| 1 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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| 2 | <html>
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| 3 | <head>
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| 4 | <title>2.8 How to specify a user interface</title>
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| 5 |
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| 6 | <style>
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| 7 | v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
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| 8 | o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
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| 9 | w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
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| 10 | .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
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| 11 | </style> <!-- Changed by: Katsuya Amako, 16-Nov-1998 --> <!-- Proof read by: Joe Chuma, 9-Jun-1999 -->
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| 12 | <!-- Changed by: Hajime Yoshida 15-Nov-2001 --> <!-- Changed by: Dennis Wright, 29-Nov-2001 -->
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| 13 | <!-- Changed by: Hajime Yoshida 15-Jun-2002 -->
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| 14 | </head>
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| 15 | <body>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <table width="100%">
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| 18 | <tbody>
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| 19 | <tr>
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| 20 | <td> <a href="../../../../Overview/html/index.html"> <img src="../../../../resources/html/IconsGIF/Overview.gif" alt="Overview">
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| 21 | </a> <a href="index.html"> <img src="../../../../resources/html/IconsGIF/Contents.gif" alt="Contents">
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| 22 | </a> <a href="makeFile.html"> <img src="../../../../resources/html/IconsGIF/Previous.gif" alt="Previous">
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| 23 | </a> <a href="executeProgram.html"> <img src="../../../../resources/html/IconsGIF/Next.gif" alt="Next">
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| 24 | </a> </td>
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| 25 | <td align="Right"> <font size="-1" color="#238e23"> <b>Geant4 User's Guide</b>
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| 26 | <br>
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| 27 | <b>For Application Developers</b> <br>
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| 28 | <b>Getting Started with Geant4</b> </font> </td>
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| 29 | </tr>
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| 30 | </tbody>
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| 31 | </table>
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| 32 | <br>
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| 33 | <br>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <p align="Center"> <font size="+3" color="#238e23"> <b> 2.8 How to Set Up
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| 36 | an Interactive Session </b> </font> <br>
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| 37 | <br>
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| 38 | </p>
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| 39 | <hr align="Center" size="7">
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| 40 | <p> <a name="2.8.1">
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| 41 | <h2>2.8.1 Introduction</h2>
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| 42 | </a> </p>
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| 43 | <p> <b>Roles of the "intercoms" category</b> </p>
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| 44 | <div class="MsoNormal"> The "intercoms" category provides an expandable
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| 45 | command interpreter. It is the key mechanism of Geant4 to realize user interactions
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| 46 | of all categories without being annoyed by the dependencies among categories.
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| 47 | The direct use of Geant4 classes in a C++ program offers a first ground level
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| 48 | of interactivity, i.e., the batch session. As seen in the examples/novice/N01,
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| 49 | Geant4 commands and macros are to be hard-coded in the program.</div>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <p> <b>User Interfaces to steer the simulation</b> </p>
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| 52 | <div class="MsoNormal"> To avoid too much programming, the "intercoms"
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| 53 | category provides the abstract class <i>G4UIsession </i>that captures interactive
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| 54 | commands . The concrete implementation of the user interface and Graphical
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| 55 | User Interfaces (GUI) is left to the interfaces category. This interfacing
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| 56 | strategy opens an important door towards various user interface tools and
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| 57 | allows Geant4 to utilize the state-of-the-art GUI tools such as Motif and
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| 58 | Java, etc..The richness of the collaboration has permitted for different groups
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| 59 | to offer various user interfaces to the Geant4 command system. Currently available
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| 60 | are the following;
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| 61 | <ol>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | <li> Character terminal (dumb terminal and tcsh(bash)-like terminal), the
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| 64 | default user interface of Geant4,</li>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | <li> Xm, Xaw, Qt, Win32, variations of the upper terminal by using a Motif,
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| 67 | Athena, Qt or Windows widget to retrieve commands, and</li>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <li> GAG, a fully Graphical User Interface and its extension GainServer
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| 70 | of the client/server type.</li>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | </ol>
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| 73 | </div>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <div class="MsoNormal">Full implementation of the character terminals (1 and
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| 76 | 2) is included in the standard Geant4 distribution in the <tt>source/interfaces/basic</tt>
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| 77 | directory. As for GAG with rich GUI functionalities,
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| 78 | its front-end classes are included in the Geant4 distribution in the source/interfaces/GAG
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| 79 | directory. The corresponding GUI package is available either from the author's
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| 80 | Web pages (see URL below) or in the distributed package under the <tt>environments/MOMO</tt>
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| 81 | directory.</div>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-padding-alt:
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| 84 | 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm">
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| 85 | <caption> </caption> <tbody>
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| 86 | <tr>
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| 87 | <td valign="Top" style="padding-top: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; ">
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| 88 |
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| 89 | <div class="MsoNormal"><tt>
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| 90 | GAG, GainServer's client GUI Gain </tt></div>
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| 91 | </td>
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| 92 | <td style="padding-top: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; ">
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://erpc1.naruto-u.ac.jp/%7Egeant4">
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| 95 | http://erpc1.naruto-u.ac.jp/~geant4</a></div>
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| 96 | </td>
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| 97 | </tr>
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| 98 |
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| 99 | </tbody>
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| 100 | </table>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; ">
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| 103 | <center>
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| 104 | <hr size="2" width="100%" align="Center"></center>
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| 105 | </div>
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| 106 | <a name="2.8.2">
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| 107 | <h2>2.8.2 A Short Description of Available Interface Classes</h2>
