source: trunk/examples/advanced/microbeam/microbeam.htm @ 1282

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33  <o:LastAuthor>Sébastien Incerti</o:LastAuthor>
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169
170<div class=Section1>
171
172<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span lang=EN-GB
173style='font-size:20.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#00CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Geant4
174<span class=SpellE>Microbeam</span> Advanced Example<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
175
176<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph'><span
177lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
178
179<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph'><span
180lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
181
182<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span lang=EN-GB
183style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Interface
184Physics Biology group<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
185
186<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=GramE><span
187style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99'>( <b>S</b></span></span><b><span
188style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99'>. Incerti</span></b><span
189style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99'>*, O. <span class=SpellE>Boissonnade</span>,
190C. <span class=SpellE>Habchi</span>, <span class=SpellE>Ph</span>. <span
191class=SpellE>Moretto</span>, D. T. <span class=SpellE>Nguyen</span>, T. <span
192class=SpellE>Pouthier</span>, H. <span class=SpellE>Seznec</span>, Q. Zhang )<o:p></o:p></span></p>
193
194<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
195none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
196
197<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
198none;text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99'>Centre
199d’Etudes Nucléaires de <span class=SpellE>Bordeaux-Gradignan</span> (CENBG)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
200
201<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
202none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
203color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>IN2P3 / CNRS / </span></b><st1:City><st1:place><b><span
204  lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Bordeaux</span></b></st1:place></st1:City><b><span
205lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> 1
206University<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
207
208<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
209none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
210color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>33175 <span class=SpellE>Gradignan</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
211
212<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
213none;text-autospace:none'><st1:country-region><st1:place><b><span lang=EN-GB
214  style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>France</span></b></st1:place></st1:country-region><b><span
215lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
216
217<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
218none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;
219mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
220
221<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
222none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCC99;
223mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>* <span class=GramE>corresponding</span> author e-mail
224: </span><span style='font-family:Arial;color:aqua'><a
225href="mailto:incerti@cenbg.in2p3.fr"><span lang=EN-GB style='color:aqua;
226mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>incerti@cenbg.in2p3.fr</span></a></span><span
227style='font-family:Arial;color:aqua;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <span lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
228
229<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
230mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
231style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
232
233<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
234mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
235style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
236style='mso-spacerun:yes'>                                                                     
237</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
238
239<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
240mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
241style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
242
243<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
244mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
245style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
246
247<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
248mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
249style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <span
250class=SpellE>microbeam</span> example simulates the <span class=SpellE>microbeam</span>
251cellular irradiation beam line installed on the AIFIRA electrostatic
252accelerator facility located at CENBG, </span><st1:place><st1:City><span
253  lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Bordeaux-<span
254  class=SpellE>Gradignan</span></span></st1:City><span lang=EN-GB
255 style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><st1:country-region><span
256  lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>France</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span
257lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. This
258setup is mainly used to investigate the effects of low dose irradiation on
259living cells. The <span class=SpellE>microbeam</span> line allows </span><b><span
260lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>irradiation
261of</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
262EN-GB'> </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;
263mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>individual biological living cells</span></b><span
264lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> in
265culture medium in single ion mode, with an </span><b><span lang=EN-GB
266style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>exact control of
267the delivered dose to a particular cell</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
268style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> among the cell
269population. This Geant4 example simulates the <span class=SpellE>microbeam</span>
270line in a configuration of irradiation with 3 MeV incident alpha particles and
271allows the calculation of the dose deposited by the incident particles in the
272cell cytoplasm and in the cell nucleus, which are inaccessible by experimental
273measurements. For the first time in </span><st1:place><span lang=EN-GB
274 style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Monte Carlo</span></st1:place><span
275lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <span
276class=SpellE>microdosimetry</span>, the simulation includes a realistic cell
277phantom obtained from <span class=SpellE>confocal</span> microscopy. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
278
279<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
280mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
281style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
282
283<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
284mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
285style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>For more
286information on this irradiation facility, please <span class=GramE>visit :</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
287
288<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
289mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
290style='font-family:Arial;color:aqua;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
291
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293mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
294style='font-family:Arial;color:aqua;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
295href="http://www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/"><span style='color:aqua;text-decoration:none;
296text-underline:none'>http://www.cenbg.in2p3.fr</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
297
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305
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347of the CENBG five AIFIRA beam <span class=GramE>lines&nbsp;:</span> <br>
348the <span class=SpellE>microbeam</span> line is located at 10° from the main
349exit of the switching magnet (© CENBG)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
350
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362 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image003.png" o:title=""/>
363</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=366 height=558
364src="microbeam_fichiers/image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></p>
365
366<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
367mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
368
369<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
370mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
371style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>View of the
372CENBG <span class=SpellE>microbeam</span> line (© CENBG)</span><span
373lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
374
375<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
376tab-stops:right 16.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
377lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
378
379<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
