tanaka, 1-Jun-2000 --> |
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| 8 | <!-- Changed by: Dennis Wright, 29-Nov-2001 --> |
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| 9 | <!-- Proof read by: Joe Chuma, 15-Jun-1999 --> |
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| 10 | <!-- --> |
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| 11 | <!-- ******************************************************** --> |
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| 12 | |
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| 13 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#1) ****************** --> |
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| 14 | <sect1 id="sect.HowToVis"> |
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| 15 | <title> |
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| 16 | How to Visualize the Detector and Events |
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| 17 | </title> |
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| 18 | |
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| 19 | |
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| 20 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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| 21 | <sect2 id="sect.HowToVis.Intro"> |
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| 22 | <title> |
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| 23 | Introduction |
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| 24 | </title> |
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| 25 | |
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| 26 | <para> |
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| 27 | This section briefly explains how to perform Geant4 Visualization. |
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| 28 | The description here is based on the sample program |
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| 29 | <literal>examples/novice/N03</literal>. More details are given in |
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| 30 | <xref linkend="chap.Visualization" /> "Visualization". |
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| 31 | Example macro files can be found in |
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| 32 | <literal>examples/novice/N03/visTutor/exN03VisX.mac</literal>. |
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| 33 | </para> |
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| 34 | |
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| 35 | </sect2> |
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| 36 | |
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| 37 | |
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| 38 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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| 39 | <sect2 id="sect.HowToVis.VisDrivers"> |
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| 40 | <title> |
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| 41 | Visualization Drivers |
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| 42 | </title> |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | <para> |
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| 45 | The Geant4 visualization system was developed in response to a |
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| 46 | diverse set of requirements: |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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| 49 | <listitem><para> |
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| 50 | Quick response to study geometries, trajectories and hits |
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| 51 | </para></listitem> |
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| 52 | <listitem><para> |
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| 53 | High-quality output for publications |
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| 54 | </para></listitem> |
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| 55 | <listitem><para> |
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| 56 | Flexible camera control to debug complex geometries |
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| 57 | </para></listitem> |
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| 58 | <listitem><para> |
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| 59 | Tools to show volume overlap errors in detector geometries |
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| 60 | </para></listitem> |
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| 61 | <listitem><para> |
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| 62 | Interactive picking to get more information on visualized objects |
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| 63 | </para></listitem> |
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| 64 | </orderedlist> |
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| 65 | </para> |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | <para> |
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| 68 | No one graphics system is ideal for all of these requirements, |
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| 69 | and many of the large software frameworks into which Geant4 has |
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| 70 | been incorporated already have their own visualization systems, so |
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| 71 | Geant4 visualization was designed around an abstract interface that |
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| 72 | supports a diverse family of graphics systems. Some of these |
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| 73 | graphics systems use a graphics library compiled with Geant4, such |
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[905] | 74 | as OpenGL, Qt or OpenInventor, while others involve a separate application, such as |
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[921] | 75 | HepRApp or DAWN. |
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[904] | 76 | </para> |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | <para> |
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| 79 | You need not use all visualization drivers. You can select those |
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| 80 | suitable to your purposes. In the following, for simplicity, we |
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| 81 | assume that the Geant4 libraries are built (installed) with the |
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| 82 | "OpenGL-Xlib driver" and the "DAWNFILE driver" incorporated. |
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| 83 | </para> |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | <para> |
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| 86 | In order to use the DAWNFILE driver, you need Fukui Renderer |
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| 87 | DAWN, which is obtainable from the following Web site: |
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| 88 | <ulink url="http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis"> |
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| 89 | http://geant4.kek.jp/GEANT4/vis</ulink>. |
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| 90 | </para> |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | <para> |
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| 93 | In order to use the the OpenGL drivers, you need the OpenGL |
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| 94 | library, which is installed in many platforms by default. You also |
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| 95 | need to set an environmental variable |
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| 96 | <literal>G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER</literal> to <literal>1</literal> in |
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| 97 | building (installing) Genat4 libraries, and also set another environmental |
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| 98 | variable <literal>G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX</literal> to <literal>1</literal> |
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| 99 | in compiling your Geant4 executable. You may also have to set an |
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| 100 | environmental variable <literal>OGLHOME</literal> to the OpenGL root |
