| 1 | <!-- ******************************************************** -->
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| 2 | <!-- -->
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| 3 | <!-- [History] -->
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| 4 | <!-- Changed by: Katsuya Amako, 15-Jul-2000 -->
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| 5 | <!-- Changed by: Dennis Wright, 27-Nov-2001 -->
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| 6 | <!-- Proof read by: Joe Chuma, 5-Jul-1999 -->
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| 7 | <!-- Converted to DocBook: Katsuya Amako, Aug-2006 -->
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| 8 | <!-- -->
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| 9 | <!-- ******************************************************** -->
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| 10 |
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#1) ****************** -->
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| 13 | <sect1 id="sect.VisIntro">
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| 14 | <title>
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| 15 | Introduction to Visualization
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| 16 | </title>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <para>
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| 19 | The Geant4 visualization system was developed in response to a
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| 20 | diverse set of requirements:
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <orderedlist spacing="compact">
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| 23 | <listitem><para>
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| 24 | Quick response to study geometries, trajectories and hits
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| 25 | </para></listitem>
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| 26 | <listitem><para>
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| 27 | High-quality output for publications
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| 28 | </para></listitem>
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| 29 | <listitem><para>
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| 30 | Flexible camera control to debug complex geometries
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| 31 | </para></listitem>
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| 32 | <listitem><para>
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| 33 | Tools to show volume overlap errors in detector geometries
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| 34 | </para></listitem>
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| 35 | <listitem><para>
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| 36 | Interactive picking to get more information on visualized objects
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| 37 | </para></listitem>
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| 38 | </orderedlist>
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| 39 | </para>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para>
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| 42 | No one graphics system is ideal for all of these requirements,
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| 43 | and many of the large software frameworks into which Geant4 has
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| 44 | been incorporated already have their own visualization systems, so
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| 45 | Geant4 visualization was designed around an abstract interface that
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| 46 | supports a diverse family of graphics systems. Some of these
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| 47 | graphics systems use a graphics library compiled with Geant4, such
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| 48 | as OpenGL, Qt, while others involve a separate application, such as
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| 49 | WIRED or DAWN.
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| 50 | </para>
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| 51 |
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| 52 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 53 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.What">
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| 54 | <title>
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| 55 | What Can be Visualized
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| 56 | </title>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | <para>
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| 59 | Simulation data can be visualized:
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 62 | <listitem><para>
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| 63 | Detector components
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| 64 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 65 | <listitem><para>
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| 66 | A hierarchical structure of physical volumes
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| 67 | </para></listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem><para>
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| 69 | A piece of physical volume, logical volume, and solid
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| 70 | </para></listitem>
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| 71 | </itemizedlist>
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| 72 | </para></listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem><para>
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| 74 | Particle trajectories and tracking steps
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| 75 | </para></listitem>
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| 76 | <listitem><para>
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| 77 | Hits of particles in detector components
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| 78 | </para></listitem>
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| 79 | </itemizedlist>
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| 80 | </para>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <para>
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| 83 | Other user defined objects can be visualized:
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 86 | <listitem><para>
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| 87 | Polylines, such as coordinate axes
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| 88 | </para></listitem>
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| 89 | <listitem><para>
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| 90 | 3D Markers, such as eye guides
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| 91 | </para></listitem>
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| 92 | <listitem><para>
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| 93 | Text, descriptive character strings, comments or titles
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| 94 | </para></listitem>
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| 95 | <listitem><para>
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| 96 | Scales
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| 97 | </para></listitem>
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| 98 | <listitem><para>
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| 99 | Logos
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| 100 | </para></listitem>
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| 101 | </itemizedlist>
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| 102 | </para>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | </sect2>
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| 105 |
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 108 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.Choice">
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| 109 | <title>
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| 110 | You have a Choice of Visualization Drivers
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| 111 | </title>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <para>
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| 114 | The many graphics systems that Geant4 supports are complementary to
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| 115 | each other.
