| 1 | <!-- ******************************************************** -->
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| 2 | <!-- -->
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| 3 | <!-- [History] -->
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| 4 | <!-- Changed by: Katsuya Amako, 15-Jul-2000 -->
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| 5 | <!-- Changed by: Dennis Wright, 27-Nov-2001 -->
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| 6 | <!-- Proof read by: Joe Chuma, 5-Jul-1999 -->
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| 7 | <!-- Converted to DocBook: Katsuya Amako, Aug-2006 -->
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| 8 | <!-- Added Qt Info: Laurent Garnier, Dec-2008 -->
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| 9 | <!-- Updates for Qt and HepRApp: Joseph Perl, Dec-2008 -->
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| 10 | <!-- Typo correction : Laurent Garnier, Dec-2009 -->
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| 11 | <!-- -->
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| 12 | <!-- ******************************************************** -->
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| 13 |
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| 14 |
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| 15 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#1) ****************** -->
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| 16 | <sect1 id="sect.VisIntro">
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| 17 | <title>
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| 18 | Introduction to Visualization
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| 19 | </title>
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <para>
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| 22 | The Geant4 visualization system was developed in response to a
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| 23 | diverse set of requirements:
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <orderedlist spacing="compact">
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| 26 | <listitem><para>
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| 27 | Quick response to study geometries, trajectories and hits
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| 28 | </para></listitem>
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| 29 | <listitem><para>
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| 30 | High-quality output for publications
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| 31 | </para></listitem>
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| 32 | <listitem><para>
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| 33 | Flexible camera control to debug complex geometries
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| 34 | </para></listitem>
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| 35 | <listitem><para>
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| 36 | Tools to show volume overlap errors in detector geometries
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| 37 | </para></listitem>
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| 38 | <listitem><para>
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| 39 | Interactive picking to get more information on visualized objects
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| 40 | </para></listitem>
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| 41 | </orderedlist>
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| 42 | </para>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <para>
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| 45 | No one graphics system is ideal for all of these requirements,
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| 46 | and many of the large software frameworks into which Geant4 has
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| 47 | been incorporated already have their own visualization systems, so
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| 48 | Geant4 visualization was designed around an abstract interface that
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| 49 | supports a diverse family of graphics systems. Some of these
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| 50 | graphics systems use a graphics library compiled with Geant4, such
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| 51 | as OpenGL, Qt, while others involve a separate application, such as
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| 52 | HepRApp or DAWN.
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| 53 | </para>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 56 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.What">
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| 57 | <title>
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| 58 | What Can be Visualized
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| 59 | </title>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <para>
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| 62 | Simulation data can be visualized:
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 65 | <listitem><para>
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| 66 | Detector components
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| 67 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 68 | <listitem><para>
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| 69 | A hierarchical structure of physical volumes
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| 70 | </para></listitem>
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| 71 | <listitem><para>
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| 72 | A piece of physical volume, logical volume, and solid
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| 73 | </para></listitem>
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| 74 | </itemizedlist>
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| 75 | </para></listitem>
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| 76 | <listitem><para>
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| 77 | Particle trajectories and tracking steps
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| 78 | </para></listitem>
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| 79 | <listitem><para>
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| 80 | Hits of particles in detector components
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| 81 | </para></listitem>
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| 82 | </itemizedlist>
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| 83 | </para>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <para>
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| 86 | Other user defined objects can be visualized:
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 89 | <listitem><para>
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| 90 | Polylines, such as coordinate axes
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| 91 | </para></listitem>
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| 92 | <listitem><para>
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| 93 | 3D Markers, such as eye guides
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| 94 | </para></listitem>
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| 95 | <listitem><para>
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| 96 | Text, descriptive character strings, comments or titles
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| 97 | </para></listitem>
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| 98 | <listitem><para>
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| 99 | Scales
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| 100 | </para></listitem>
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| 101 | <listitem><para>
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| 102 | Logos
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| 103 | </para></listitem>
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| 104 | </itemizedlist>
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| 105 | </para>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | </sect2>
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| 108 |
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 111 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.Choice">
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| 112 | <title>
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| 113 | You have a Choice of Visualization Drivers
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| 114 | </title>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | <para>
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| 117 | The many graphics systems that Geant4 supports are complementary to
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| 118 | each other.