380tab-stops:right 16.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
381lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
382
383<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
384mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
385style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>SIMULATED SETUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
386
387<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
388tab-stops:right 16.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
389lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
390
391<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
392tab-stops:right 16.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
393lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The beam
394is emitted just before the 10° switching magnet taking into account
395experimental beam parameters <span class=GramE>measurements ;</span> the main
396elements simulated are :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
397
398<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
399mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
400style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
401
402<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
403mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
404style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>1. A </span><b><span
405lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>switching
406dipole magnet</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
407mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> with fringing field, to deflect by 10° the 3 MeV
408alpha beam generated by the electrostatic accelerator into the <span
409class=SpellE>microbeam</span> line, oriented at 10 degrees from the main beam
410direction;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
411
412<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
413mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
414style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
415
416<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
417mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
418style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2. A </span><b><span
419lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>circular
420object collimator</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
421color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, defining the incident beam size at the <span
422class=SpellE>microbeam</span> line entrance; the collimator has been simulated
423from realistic electron microscopy images;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
424
425<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
426mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
427style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
428
429<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
430none;text-autospace:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
431 style='width:182.25pt;height:200.25pt;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
432 mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
433 mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:allowoverlap="f">
434 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image015.emz" o:title=""/>
435</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=243 height=267
436src="microbeam_fichiers/image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></p>
437
438<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
439none;text-autospace:none'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
440
441<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
442none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
443mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Collimator geometry implemented in Geant4 as embedded
444cones </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
445EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
446
447<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
448mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
449style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
450
451<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
452mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
453style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
454
455<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
456mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
457style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>3. A </span><b><span
458lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>quadrupole
459based magnetic symmetric focusing system</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
460style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> allowing equal
461transverse demagnifications of 10. Fringe fields are calculated from Enge’s
462model.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
463
464<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
465mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
466style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
467
468<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
469none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
470mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
471 style='width:457.5pt;height:235.5pt'>
472 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image007.jpg" o:title="beam" cropleft="1038f"
473  chromakey="white" gain="45875f" blacklevel=".5" grayscale="t" bilevel="t"/>
474</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=610 height=314
475src="microbeam_fichiers/image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
476
477<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
478mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
479style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
480
481<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
482mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
483style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Geant4 fine
484ray-tracing of beam profile inside the focusing quadruplet in both horizontal
485and transverse planes, showing the beam focus point.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
486
487<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
488mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
489style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
490
491<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
492mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
493style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
494
495<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
496mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
497style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>4. A dedicated </span><b><span
498lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>cellular
499irradiation chamber setup</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
500color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, taking into account all the elements
501encountered by the incident beam (diaphragm, gas detector, <span class=SpellE>isobutane</span>,
502beam extraction window, air, culture foil, culture medium, cell dish…) ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
503
504<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
505mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
506style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
507
508<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
509mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
510style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>5. A set of
511horizontal and vertical </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
512color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>electrostatic deflecting plates</span></b><span
513lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> which
514can be turned on or off to deflect the beam on target; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
515
516<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
517mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
518style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
519
520<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
521mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
522style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>6. A </span><b><span
523lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>realistic
524human <span class=SpellE>keratinocyte</span> <span class=SpellE>voxellized</span>
525cell</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
526mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> observed from confocal microscopy and taking into
527account realistic nucleus and cytoplasm chemical compositions. The phantom uses
528the G4PVParameterised class.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
529
530<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
531none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
532
533<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
534none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
535
536<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
537mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
538 id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:195.75pt;height:267.75pt'>
539 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image009.jpg" o:title="24h" croptop="10627f"
540  cropbottom="7872f" cropleft="14295f" cropright="12755f"/>
541</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=261 height=357
542src="microbeam_fichiers/image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029"><![endif]><span
543lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
544
545<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
546mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