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| 101 | directory. For example, |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | <informalexample> |
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| 104 | <programlisting> |
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| 105 | setenv G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER 1 |
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| 106 | setenv G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX 1 |
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| 107 | setenv OGLHOME /usr/X11R6 |
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| 108 | </programlisting> |
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| 109 | </informalexample> |
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| 110 | </para> |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | <para> |
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| 113 | Some other visualization drivers depending on external libraries |
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| 114 | are also required to set the similar environmental variables, |
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| 115 | <literal>G4VIS_BUILD_DRIVERNAME_DRIVER</literal> and |
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| 116 | <literal>G4VIS_USE_DRIVERNAME</literal>, to <literal>1</literal>. All |
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| 117 | visualization drivers independent of external libraries, e.g. DAWNFILE and |
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| 118 | VRMLFILE drivers, need not such setting. (But you must prepare a |
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| 119 | proper visualization manager class and a proper <literal>main()</literal> |
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| 120 | function, anyway. See below.) |
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| 121 | </para> |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | <para> |
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| 124 | For all visualization drivers available in your Geant4 |
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| 125 | executable, the C-pre-processor flags <literal>G4VIS_USE_DRIVERNAME</literal> |
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| 126 | are automatically set by <literal>config/G4VIS_USE.gmk</literal> in |
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| 127 | compilation. Similarly, for all visualization drivers incorporated |
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| 128 | into the Geant4 libraries, the C-pre-processor flags |
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| 129 | <literal>G4VIS_BUILD_DRIVERNAME_DRIVER</literal> are automatically set by |
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| 130 | <literal>config/G4VIS_BUILD.gmk</literal> in installation. |
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| 131 | </para> |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | </sect2> |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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| 137 | <sect2 id="sect.HowToVis.IncorpVisDrivers"> |
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| 138 | <title> |
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| 139 | How to Incorporate Visualization Drivers into an Executable |
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| 140 | </title> |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | <para> |
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| 143 | You can realize (use) visualization driver(s) you want in your |
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| 144 | Geant4 executable. These can only be from the set installed in the |
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| 145 | Geant4 libraries. You will be warned if the one you request is not |
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| 146 | available. |
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| 147 | </para> |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | <para> |
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| 150 | In order to realize visualization drivers, you must instantiate |
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| 151 | and initialize a subclass of <literal>G4VisManager</literal> that implements |
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| 152 | the pure virtual function <literal>RegisterGraphicsSystems()</literal>. This |
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| 153 | subclass must be compiled in the user's domain to force the loading |
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| 154 | of appropriate libraries in the right order. The easiest way to do |
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| 155 | this is to use <literal>G4VisExecutive</literal>, a provided class with |
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| 156 | included implementation. <literal>G4VisExecutive</literal> is sensitive to |
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| 157 | the <literal>G4VIS_USE...</literal> variables mentioned above. |
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| 158 | </para> |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | <para> |
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| 161 | If you do wish to write your own subclass, you may do so. You |
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| 162 | will see how to do this by looking at <literal>G4VisExecutive.icc</literal>. |
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| 163 | A typical extract is: |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | <informalexample> |
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| 166 | <programlisting> |
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| 167 | ... |
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| 168 | RegisterGraphicsSystem (new G4DAWNFILE); |
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| 169 | ... |
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| 170 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX |
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| 171 | RegisterGraphicsSystem (new G4OpenGLImmediateX); |
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| 172 | RegisterGraphicsSystem (new G4OpenGLStoredX); |
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| 173 | #endif |
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| 174 | ... |
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| 175 | </programlisting> |
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| 176 | </informalexample> |
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| 177 | </para> |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | <para> |
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| 180 | If you wish to use <literal>G4VisExecutive</literal> but register an |
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| 181 | additional graphics system, <literal>XXX</literal> say, you may do so either |
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| 182 | before or after initializing: |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | <informalexample> |
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| 185 | <programlisting> |
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| 186 | visManager->RegisterGraphicsSytem(new XXX); |
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| 187 | visManager->Initialize(); |
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| 188 | </programlisting> |
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| 189 | </informalexample> |
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| 190 | </para> |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | <para> |
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| 193 | An example of a typical <literal>main()</literal> function is given |
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| 194 | below. |
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| 195 | </para> |
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| 196 | |
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| 197 | </sect2> |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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| 201 | <sect2 id="sect.HowToVis.WritingMain"> |
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| 202 | <title> |