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 121 | <listitem><para>
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| 122 | OpenGL
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| 123 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 124 | <listitem><para>
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| 125 | View directly from Geant4
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| 126 | </para></listitem>
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| 127 | <listitem><para>
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| 128 | Requires addition of GL libraries that are freely avialable for all operating systems (and pre-installed on many)
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| 129 | </para></listitem>
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| 130 | <listitem><para>
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| 131 | Rendered, photorealistic image with some interactive features
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| 132 | </para></listitem>
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| 133 | <listitem><para>
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| 134 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 135 | </para></listitem>
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| 136 | <listitem><para>
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| 137 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 138 | hardware)
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| 139 | </para></listitem>
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| 140 | <listitem><para>
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| 141 | Print to EPS (vector and pixel graphics)
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| 142 | </para></listitem>
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| 143 | </itemizedlist>
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| 144 | </para></listitem>
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| 145 | <listitem><para>
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| 146 | Qt
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| 147 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 148 | <listitem><para>
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| 149 | View directly from Geant4
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| 150 | </para></listitem>
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| 151 | <listitem><para>
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| 152 | Requires addition of Qt and GL libraries that are freely available on most operating
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| 153 | systems
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| 154 | </para></listitem>
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| 155 | <listitem><para>
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| 156 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 157 | </para></listitem>
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| 158 | <listitem><para>
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| 159 | Many interactive features
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| 160 | </para></listitem>
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| 161 | <listitem><para>
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| 162 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 163 | </para></listitem>
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| 164 | <listitem><para>
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| 165 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 166 | hardware)
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| 167 | </para></listitem>
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| 168 | <listitem><para>
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| 169 | Expanded printing ability (vector and pixel graphics)
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| 170 | </para></listitem>
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| 171 | <listitem><para>
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| 172 | Easy interface to make movies
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| 173 | </para></listitem>
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| 174 | </itemizedlist>
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| 175 | </para></listitem>
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| 176 | <listitem><para>
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| 177 | OpenInventor
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| 178 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 179 | <listitem><para>
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| 180 | View directly from Geant4
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| 181 | </para></listitem>
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| 182 | <listitem><para>
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| 183 | Requires addition of OpenInventor libraries (freely available
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| 184 | for most Linux systems).
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| 185 | </para></listitem>
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| 186 | <listitem><para>
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| 187 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 188 | </para></listitem>
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| 189 | <listitem><para>
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| 190 | Many interactive features
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| 191 | </para></listitem>
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| 192 | <listitem><para>
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| 193 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 194 | </para></listitem>
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| 195 | <listitem><para>
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| 196 | click to "see inside" opaque
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| 197 | volumes
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| 198 | </para></listitem>
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| 199 | <listitem><para>
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| 200 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 201 | hardware)
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| 202 | </para></listitem>
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| 203 | <listitem><para>
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| 204 | Expanded printing ability (vector and pixel graphics)
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| 205 | </para></listitem>
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| 206 | </itemizedlist>
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| 207 | </para></listitem>
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| 208 | <listitem><para>
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| 209 | HepRep
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| 210 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 211 | <listitem><para>
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| 212 | Create a file to view in a HepRep browser such as HepRApp,
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| 213 | FRED or WIRED4
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| 214 | </para></listitem>
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| 215 | <listitem><para>
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| 216 | Requires a HepRep browser (above options work on any operating system)
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| 217 | </para></listitem>
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| 218 | <listitem><para>
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| 219 | Wireframe or simple area fills (not photorealistic)
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| 220 | </para></listitem>
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| 221 | <listitem><para>
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| 222 | Many interactive features
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| 223 | </para></listitem>
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| 224 | <listitem><para>
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| 225 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 226 | </para></listitem>
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| 227 | <listitem><para>
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| 228 | click to show attributes (momentum, etc.)
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| 229 | </para></listitem>
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| 230 | <listitem><para>
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| 231 | special projections (FishEye, etc.)
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| 232 | </para></listitem>
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| 233 | <listitem><para>
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| 234 | control visibility from hierarchical (tree) view of data
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| 235 | </para></listitem>
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| 236 | <listitem><para>
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| 237 | Hierarchical view of the geometry
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| 238 | </para></listitem>
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| 239 | <listitem><para>
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| 240 | Export to many vector graphic formats (PostScript, PDF, etc.)