547style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
548
549<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
550mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=SpellE><span
551lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Confocal</span></span><span
552lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
553microscopy image of a HaCat cell showing the cytoplasm (red) and the nucleus
554(purple) <br>
555© CENBG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
556
557<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
558none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
559
560<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
561none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
562style='mso-tab-count:2'>                        </span></span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
563 id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:323.25pt;height:321.75pt'>
564 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image011.png" o:title=""/>
565</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=431 height=429
566src="microbeam_fichiers/image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"><![endif]><span
567lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
568
569<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
570mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
571style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
572
573<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
574mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><span
575lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Corresponding
576Geant4 phantom showing four incident alpha particles penetrating the cell.</span></span><span
577lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <br>
578The phantom is made of voxels with a size of 489 nm (X) x 489 nm (Y) x 163 nm
579(Z). <br>
580Approximately 4x10<sup>4</sup> <span class=SpellE>voxels</span> are shown.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
581
582<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
583mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
584style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
585
586<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
587mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
588style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
589
590<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
591mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
592style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
593
594<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
595mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
596style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
597
598<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
599mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
600style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>PHYSICS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
601
602<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
603mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
604style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
605
606<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
607mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
608style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Low energy
609electromagnetic</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
610mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> processes (for alphas, electrons, photons) and </span><span
611class=SpellE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;
612mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>hadronic</span></b></span><b><span lang=EN-GB
613style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> elastic and
614inelastic scattering</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
615color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> for alphas are activated by default. Low
616energy electromagnetic electronic and nuclear stopping <span class=GramE>power
617are</span> computed from ICRU tables.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
618
619<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
620mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
621style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
622style='mso-tab-count:1'>            </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
623
624<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
625mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
626style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
627
628<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
629mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
630style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>CODE DESIGN<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
631
632<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
633mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
634style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
635
636<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
637mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
638style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <span
639class=SpellE>Microbeam</span> code design obtained from the Rational Rose
640software is shown below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
641
642<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
643mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
644style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
645
646<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
647none;text-autospace:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
648 style='width:644.25pt;height:485.25pt;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;
649 mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:allowoverlap="f">
650 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image016.emz" o:title=""/>
651</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=859 height=647
652src="microbeam_fichiers/image014.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031"><![endif]><span
653lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
654
655<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
656none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
657
658<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
659none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:
660Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Rational Rose class diagram of the
661<span class=SpellE>Microbeam</span> example.</span></span><span lang=EN-GB
662style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
663
664<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
665none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
666mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Manager classes are filled with red and <span
667class=SpellE>Microbeam</span> classes are filled with sky blue.</span><b><span
668lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
669
670<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
671mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
672style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
673
674<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
675mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
676style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
677
678<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
679mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
680style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>SUGGESTED
681PAPERS ABOUT THIS SIMULATION AND ITS VALIDATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
682
683<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
684mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
685style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
686
687<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
688mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
689style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
690style='mso-tab-count:1'>            </span>These papers can be accessed online
691at the SLAC-SPIRES online database by clicking </span></b><b><span lang=EN-GB
692style='font-family:Arial;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
693href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?rawcmd=find+a+incerti&amp;FORMAT=WWW&amp;SEQUENCE="><span
694style='color:red'>here</span></a></span></b><b><span lang=EN-GB
695style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
696
697<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
698mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
699style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
700
701<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><span lang=EN-GB
702style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span
703lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <b
704style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='text-transform:uppercase'>Monte
705Carlo microdosimetry for targeted irradiation of individual cells using a
706microbeam facility</span></b></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
707color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
708
709<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><span lang=EN-GB
710style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>By </span><st1:place><span
711 lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>S.
712 Incerti</span></st1:place><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
713color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, T. <span class=SpellE>Pouthier</span>,
714H. <span class=SpellE>Seznec</span>, Ph. </span><span lang=IT style='font-family:
715Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:IT'>Moretto, O. Boissonnade, T. M.&nbsp;H.
