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1 | \section{Introduction.} |
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2 | |
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3 | \hspace{1.0em} At the end of the pre-equilibrium stage, or a |
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4 | thermalizing process, the residual nucleus is supposed to be left in |
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5 | an equilibrium state, in which the excitation energy $E^*$ is shared |
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6 | by a large number of nucleons. Such an equilibrated compound nucleus |
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7 | is characterized by its mass, charge and excitation energy with no |
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8 | further memory of the steps which led to its formation. If the |
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9 | excitation energy is higher than the separation energy, it can still |
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10 | eject nucleons and light fragments (d, t, $^3$He, $\alpha$). These |
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11 | constitute the low energy and most abundant part of the emitted |
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12 | particles in the rest system of the residual nucleus. The emission of |
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13 | particles by an excited compound nucleus has been successfully described |
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14 | by comparing the nucleus with the evaporation of molecules from a fluid |
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15 | \cite{evap.Frenkel36}. The first statistical theory of compound nuclear |
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16 | decay is due to Weisskopf and Ewing\cite{evap.Weisskopf40}. |
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