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| 241 | </para></listitem>
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| 242 | </itemizedlist>
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| 243 | </para></listitem>
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| 244 | <listitem><para>
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| 245 | DAWN
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| 246 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 247 | <listitem><para>
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| 248 | Create a file to view in the DAWN Renderer
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| 249 | </para></listitem>
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| 250 | <listitem><para>
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| 251 | Requires DAWN, available for all Linux and Windows systems.
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| 252 | </para></listitem>
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| 253 | <listitem><para>
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| 254 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 255 | </para></listitem>
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| 256 | <listitem><para>
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| 257 | No interactive features
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| 258 | </para></listitem>
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| 259 | <listitem><para>
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| 260 | Highest quality technical rendering - output to vector PostScript
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| 261 | </para></listitem>
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| 262 | </itemizedlist>
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| 263 | </para></listitem>
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| 264 | <listitem><para>
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| 265 | VRML
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| 266 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 267 | <listitem><para>
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| 268 | Create a file to view in any VRML browser (some as web browser
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| 269 | plug-ins).
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| 270 | </para></listitem>
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| 271 | <listitem><para>
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| 272 | Requires VRML browser (many different choices for different
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| 273 | operating systems).
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| 274 | </para></listitem>
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| 275 | <listitem><para>
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| 276 | Rendered, photorealistic image with some interactive features
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| 277 | </para></listitem>
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| 278 | <listitem><para>
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| 279 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 280 | </para></listitem>
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| 281 | <listitem><para>
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| 282 | Limited printing ability (pixel graphics, not vector graphics)
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| 283 | </para></listitem>
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| 284 | </itemizedlist>
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| 285 | </para></listitem>
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| 286 | <listitem><para>
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| 287 | RayTracer
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| 288 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 289 | <listitem><para>
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| 290 | Create a jpeg file
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| 291 | </para></listitem>
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| 292 | <listitem><para>
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| 293 | Forms image by using Geant4's own tracking
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| 294 | to follow photons through the detector
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| 295 | </para></listitem>
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| 296 | <listitem><para>
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| 297 | Can show geometry but not trajectories
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| 298 | </para></listitem>
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| 299 | <listitem><para>
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| 300 | Can render any geometry that Geant4 can handle (such as Boolean
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| 301 | solids)
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| 302 | </para></listitem>
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| 303 | <listitem><para>
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| 304 | Supports shadows, transparency and mirrored surfaces
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| 305 | </para></listitem>
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| 306 | </itemizedlist>
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| 307 | </para></listitem>
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| 308 | <listitem><para>
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| 309 | ASCIITree
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| 310 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 311 | <listitem><para>
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| 312 | Text dump of the geometry hierarchy
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| 313 | </para></listitem>
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| 314 | <listitem><para>
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| 315 | Not graphical
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| 316 | </para></listitem>
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| 317 | <listitem><para>
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| 318 | Control over level of detail to be dumped
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| 319 | </para></listitem>
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| 320 | <listitem><para>
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| 321 | Can calculate mass and volume of any hierarchy of volumes
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| 322 | </para></listitem>
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| 323 | </itemizedlist>
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| 324 | </para></listitem>
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| 325 | </itemizedlist>
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| 326 | </para>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | </sect2>
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| 329 |
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 332 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.ChoDrv">
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| 333 | <title>
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| 334 | Choose the Driver that Meets Your Needs
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| 335 | </title>
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| 336 |
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| 337 | <para>
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| 338 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 339 | <listitem><para>
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| 340 | If you want very responsive photorealistic graphics (and have
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| 341 | the OpenGL libraries installed)
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| 342 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 343 | <listitem><para>
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| 344 | OpenGL is a good solution (if you have the Motif extensions,
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| 345 | this also gives GUI control)
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| 346 | </para></listitem>
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| 347 | </itemizedlist>
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| 348 | </para></listitem>
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| 349 | <listitem><para>
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| 350 | If you want very responsive photorealistic graphics plus more
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| 351 | interactivity (and have the OpenInventor or Qt libraries installed)
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| 352 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 353 | <listitem><para>
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| 354 | OpenInventor or Qt are good solutions
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| 355 | </para></listitem>
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| 356 | </itemizedlist>
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| 357 | </para></listitem>
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| 358 | <listitem><para>
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| 359 | If you want GUI control, very responsive photorealistic graphics plus more
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| 360 | interactivity (and have the Qt libraries installed).
