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| 1 | \chapter{Introduction}
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| 3 | Geant4 exploits advanced software engineering techniques based on the
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| 4 | Booch/UML Object Oriented Methodology and follows the evolution of the
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| 5 | ESA Software Engineering Standards for the development process. The
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| 6 | "spiral", or iterative, approach has been adopted. User requirements
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| 7 | were collected in the initial phase and problem domain decomposition,
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| 8 | object-oriented methods, and CASE tools were used for analysis and design.
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| 9 | This produced a clear hierarchical structure of sub-domains linked by a
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| 10 | uni-directional flow of dependencies. This led to a software product
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| 11 | which is modular and flexible (a toolkit) and in which the physics
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| 12 | implementation is transparent and open to user validation of physics
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| 13 | predictions. It allows the user to understand, customize and extend the
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| 14 | toolkit in all domains. At the same time the modular architecture allows
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| 15 | the user to load only needed components.
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| 16 |
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