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 118 | <listitem><para>
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| 119 | OpenGL
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| 120 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 121 | <listitem><para>
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| 122 | View directly from Geant4
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| 123 | </para></listitem>
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| 124 | <listitem><para>
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| 125 | Uses GL libraries that are already included on most Linux
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| 126 | systems (plus some Windows availability)
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| 127 | </para></listitem>
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| 128 | <listitem><para>
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| 129 | Rendered, photorealistic image with some interactive features
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| 130 | </para></listitem>
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| 131 | <listitem><para>
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| 132 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 133 | </para></listitem>
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| 134 | <listitem><para>
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| 135 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 136 | hardware)
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| 137 | </para></listitem>
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| 138 | <listitem><para>
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| 139 | Limited printing ability (pixel graphics, not vector graphics)
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| 140 | </para></listitem>
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| 141 | </itemizedlist>
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| 142 | </para></listitem>
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| 143 | <listitem><para>
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| 144 | Qt
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| 145 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 146 | <listitem><para>
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| 147 | View directly from Geant4
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| 148 | </para></listitem>
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| 149 | <listitem><para>
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| 150 | Uses Qt and GL libraries that are already included on most Linux
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| 151 | systems (plus some Windows availability)
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| 152 | </para></listitem>
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| 153 | <listitem><para>
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| 154 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 155 | </para></listitem>
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| 156 | <listitem><para>
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| 157 | Many interactive features
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| 158 | </para></listitem>
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| 159 | <listitem><para>
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| 160 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 161 | </para></listitem>
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| 162 | <listitem><para>
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| 163 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 164 | hardware)
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| 165 | </para></listitem>
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| 166 | <listitem><para>
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| 167 | Expanded printing ability (vector and pixel graphics)
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| 168 | </para></listitem>
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| 169 | <listitem><para>
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| 170 | Make movies interactively
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| 171 | </para></listitem>
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| 172 | </itemizedlist>
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| 173 | </para></listitem>
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| 174 | <listitem><para>
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| 175 | OpenInventor
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| 176 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 177 | <listitem><para>
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| 178 | View directly from Geant4
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| 179 | </para></listitem>
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| 180 | <listitem><para>
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| 181 | Requires addition of OpenInventor libraries (freely available
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| 182 | for most Linux systems).
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| 183 | </para></listitem>
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| 184 | <listitem><para>
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| 185 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 186 | </para></listitem>
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| 187 | <listitem><para>
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| 188 | Many interactive features
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| 189 | </para></listitem>
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| 190 | <listitem><para>
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| 191 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 192 | </para></listitem>
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| 193 | <listitem><para>
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| 194 | click to "see inside" opaque
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| 195 | volumes
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| 196 | </para></listitem>
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| 197 | <listitem><para>
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| 198 | Fast response (can usually exploit full potential of graphics
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| 199 | hardware)
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| 200 | </para></listitem>
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| 201 | <listitem><para>
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| 202 | Expanded printing ability (vector and pixel graphics)
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| 203 | </para></listitem>
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| 204 | </itemizedlist>
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| 205 | </para></listitem>
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| 206 | <listitem><para>
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| 207 | HepRep/WIRED
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| 208 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 209 | <listitem><para>
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| 210 | Create a file to view in the WIRED3 HepRep Browser or the
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| 211 | WIRED4 JAS Plugin
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| 212 | </para></listitem>
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| 213 | <listitem><para>
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| 214 | Requires WIRED browser (a Java application easily to install on
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| 215 | all operating systems)
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| 216 | </para></listitem>
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| 217 | <listitem><para>
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| 218 | Wireframe or simple area fills (not photorealistic)
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| 219 | </para></listitem>
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| 220 | <listitem><para>
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| 221 | Many interactive features
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| 222 | </para></listitem>
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| 223 | <listitem><para>
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| 224 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 225 | </para></listitem>
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| 226 | <listitem><para>
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| 227 | click to show attributes (momentum, etc.)
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| 228 | </para></listitem>
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| 229 | <listitem><para>
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| 230 | special projections (FishEye, etc.)
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| 231 | </para></listitem>
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| 232 | <listitem><para>
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| 233 | control visibility from hierarchical (tree) view of data
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| 234 | </para></listitem>
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| 235 | <listitem><para>
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| 236 | Hierarchical view of the geometry
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| 237 | </para></listitem>
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| 238 | <listitem><para>
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| 239 | Export to many vector graphic formats (PostScript, PDF, etc.)