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| 361 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 362 | <listitem><para>
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| 363 | Qt is a good solution
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| 364 | </para></listitem>
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| 365 | </itemizedlist>
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| 366 | </para></listitem>
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| 367 | <listitem><para>
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| 368 | If you want GUI control, want to be able to pick on items to
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| 369 | inquire about them (identity, momentum, etc.), perhaps want to
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| 370 | render to vector formats, and a wireframe look will do
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| 371 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 372 | <listitem><para>
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| 373 | HepRep will meet your needs
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| 374 | </para></listitem>
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| 375 | </itemizedlist>
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| 376 | </para></listitem>
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| 377 | <listitem><para>
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| 378 | If you want to render highest quality photorealistic images for
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| 379 | use in a poster or a technical design report, and you can live
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| 380 | without quick rotate and zoom
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| 381 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 382 | <listitem><para>
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| 383 | DAWN is the way to go
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| 384 | </para></listitem>
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| 385 | </itemizedlist>
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| 386 | </para></listitem>
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| 387 | <listitem><para>
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| 388 | If you want to render to a 3D format that others can view in a
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| 389 | variety of commodity browsers (including some web browser plug-ins)
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| 390 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 391 | <listitem><para>
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| 392 | VRML is the way to go
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| 393 | </para></listitem>
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| 394 | </itemizedlist>
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| 395 | </para></listitem>
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| 396 | </itemizedlist>
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| 397 |
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| 398 | <?soft-pagebreak ?>
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| 399 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 400 | <listitem><para>
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| 401 | If you want to visualize a geometry that the other
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| 402 | visualization drivers can't handle, or you need
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| 403 | transparency or mirrors, and you don't need to
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| 404 | visualize trajectories
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| 405 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 406 | <listitem><para>
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| 407 | RayTracer will do it
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| 408 | </para></listitem>
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| 409 | </itemizedlist>
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| 410 | </para></listitem>
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| 411 | <listitem><para>
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| 412 | If you just want to quickly check the geometry hierarchy, or if
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| 413 | you want to calculate the volume or mass of any geometry hierarchy
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| 414 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 415 | <listitem><para>
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| 416 | ASCIITree will meet your needs
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| 417 | </para></listitem>
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| 418 | </itemizedlist>
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| 419 | </para></listitem>
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| 420 | <listitem><para>
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| 421 | You can also add your own visualization driver.
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| 422 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 423 | <listitem><para>
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| 424 | Geant4's visualization system is modular. By
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| 425 | creating just three new classes, you can direct Geant4 information
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| 426 | to your own visualization system.
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| 427 | </para></listitem>
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| 428 | </itemizedlist>
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| 429 | </para></listitem>
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| 430 | </itemizedlist>
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| 431 | </para>
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| 432 |
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| 433 | </sect2>
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| 434 |
|
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| 435 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 436 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.CntVis">
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| 437 | <title>
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| 438 | Controlling Visualization
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| 439 | </title>
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| 440 |
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| 441 | <para>
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| 442 | Your Geant4 code stays basically the same no matter which driver
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| 443 | you use.
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| 444 | </para>
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| 445 |
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| 446 | <para>
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| 447 | Visualization is performed either with commands or from C++ code.