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| 203 | Writing the <literal>main()</literal> Method to Include Visualization |
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| 204 | </title> |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | <para> |
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| 207 | Now we explain how to write a visualization manager and the |
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| 208 | <literal>main()</literal> function for Geant4 visualization. In order that |
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| 209 | your Geant4 executable is able to perform visualization, you must |
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| 210 | instantiate and initialize <emphasis>your</emphasis> Visualization Manager |
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| 211 | in the <literal>main()</literal> function. The typical |
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| 212 | <literal>main()</literal> |
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| 213 | function available for visualization is written in the following style: |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | <example id="programlist_HowToVis_1"> |
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| 216 | <title> |
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| 217 | The typical <literal>main()</literal> routine available for visualization. |
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| 218 | </title> |
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| 219 | <programlisting> |
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| 220 | //----- C++ source codes: main() function for visualization |
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| 221 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE |
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| 222 | #include "G4VisExecutive.hh" |
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| 223 | #endif |
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| 224 | |
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| 225 | ..... |
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| 226 | |
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| 227 | int main(int argc,char** argv) { |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | ..... |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | // Instantiation and initialization of the Visualization Manager |
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| 232 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE |
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| 233 | // visualization manager |
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| 234 | G4VisManager* visManager = new G4VisExecutive; |
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| 235 | visManager->Initialize(); |
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| 236 | #endif |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | ..... |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | // Job termination |
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| 241 | #ifdef G4VIS_USE |
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| 242 | delete visManager; |
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| 243 | #endif |
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| 244 | |
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| 245 | ..... |
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| 246 | |
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| 247 | return 0; |
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| 248 | } |
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| 249 | |
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| 250 | //----- end of C++ |
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| 251 | </programlisting> |
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| 252 | </example> |
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| 253 | </para> |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | <para> |
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| 256 | In the instantiation, initialization, and deletion of the |
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| 257 | Visualization Manager, the use of the macro <literal>G4VIS_USE</literal> is |
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| 258 | recommended. This is set unless the environment variable |
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| 259 | <literal>G4VIS_NONE</literal> is set. This allows one easily to build an |
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| 260 | executable without visualization, if required, without changing the |
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| 261 | code (but remember you have to force recompilation whenever you |
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| 262 | change the environment). Note that it is your responsibility to |
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| 263 | delete the instantiated Visualization Manager by yourself. A |
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| 264 | complete description of a sample <literal>main()</literal> function is |
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| 265 | described in <literal>examples/novice/N03/exampleN03.cc</literal>. |
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| 266 | </para> |
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| 267 | |
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| 268 | </sect2> |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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| 272 | <sect2 id="sect.HowToVis.SampleVis"> |
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| 273 | <title> |
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| 274 | Sample Visualization Sessions |
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| 275 | </title> |
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| 276 | |
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| 277 | <para> |
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| 278 | In this section we present typical sessions of Geant4 |
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| 279 | visualization. You can test them with the sample program |
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| 280 | geant4/examples/novice/N03. Run a binary executable "exampleN03" |
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| 281 | without an argument, and then execute the commands below in the |
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| 282 | "Idle>" state. Explanation of each command will be described |
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[905] | 283 | later. (Note that the OpenGL-Xlib driver, Qt driver and the DAWNFILE driver |
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[904] | 284 | are incorporated into the executable, and that Fukui Renderer DAWN |
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| 285 | is installed in your machine. ) |
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| 286 | </para> |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#3) ****************** --> |
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| 289 | <sect3 id="sect.HowToVis.SampleVis.VisDetector"> |
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| 290 | <title> |
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| 291 | Visualization of detector components |
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| 292 | </title> |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | <para> |
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| 295 | The following session visualizes detector components with the |
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| 296 | OpenGL-Xlib driver and then with the DAWNFILE driver. The former |
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| 297 | exhibits minimal visualization commands to visualize detector |
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| 298 | geometry, while the latter exhibits customized visualization |
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| 299 | (visualization of a selected physical volume, coordinate axes, |
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| 300 | texts, etc). |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | <informalexample> |
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| 303 | <programlisting> |