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| 240 | </para></listitem>
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| 241 | </itemizedlist>
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| 242 | </para></listitem>
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| 243 | <listitem><para>
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| 244 | DAWN
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| 245 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 246 | <listitem><para>
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| 247 | Create a file to view in the DAWN Renderer
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| 248 | </para></listitem>
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| 249 | <listitem><para>
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| 250 | Requires DAWN, available for all Linux and Windows systems.
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| 251 | </para></listitem>
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| 252 | <listitem><para>
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| 253 | Rendered, photorealistic image
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| 254 | </para></listitem>
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| 255 | <listitem><para>
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| 256 | No interactive features
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| 257 | </para></listitem>
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| 258 | <listitem><para>
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| 259 | Highest quality technical rendering - output to vector PostScript
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| 260 | </para></listitem>
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| 261 | </itemizedlist>
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| 262 | </para></listitem>
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| 263 | <listitem><para>
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| 264 | VRML
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| 265 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 266 | <listitem><para>
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| 267 | Create a file to view in any VRML browser (some as web browser
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| 268 | plug-ins).
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| 269 | </para></listitem>
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| 270 | <listitem><para>
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| 271 | Requires VRML browser (many different choices for different
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| 272 | operating systems).
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| 273 | </para></listitem>
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| 274 | <listitem><para>
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| 275 | Rendered, photorealistic image with some interactive features
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| 276 | </para></listitem>
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| 277 | <listitem><para>
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| 278 | zoom, rotate, translate
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| 279 | </para></listitem>
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| 280 | <listitem><para>
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| 281 | Limited printing ability (pixel graphics, not vector graphics)
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| 282 | </para></listitem>
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| 283 | </itemizedlist>
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| 284 | </para></listitem>
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| 285 | <listitem><para>
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| 286 | RayTracer
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| 287 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 288 | <listitem><para>
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| 289 | Create a jpeg file
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| 290 | </para></listitem>
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| 291 | <listitem><para>
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| 292 | Forms image by using Geant4's own tracking
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| 293 | to follow photons through the detector
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| 294 | </para></listitem>
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| 295 | <listitem><para>
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| 296 | Can show geometry but not trajectories
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| 297 | </para></listitem>
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| 298 | <listitem><para>
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| 299 | Can render any geometry that Geant4 can handle (such as Boolean
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| 300 | solids)
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| 301 | </para></listitem>
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| 302 | <listitem><para>
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| 303 | Supports shadows, transparency and mirrored surfaces
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| 304 | </para></listitem>
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| 305 | </itemizedlist>
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| 306 | </para></listitem>
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| 307 | <listitem><para>
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| 308 | ASCIITree
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| 309 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 310 | <listitem><para>
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| 311 | Text dump of the geometry hierarchy
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| 312 | </para></listitem>
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| 313 | <listitem><para>
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| 314 | Not graphical
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| 315 | </para></listitem>
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| 316 | <listitem><para>
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| 317 | Control over level of detail to be dumped
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| 318 | </para></listitem>
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| 319 | <listitem><para>
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| 320 | Can calculate mass and volume of any hierarchy of volumes
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| 321 | </para></listitem>
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| 322 | </itemizedlist>
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| 323 | </para></listitem>
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| 324 | </itemizedlist>
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| 325 | </para>
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| 326 |
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| 327 | </sect2>
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| 328 |
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| 329 |
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| 330 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 331 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.ChoDrv">
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| 332 | <title>
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| 333 | Choose the Driver that Meets Your Needs
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| 334 | </title>
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| 335 |
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| 336 | <para>
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| 337 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 338 | <listitem><para>
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| 339 | If you want very responsive photorealistic graphics (and have
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| 340 | the OpenGL libraries installed)
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| 341 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 342 | <listitem><para>
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| 343 | OpenGL is a good solution (if you have the Motif extensions,
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| 344 | this also gives GUI control)
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| 345 | </para></listitem>
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| 346 | </itemizedlist>
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| 347 | </para></listitem>
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| 348 | <listitem><para>
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| 349 | If you want very responsive photorealistic graphics plus more
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| 350 | interactivity (and have the OpenInventor libraries installed)
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| 351 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 352 | <listitem><para>
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| 353 | OpenInventor is a good solution
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| 354 | </para></listitem>
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| 355 | </itemizedlist>
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| 356 | </para></listitem>
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| 357 | <listitem><para>
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| 358 | If you want GUI control, very responsive photorealistic graphics plus more
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| 359 | interactivity (and have the Qt libraries installed).