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| 448 |
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| 449 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 450 | <listitem><para>
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| 451 | Some visualization drivers work directly from Geant4
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| 452 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 453 | <listitem><para>
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| 454 | OpenGL
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| 455 | </para></listitem>
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| 456 | <listitem><para>
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| 457 | Qt
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| 458 | </para></listitem>
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| 459 | <listitem><para>
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| 460 | OpenInventor
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| 461 | </para></listitem>
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| 462 | <listitem><para>
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| 463 | RayTracer
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| 464 | </para></listitem>
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| 465 | <listitem><para>
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| 466 | ASCIITree
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| 467 | </para></listitem>
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| 468 | </itemizedlist>
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| 469 | </para></listitem>
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| 470 | <listitem><para>
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| 471 | For other visualization drivers, you first have Geant4 produce
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| 472 | a file, and then you have that file rendered by another application
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| 473 | (which may have GUI control)
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| 474 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 475 | <listitem><para>
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| 476 | HepRep
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| 477 | </para></listitem>
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| 478 | <listitem><para>
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| 479 | DAWN
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| 480 | </para></listitem>
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| 481 | <listitem><para>
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| 482 | VRML
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| 483 | </para></listitem>
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| 484 | </itemizedlist>
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| 485 | </para></listitem>
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| 486 | </itemizedlist>
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| 487 | </para>
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| 488 |
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| 489 | </sect2>
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| 490 |
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| 491 |
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| 492 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 493 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.Details">
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| 494 | <title>
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| 495 | Visualization Details
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| 496 | </title>
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| 497 |
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| 498 | <para>
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| 499 | The following sections of this guide cover the details of Geant4
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| 500 | visualization:
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| 501 |
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| 502 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 503 | <listitem><para>
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| 504 | <xref linkend="sect.VisAddExe" />
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| 505 | Adding Visualization to Your Executable
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| 506 | </para></listitem>
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| 507 | <listitem><para>
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| 508 | <xref linkend="sect.VisDrv" />
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| 509 | The Visualization Drivers
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| 510 | </para></listitem>
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| 511 | <listitem><para>
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| 512 | <xref linkend="sect.VisCntCmmd" />
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| 513 | Controlling Visualization from Commands
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| 514 | </para></listitem>
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| 515 | <listitem><para>
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|---|
| 516 | <xref linkend="sect.VisCntCmpl" />
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| 517 | Controlling Visualization from Compiled Code
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| 518 | </para></listitem>
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| 519 | <listitem><para>
|
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| 520 | <xref linkend="sect.VisAtt" />
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| 521 | Visualization Attributes
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| 522 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 523 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 524 | <xref linkend="sect.VisEnhTrj" />
|
|---|
| 525 | Enhanced Trajectory Drawing
|
|---|
| 526 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 527 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 528 | <xref linkend="sect.VisPlylMrkTxt" />
|
|---|
| 529 | Polylines, Markers and Text
|
|---|
| 530 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 531 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 532 | <xref linkend="sect.MkMovie" />
|
|---|
| 533 | Making a Movie
|
|---|
| 534 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 535 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 536 | </para>
|
|---|
| 537 |
|
|---|
| 538 | <para>
|
|---|
| 539 | Other useful references for Geant4 visualization outside of this
|
|---|
| 540 | user guide:
|
|---|
| 541 |
|
|---|
| 542 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
|---|
| 543 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 544 | Introduction to Geant4 Visualization (
|
|---|
| 545 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisIntroduction.pdf">
|
|---|
| 546 | pdf</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 547 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisIntroduction.ppt">
|
|---|
| 548 | ppt</ulink> )
|
|---|
| 549 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 550 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 551 | Geant4 Visualization Commands (
|
|---|
| 552 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisCommands.pdf">
|
|---|
| 553 | pdf</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 554 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisCommands.ppt">
|
|---|
| 555 | ppt</ulink> )
|
|---|
| 556 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 557 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 558 | Geant4 Advanced Visualization (
|
|---|
| 559 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisAdvanced.pdf">
|
|---|
| 560 | pdf</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 561 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisAdvanced.ppt">
|
|---|
| 562 | ppt</ulink> )
|
|---|
| 563 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 564 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 565 | How to Make a Movie (
|
|---|
| 566 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/HowToMakeAMovie.pdf">
|
|---|
| 567 | pdf</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 568 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/HowToMakeAMovie.ppt">
|
|---|
| 569 | ppt</ulink> )
|
|---|
| 570 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 571 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 572 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4HepRAppTutorial/G4HepRAppTutorial.html">
|
|---|
| 573 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial using the HepRApp HepRep Browser</ulink>
|
|---|
| 574 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 575 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 576 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4OpenGLTutorial/G4OpenGLTutorial.html">
|
|---|
| 577 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial using the OpenGL Event Display</ulink>
|
|---|
| 578 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 579 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 580 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4DAWNTutorial/G4DAWNTutorial.html">
|
|---|
| 581 | Geant4 Visualization Tutorial using the DAWN Event Display</ulink>
|
|---|
| 582 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 583 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 584 | Macro files distributed in Geant4 source in
|
|---|
| 585 | <literal>examples/novice/N03/visTutor/</literal>.
|
|---|
| 586 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 587 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 588 | </para>
|
|---|
| 589 |
|
|---|
| 590 |
|
|---|
| 591 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 592 | </sect1> |
|---|