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| 108 | </a>
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| 109 | <p> </p>
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| 110 | <h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; "> 1. <i>G4U<b>I</b>terminal</i>
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| 111 | and <i>G4UItcsh </i>classes</h3>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; "> These
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| 114 | interfaces open a session on the character terminal. <i>G4UIterminal</i> runs
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| 115 | on all platform supported by Geant4, including <i>cygwin</i> on Windows, while
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| 116 | <i>G4UItcsh</i> runs on Solaris and Linux. G4UItcsh supports user-friendly
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| 117 | key bindings a-la-tcsh (or bash);</div>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 120 | ^A move cursor to the top</div>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 123 | ^B backward cursor ([LEFT]
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| 124 | cursor)</div>
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| 125 |
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| 126 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 127 | ^D delete/exit/show matched list</div>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 130 | ^E move cursor to the end</div>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 133 | ^F forward
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| 134 | cursor ([RIGHT] cursor)</div>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 137 | ^K clear after the cursor</div>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 140 | ^N next command ([DOWN] cursor)</div>
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| 141 |
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| 142 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 143 | ^P previous command
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| 144 | ([UP] cursor)</div>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 3pt; ">
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| 147 | TAB command completion</div>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <div class="MsoNormal">
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| 150 | DEL
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| 151 | backspace</div>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <div class="MsoNormal">
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| 154 | BS
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| 155 | backspace</div>
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| 156 |
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| 157 | <div class="MsoNormal"> In addition, the following string substitutions
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| 158 | are supported;</div>
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| 159 |
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| 160 | <div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; ">
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| 161 | %s current application status</div>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <div class="MsoNormal">
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| 164 | %/ current working directory</div>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <div class="MsoNormal">
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| 167 | %h history number</div>
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| 168 |
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| 169 | <h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; "> <b>2. <i>G4UIXm</i>,
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| 170 | <i>G4UIXaw</i>, <i>G4UIQt</i> and <i>G4UIWin32</i> classes</b></h3>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; "> These interfaces
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| 173 | are versions of <i>G4UIterminal</i> implemented over libraries Motif, Athena
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| 174 | and WIN32 respectively. <i>G4UIXm</i> uses the Motif XmCommand widget, <i>
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| 175 | G4UIXaw</i> the Athena dialog widget, <i>G4UIQt</i> the Qt toolkit and <i>G4UIWin32</i> the Windows "edit"
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| 176 | component to do the command capturing. These interfaces are useful if working
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| 177 | in conjunction with visualization drivers that use the Xt library or the
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| 178 | WIN32 one.</div>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; "> A command box is
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| 181 | at disposal for entering or recalling Geant4 commands. Command completion
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| 182 | by typing &ldquo;TAB&rdquo; key is available on the command line.
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| 183 | The shellcommands "exit, cont, help, ls, cd..." are also supported.
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| 184 | A menu bar could be customized through the <i>AddMenu</i> and <i>AddButton</i>
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| 185 | method.</div>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; "> Ex:</div>
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| 188 |
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| 189 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; ">
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| 190 | /gui/addMenu test Test</div>
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| 191 |
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| 192 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; ">
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| 193 | /gui/addButton test Init /run/initialize</div>
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| 194 |
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| 195 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; ">
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| 196 | /gui/addButton test "Set gun"
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| 197 | "/control/execute gun.g4m"</div>
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| 198 |
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| 199 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; ">
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| 200 | /gui/addButton test "Run one
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| 201 | event" "/run/beamOn 1"</div>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; "><i> G4UIXm </i>runs
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| 204 | on Unix/Linux with Motif. <i>G4UIXaw</i>, less user friendly, runs on Unix
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| 205 | with Athena widgets. <i>G4UIQt</i> run everywhere and <i>G4UIWin32</i> runs on Windows.</div>
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| 206 |
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| 207 | <h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; "> <b>3. <i>G4UIGAG</i>
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| 208 | and G4UIGainServer classes</b></h3>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; ">They are the front-end
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| 211 | classes of Geant4 which interface with their respective<br>
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| 212 | graphical user interfaces, GAG (Geant4 Adaptive GUI) and Gain (Geant4 adaptive<br>
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| 213 | interface for network). While GAG must run on the same system (Windows or
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| 214 | Unixen) as a Geant4 application, Gain can run on a remote system (Windows,
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| 215 | Linux, etc.) to which JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is installed. A Geant4 application
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| 216 | is invoked on a Unix (Linux) system and behaves as a network server. It opens
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| 217 | a port, waiting the connection from the Gain. Gain is capable to connect
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| 218 | to multiple Geant4 "servers" on Unixen systems at different institutes.<br>
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| 219 | <br>
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| 220 | Client GUI, GAG and Gain have almost similar look-and-feel. So, GAG's functionalities
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| 221 | are briefly introduced here. Please refer to the above URL for details and
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| 222 | to download the client GUIs.<br>
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| 223 | <br>
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| 224 | GAG is a Graphical User Interface tool with which user can set
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| 225 | parameters and execute commands. It is adaptive, since GAG reflects the internal
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| 226 | states of Geant4 that is a state machine. GAG is based on the server-client
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| 227 | model; GAG is the server, while Geant4 executables are clients. Hence, GAG
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| 228 | does nothing by itself and it must invoke an executable simulation program.