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| 360 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 361 | <listitem><para>
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| 362 | Qt is a good solution
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| 363 | </para></listitem>
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| 364 | </itemizedlist>
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| 365 | </para></listitem>
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| 366 | <listitem><para>
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| 367 | If you want GUI control, want to be able to pick on items to
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| 368 | inquire about them (identity, momentum, etc.), perhaps want to
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| 369 | render to vector formats, and a wireframe look will do
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| 370 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 371 | <listitem><para>
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| 372 | HepRep/WIRED will meet your needs
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| 373 | </para></listitem>
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| 374 | </itemizedlist>
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| 375 | </para></listitem>
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| 376 | <listitem><para>
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| 377 | If you want to render highest quality photorealistic images for
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| 378 | use in a poster or a technical design report, and you can live
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| 379 | without quick rotate and zoom
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| 380 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 381 | <listitem><para>
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| 382 | DAWN is the way to go
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| 383 | </para></listitem>
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| 384 | </itemizedlist>
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| 385 | </para></listitem>
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| 386 | <listitem><para>
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| 387 | If you want to render to a 3D format that others can view in a
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| 388 | variety of commodity browsers (including some web browser plug-ins)
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| 389 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 390 | <listitem><para>
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| 391 | VRML is the way to go
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| 392 | </para></listitem>
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| 393 | </itemizedlist>
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| 394 | </para></listitem>
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| 395 | </itemizedlist>
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| 396 |
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| 397 | <?soft-pagebreak ?>
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| 398 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 399 | <listitem><para>
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| 400 | If you want to visualize a geometry that the other
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| 401 | visualization drivers can't handle, or you need
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| 402 | transparency or mirrors, and you don't need to
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| 403 | visualize trajectories
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| 404 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 405 | <listitem><para>
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| 406 | RayTracer will do it
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| 407 | </para></listitem>
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| 408 | </itemizedlist>
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| 409 | </para></listitem>
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| 410 | <listitem><para>
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| 411 | If you just want to quickly check the geometry hierarchy, or if
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| 412 | you want to calculate the volume or mass of any geometry hierarchy
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| 413 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 414 | <listitem><para>
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| 415 | ASCIITree will meet your needs
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| 416 | </para></listitem>
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| 417 | </itemizedlist>
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| 418 | </para></listitem>
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| 419 | <listitem><para>
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| 420 | You can also add your own visualization driver.
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| 421 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 422 | <listitem><para>
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| 423 | Geant4's visualization system is modular. By
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| 424 | creating just three new classes, you can direct Geant4 information
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| 425 | to your own visualization system.
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| 426 | </para></listitem>
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| 427 | </itemizedlist>
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| 428 | </para></listitem>
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| 429 | </itemizedlist>
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| 430 | </para>
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| 431 |
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| 432 | </sect2>
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| 433 |
|
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| 434 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 435 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.CntVis">
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| 436 | <title>
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| 437 | Controlling Visualization
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| 438 | </title>
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| 439 |
|
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| 440 | <para>
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| 441 | Your Geant4 code stays basically the same no matter which driver
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| 442 | you use.
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| 443 | </para>
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| 444 |
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| 445 | <para>
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| 446 | Visualization is performed either with commands or from C++ code.