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| 304 | ################################################### |
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| 305 | # vis1.mac: |
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| 306 | # A Sample macro to demonstrate visualization |
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| 307 | # of detector geometry. |
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| 308 | # |
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| 309 | # USAGE: |
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| 310 | # Save the commands below as a macro file, say, |
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| 311 | # "vis1.mac", and execute it as follows: |
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| 312 | # |
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| 313 | # % $(G4BINDIR)/exampleN03 |
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| 314 | # Idle> /control/execute vis1.mac |
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| 315 | ############################################# |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | ############################################# |
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| 318 | # Visualization of detector geometry |
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| 319 | # with the OGLIX (OpenGL Immediate X) driver |
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| 320 | ############################################# |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | # Invoke the OGLIX driver: |
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| 323 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the OGLIX driver |
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| 324 | /vis/open OGLIX |
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| 325 | |
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| 326 | # Visualize the whole detector geometry |
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| 327 | # with the default camera parameters. |
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| 328 | # Command "/vis/drawVolume" visualizes the detector geometry, |
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| 329 | # and command "/vis/viewer/flush" declares the end of visualization. |
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| 330 | # (The command /vis/viewer/flush can be omitted for the OGLIX |
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| 331 | # and OGLSX drivers.) |
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| 332 | # The default argument of "/vis/drawVolume" is "world". |
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| 333 | /vis/drawVolume |
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| 334 | /vis/viewer/flush |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | ######################################### |
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| 337 | # Visualization with the DAWNFILE driver |
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| 338 | ######################################### |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | # Invoke the DAWNFILE driver |
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| 341 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the DAWNFILE driver |
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| 342 | /vis/open DAWNFILE |
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| 343 | |
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| 344 | # Bird's-eye view of a detector component (Absorber) |
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| 345 | # drawing style: hidden-surface removal |
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| 346 | # viewpoint : (theta,phi) = (35*deg, 45*deg), |
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| 347 | # zoom factor: 1.1 of the full screen size |
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| 348 | # coordinate axes: |
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| 349 | # x-axis:red, y-axis:green, z-axis:blue |
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| 350 | # origin: (0,0,0), length: 500 mm |
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| 351 | # |
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| 352 | /vis/viewer/reset |
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| 353 | /vis/viewer/set/style surface |
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| 354 | /vis/viewer/zoom 1.1 |
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| 355 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 35 45 |
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| 356 | /vis/drawVolume Absorber |
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| 357 | /vis/scene/add/axes 0 0 0 500 mm |
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| 358 | /vis/scene/add/text 0 0 0 mm 40 -100 -140 Absorber |
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| 359 | /vis/viewer/flush |
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| 360 | |
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| 361 | # Bird's-eye view of the whole detector components |
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| 362 | # * "/vis/viewer/set/culling global false" makes the invisible |
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| 363 | # world volume visible. |
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| 364 | # (The invisibility of the world volume is set |
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| 365 | # in ExN03DetectorConstruction.cc.) |
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| 366 | /vis/viewer/set/style wireframe |
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| 367 | /vis/viewer/set/culling global false |
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| 368 | /vis/drawVolume |
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| 369 | /vis/scene/add/axes 0 0 0 500 mm |
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| 370 | /vis/scene/add/text 0 0 0 mm 50 -50 -200 world |
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| 371 | /vis/viewer/flush |
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| 372 | ################### END of vis1.mac ################### |
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| 373 | </programlisting> |
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| 374 | </informalexample> |
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| 375 | </para> |
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| 376 | |
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| 377 | </sect3> |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#3) ****************** --> |
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| 380 | <sect3 id="sect.HowToVis.SampleVis.VisEvents"> |
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| 381 | <title> |
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| 382 | Visualization of events |
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| 383 | </title> |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | <para> |
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| 386 | The following session visualizes events (tajectories) with the |
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| 387 | OpenGL-Xlib driver and then with the DAWNFILE driver. The former |
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| 388 | exhibits minimal visualization commands to visualize events, while |
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| 389 | the latter exhibits customized visualization. Note that the run |
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| 390 | action and event action classes should be described properly. (See, |
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| 391 | for example, the following classes: |
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| 392 | "examples/novice/N03/src/ExN03RunAction.cc", |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | <informalexample> |
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| 395 | <programlisting> |
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| 396 | ################################################### |
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| 397 | # vis2.mac: |
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| 398 | # A Sample macro to demonstrate visualization |
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| 399 | # of events (trajectories). |