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| 229 | Geant4's front-end class <i>G4UIGAG </i>must be instantiated to communicate
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| 230 | with GAG. This runs on Linux and Windows 2000.</div>
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| 231 |
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| 232 | <div style="margin-left: 36pt; "> GAG is written in Java and its Jar
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| 233 | (Java Archive) file is available from the above URL. See the same pages to
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| 234 | know how to install and run Java programs.</div>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | <p><br>
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| 237 | GAG has following functions. </p>
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| 238 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt; ">
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| 239 | <ul>
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| 240 | <li> GAG Menu: <b> </b>The menus are to choose and
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| 241 | run a GEANT4 executable file, to kill or exit a GEANT4 process
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| 242 | and to exit GAG. Upon the normal exit or an unexpected death of the Geant4
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| 243 | process, GAG window are automatically reset to accept another GEANT4 executable.</li>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <li> GEANT4 Command tree: <b> </b>Upon the
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| 246 | establishment of the pipe with the GEANT4 process, GAG displays the command
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| 247 | menu tree whose look and feel is quite similar to Windows' file browser.
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| 248 | Disabled commands are shown opaque. GAG doesn&rsquo;t display commands
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| 249 | that are just below the root of the command hierarchy. Direct type-in field
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| 250 | is available for such input. Guidance of command categories and commands are
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| 251 | displayed upon focusing . GAG has a command history function. User
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| 252 | can re-execute a command with old parameters, edit the history, or save the
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| 253 | history to create a macro file.</li>
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| 254 |
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| 255 | <li> Command Parameter panel:<b> </b>GAG's parameter panel is the user-friendliest
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| 256 | part. It displays parameter name, its guidance, its type(s) (integer, double,
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| 257 | Boolean or string), omittable, default value(s), expression(s) of its range
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| 258 | and candidate list(s) (for example, of units). Range check is done by
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| 259 | intercoms and the error message from it is shown in the pop-up dialog box.
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| 260 | When a parameter component has a candidate list, a list box is automatically
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| 261 | displayed . When a file is requested by a command, the file chooser is available.</li>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <li> Logging:<b> </b>Log can be redirected to the terminal (xterm or cygwin
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| 264 | window) from which GAG is invoked. It can be interrupted as will, in the middle
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| 265 | of long session of execution. Log can be saved to a file independent of the
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| 266 | above redirection . GAG displays warning or error messages from GEANT4 in
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| 267 | a pop-up warning widget.</li>
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| 268 |
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| 269 | </ul>
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| 270 | </div>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; ">
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| 273 | <center>
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| 274 | <hr size="2" width="100%" align="Center"></center>
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| 275 | </div>
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| 276 | <a name="2.8.3">
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| 277 | <h2>2.8.3 Building the Interface Libraries</h2>
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| 278 | </a>
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| 279 | <p> The libraries that don't depend on external packages are made
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| 280 | by default. They include <i>G4UIterminal</i>, <i>G4UItcsh</i> and <i>G4UIGAG</i>
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| 281 | in libraries <i>libG4UIbasic.a/so </i>and <i>libG4UIGAG.a/so</i>. <i>
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| 282 | G4UIGainServer.o</i> is packed in the <i>libG4UIGAG</i>.<br>
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| 283 | To make the libraries of <i>G4UIXm</i>, <i>G4UIXaw</i>, <i>G4UIQt</i> and <i>G4UIWin32</i>
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| 284 | , respective environment variables <b>G4UI_BUILD_XM_SESSION</b> , <b>G4UI_BUILD_XAW_SESSION</b>, <b>G4UI_BUILD_QT_SESSION</b> or <b>G4UI_BUILD_WIN32_SESSION</b> must be set explicitly. </p>
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| 285 | <p> However, if the environment variable <b>G4UI_NONE</b> is set, no
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| 286 | interface libraries are built at all. </p>
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| 287 | <p> Build scheme of the user interface libraries is specified
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| 288 | in "$G4INSTALL/config/G4UI_BUILD.gmk" makefile and the dependencies on the
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| 289 | external packages are specified in "$G4INSTALL/config/interactivity.gmk".