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| 447 |
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| 448 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 449 | <listitem><para>
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| 450 | Some visualization drivers work directly from Geant4
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| 451 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 452 | <listitem><para>
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| 453 | OpenGL
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| 454 | </para></listitem>
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| 455 | <listitem><para>
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| 456 | Qt
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| 457 | </para></listitem>
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| 458 | <listitem><para>
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| 459 | OpenInventor
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| 460 | </para></listitem>
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| 461 | <listitem><para>
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| 462 | RayTracer
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| 463 | </para></listitem>
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| 464 | <listitem><para>
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| 465 | ASCIITree
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| 466 | </para></listitem>
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| 467 | </itemizedlist>
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| 468 | </para></listitem>
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| 469 | <listitem><para>
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| 470 | For other visualization drivers, you first have Geant4 produce
|
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| 471 | a file, and then you have that file rendered by another application
|
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| 472 | (which may have GUI control)
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| 473 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 474 | <listitem><para>
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| 475 | HepRep/WIRED
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| 476 | </para></listitem>
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| 477 | <listitem><para>
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| 478 | DAWN
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| 479 | </para></listitem>
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| 480 | <listitem><para>
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| 481 | VRML
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| 482 | </para></listitem>
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| 483 | </itemizedlist>
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| 484 | </para></listitem>
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| 485 | </itemizedlist>
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| 486 | </para>
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| 487 |
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| 488 | </sect2>
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| 489 |
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| 490 |
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| 491 | <!-- ******************* Section (Level#2) ****************** -->
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| 492 | <sect2 id="sect.VisIntro.Details">
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| 493 | <title>
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| 494 | Visualization Details
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| 495 | </title>
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| 496 |
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| 497 | <para>
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| 498 | The following sections of this guide cover the details of Geant4
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| 499 | visualization:
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| 500 |
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| 501 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 502 | <listitem><para>
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| 503 | <xref linkend="sect.VisAddExe" />
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| 504 | Adding Visualization to Your Executable
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| 505 | </para></listitem>
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| 506 | <listitem><para>
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| 507 | <xref linkend="sect.VisDrv" />
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| 508 | The Visualization Drivers
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| 509 | </para></listitem>
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| 510 | <listitem><para>
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| 511 | <xref linkend="sect.VisCntCmmd" />
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| 512 | Controlling Visualization from Commands
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| 513 | </para></listitem>
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| 514 | <listitem><para>
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| 515 | <xref linkend="sect.VisCntCmpl" />
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| 516 | Controlling Visualization from Compiled Code
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| 517 | </para></listitem>
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| 518 | <listitem><para>
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| 519 | <xref linkend="sect.VisAtt" />
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| 520 | Visualization Attributes
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| 521 | </para></listitem>
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| 522 | <listitem><para>
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|---|
| 523 | <xref linkend="sect.VisEnhTrj" />
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| 524 | Enhanced Trajectory Drawing
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| 525 | </para></listitem>
|
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| 526 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 527 | <xref linkend="sect.VisPlylMrkTxt" />
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| 528 | Polylines, Markers and Text
|
|---|
| 529 | </para></listitem>
|
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| 530 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 531 | </para>
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| 532 |
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| 533 | <para>
|
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| 534 | Other useful references for Geant4 visualization outside of this
|
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| 535 | user guide:
|
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| 536 |
|
|---|
| 537 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
|---|
| 538 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 539 | Introduction to Geant4 Visualization (
|
|---|
| 540 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisTutorial.pdf">
|
|---|
| 541 | pdf</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 542 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisTutorial.ppt">
|
|---|
| 543 | ppt</ulink> )
|
|---|
| 544 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 545 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 546 | Status of Geant4 Visualization (giving current status and a
|
|---|
| 547 | summary of what has been improved over the last few releases) (
|
|---|
| 548 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisStatus.pdf">
|
|---|
| 549 | pdf</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 550 | <ulink url="http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4VisStatus.ppt">
|
|---|
| 551 | ppt</ulink> )
|
|---|
| 552 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 553 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 554 | Macro files distributed in Geant4 source in
|
|---|
| 555 | <literal>examples/novice/N03/visTutor/</literal>.
|
|---|
| 556 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 557 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 558 | </para>
|
|---|
| 559 |
|
|---|
| 560 |
|
|---|
| 561 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 562 | </sect1> |
|---|