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| 400 | # |
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| 401 | # USAGE: |
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| 402 | # Save the commands below as a macro file, say, |
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| 403 | # "vis2.mac", and execute it as follows: |
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| 404 | # |
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| 405 | # % $(G4BINDIR)/exampleN03 |
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| 406 | # Idle> /control/execute vis1.mac |
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| 407 | ############################################# |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | ##################################################### |
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| 410 | # Store particle trajectories for visualization |
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| 411 | /tracking/storeTrajectory 1 |
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| 412 | ##################################################### |
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| 413 | |
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| 414 | ######################################################## |
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| 415 | # Visualization with the OGLSX (OpenGL Stored X) driver |
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| 416 | ######################################################## |
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| 417 | |
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| 418 | # Invoke the OGLSX driver |
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| 419 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the OGLSX driver |
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| 420 | /vis/open OGLSX |
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| 421 | |
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| 422 | # Create an empty scene and add detector components to it |
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| 423 | /vis/drawVolume |
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| 424 | |
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| 425 | # Add trajectories to the current scene |
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| 426 | # Note: This command is not necessary in, e.g., |
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| 427 | # examples/novice/N03, since the C++ method DrawTrajectory() |
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| 428 | # is described in the event action. |
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| 429 | #/vis/scene/add/trajectories |
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| 430 | |
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| 431 | # Set viewing parameters |
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| 432 | /vis/viewer/reset |
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| 433 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 10 20 |
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| 434 | |
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| 435 | # Visualize one it. |
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| 436 | /run/beamOn 1 |
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| 437 | |
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| 438 | ########################################################## |
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| 439 | # Visualization with the DAWNFILE driver |
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| 440 | ########################################################## |
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| 441 | |
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| 442 | # Invoke the DAWNFILE driver |
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| 443 | # Create a scene handler and a viewer for the DAWNFILE driver |
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| 444 | /vis/open DAWNFILE |
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| 445 | |
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| 446 | # Create an empty scene and add detector components to it |
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| 447 | /vis/drawVolume |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | # Add trajectories to the current scene |
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| 450 | # Note: This command is not necessary in exampleN03, |
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| 451 | # since the C++ method DrawTrajectory() is |
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| 452 | # described in the event action. |
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| 453 | #/vis/scene/add/trajectories |
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| 454 | |
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| 455 | # Visualize plural events (bird's eye view) |
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| 456 | # drawing style: wireframe |
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| 457 | # viewpoint : (theta,phi) = (45*deg, 45*deg) |
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| 458 | # zoom factor: 1.5 x (full screen size) |
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| 459 | /vis/viewer/reset |
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| 460 | /vis/viewer/set/style wireframe |
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| 461 | /vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 45 45 |
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| 462 | /vis/viewer/zoom 1.5 |
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| 463 | /run/beamOn 2 |
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| 464 | |
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| 465 | # Set the drawing style to "surface" |
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| 466 | # Candidates: wireframe, surface |
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| 467 | /vis/viewer/set/style surface |
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| 468 | |
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| 469 | # Visualize plural events (bird's eye view) again |
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| 470 | # with another drawing style (surface) |
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| 471 | /run/beamOn 2 |
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| 472 | |
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| 473 | ################### END of vis2.mac ################### |
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| 474 | </programlisting> |
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| 475 | </informalexample> |
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| 476 | </para> |
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| 477 | |
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| 478 | </sect3> |
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| 479 | </sect2> |
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| 480 | |
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| 481 | |
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| 482 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** --> |
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| 483 | <sect2 id="sect.HowToVis.MoreInfo"> |
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| 484 | <title> |
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| 485 | For More Information on Geant4 Visualization |
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| 486 | </title> |
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| 487 | |
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| 488 | <para> |
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| 489 | See the <xref linkend="chap.Visualization" /> "Visualization" |
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| 490 | part of this user guide. |
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| 491 | </para> |
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| 492 | |
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| 493 | |
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| 494 | </sect2> |
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| 495 | </sect1> |
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