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| 290 | </p>
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| 291 | <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; ">
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| 292 | <center>
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| 293 | <hr size="2" width="100%" align="Center"></center>
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| 294 | </div>
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| 295 | <a name="2.8.4">
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| 296 | <h2>2.8.4 How to Use the Interface</h2>
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| 297 | </a>
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| 298 | <p> </p>
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| 299 | <div class="MsoNormal"> To use a given interface (<tt>G4UIxxx</tt> where
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| 300 | <tt>xxx = terminal,Xm, Xaw, Qt, Win32, GAG, GainServer</tt>) in a user's program,
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| 301 | he has the following lines in his main program;</div>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <ul type="Disc">
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| 304 |
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| 305 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 306 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 307 | // to include the class definition in his main program:</li>
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| 308 |
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| 309 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 310 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 311 | #include
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| 312 | "G4Uixxx.hh"</li>
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| 313 |
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| 314 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 315 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 316 | // to instantiate a session of his choice and start the session</li>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 319 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 320 | G4UIsession*
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| 321 | session = new G4UIxxx;</li>
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| 322 |
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| 323 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 324 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 325 | session->SessionStart();</li>
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| 326 |
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| 327 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 328 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 329 | / /the line next to the "SessionStart" is usually to finish the session</li>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 332 | mso-list:l0 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 333 | delete
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| 334 | session;</li>
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| 335 |
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| 336 | </ul>
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| 337 |
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| 338 | <div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; "> For a tcsh session,
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| 339 | the second line must be :</div>
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| 340 | G4UIsession*
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| 341 | session = new G4UIterminal(new G4UItcsh);
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| 342 | <p style="tab-stops:list 36.0pt">See the examples in "examples/novice/N0x"
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| 343 | in which the terminal session is used. </p>
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| 344 | <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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| 345 | tab-stops:list 36.0pt">
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| 346 | Again, environment variable selects a given interface. But for your convenience,
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| 347 | some of them are set defaults. </p>
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| 348 | <ul>
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| 349 |
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| 350 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">
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| 351 | <i>G4UIterminal</i>, <i>G4UItcsh</i>, <i>G4UIGAG </i>and <i>G4UIGainServer</i>
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| 352 | can be used without any environment variables. Sessions not needing external
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| 353 | packages or libraries are always built (see "G4UI_BUILD.gmk") and linked,
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| 354 | so the user can instantiate one of these sessions without rebuilding the
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| 355 | libraries and without setting any environment variables. For backwards compatibility
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| 356 | with user code, as typified by geant4/examples main programs, the C-pre-processor
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| 357 | variables corresponding to the original environment variables for the above
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| 358 | three (i.e., <b>G4UI_USE_TERMINAL</b>, <b>G4UI_USE_TCSH</b> and <b>G4UI_USE_GAG</b>
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| 359 | ) are set. However, if he/she sets no environment variables, then the C-pre-processor
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| 360 | variable <b>G4UI_USE_TERMINAL</b> is set by default, although there is no
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| 361 | need to use it.</li>
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| 362 |
|
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| 363 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">
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| 364 | The environment variable <b>G4UI_USE_XM</b>, <b>G4UI_USE_XAW</b>, <b>G4UI_USE_QT</b> or <b>G4UI_USE_WIN32</b>
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| 365 | must be set to use the respective interface. The file
|
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| 366 | "$G4INSTALL/config/interactivity.gmk" resolves their dependencies on external
|
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| 367 | packages.</li>
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| 368 |
|
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| 369 | <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">
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| 370 | If the environment variable <b>G4UI_NONE</b> is set, no externa ibraries
|
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| 371 | are selected. Also, for your convenience, if any <b>G4UI_USE_XXX</b> environment
|
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| 372 | variable is set, then the corresponding C-pre-processor flag is also set.
|
|---|
| 373 | However, if the environment variable <b>G4UI_NONE</b> is set, no C-pre-processor
|
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| 374 | flags are set.</li>
|
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| 375 |
|
|---|
| 376 | </ul>
|
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| 377 | <a href="../../../../Authors/html/subjectsToAuthors.html"> <i>About the
|
|---|
| 378 | authors</i></a>
|
|---|
| 379 | </body>
|
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| 380 | </html>
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