716Ha, F. Andersson, Ph. </span><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB
717style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Barberet</span></span><span
718lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, C. <span
719class=SpellE>Habchi</span> and D. T. Nguyen <o:p></o:p></span></p>
720
721<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><strong><span lang=EN-GB
722style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;font-weight:normal;
723mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>In preparation</span></strong><strong><span
724lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9900;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
725(2007)</span></strong><strong><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
726
727<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
728color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
729
730<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><span lang=EN-GB
731style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span
732lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <b><span
733style='text-transform:uppercase'>Monte Carlo simulation of the CENBG microbeam
734and nanobeam lines with the Geant4 toolkit</span></b></span><span lang=EN-GB
735style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&nbsp;<br>
736By <span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>S</span>. <span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
737bold'>Incerti</span>, Q. Zhang, F. <span class=SpellE>Andersson</span>, Ph. <span
738class=SpellE>Moretto</span>, G.W. Grime, M.J. Merchant, D.T. Nguyen, C. <span
739class=SpellE>Habchi</span>, T. <span class=SpellE>Pouthier</span> and H. <span
740class=SpellE>Seznec</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
741EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
742
743<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
744inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
745lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>In
746press in </span><span class=SpellE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
747color:#FF9933;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B</span></b></span><b><span
748lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9933;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>,
7492007<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
750
751<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
752inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
753lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
754
755<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
756text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
757mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:
758Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <b><span style='text-transform:
759uppercase'>A Comparison of cellular irradiation techniques with alpha particles
760using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit</span></b></span><span
761lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><br>
762By </span><span style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
763href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Incerti%2C%20S%2E%22"><span
764lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
765text-underline:none'>S. Incerti</span></a></span><span lang=EN-GB
766style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
767style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
768href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Gault%2C%20N%2E%22"><span
769lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
770text-underline:none'>N. <span class=SpellE>Gault</span></span></a></span><span
771lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
772style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
773href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Habchi%2C%20C%2E%22"><span
774lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
775text-underline:none'>C. <span class=SpellE>Habchi</span></span></a></span><span
776lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
777style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
778href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Lefaix%2C%20J%2EL%2E%2E%22"><span
779lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
780text-underline:none'>J.L.. <span class=SpellE>Lefaix</span></span></a></span><span
781lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
782style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
783href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Moretto%2C%20Ph%2E%22"><span
784lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
785text-underline:none'>Ph. <span class=SpellE>Moretto</span></span></a></span><span
786lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
787style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
788href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Poncy%2C%20J%2EL%2E%2E%22"><span
789class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;
790text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>J.L..</span></span><span lang=EN-GB
791style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
792none'> <span class=SpellE>Poncy</span></span></a></span><span lang=EN-GB
793style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
794style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
795href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Pouthier%2C%20T%2E%22"><span
796lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
797text-underline:none'>T. <span class=SpellE>Pouthier</span></span></a></span><span
798lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
799style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
800href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Seznec%2C%20H%2E%22"><span
801lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
802text-underline:none'>H. <span class=SpellE>Seznec</span></span></a></span><span
803lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. Dec
8042006. 3pp<span class=GramE>.</span><br>
805Published in </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
806style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9900;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Rad.Prot.Dos.,1-3,2006
807(Micros 2005 special issue)</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
808color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
809
810<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
811inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
812lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
813
814<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
815inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
816lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span
817lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <b>GEANT4
818SIMULATION OF THE NEW CENBG MICRO AND NANO PROBES FACILITY<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
819
820<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
821inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
822class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
823EN-GB'>By </span></span><st1:place><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB
824 style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>S. Incerti</span></span></st1:place><span
825class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
826EN-GB'>, C. Habchi, Ph. Moretto, J. Olivier and H. <span class=SpellE>Seznec</span>.</span></span><span
827lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> May
8282006. 5pp.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
829
830<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
831inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
832lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Published
833in </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9933;
834mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B249:738-742, 2006</span></b><b><span
835lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
836
837<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
838inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
839lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
840
841<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
842text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
843mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:
844Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <span class=GramE><b><span
845style='text-transform:uppercase'>A</span></b></span><b><span style='text-transform:
846uppercase'> Comparison of ray-tracing software for the design of quadrupole
847microbeam systems</span></b><span style='text-transform:uppercase'><br>
848</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
849EN-GB'>By S. Incerti et al., <br>
850Published </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9900;
851mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>in <b>Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B231:76-85, 2005</b></span><b><span
852lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
853
854<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
855text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
856mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
857
858<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
859inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
860class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
861EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;
862mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <b>DEVELOPMENT OF A FOCUSED CHARGED PARTICLE
863MICROBEAM FOR THE IRRADIATION OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS.</b></span></span><b><span
864lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
865
866<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
867inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
868lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>By Ph.
869<span class=SpellE>Barberet</span>, A. <span class=SpellE>Balana</span>, S.
870Incerti, C. <span class=SpellE>Michelet-Habchi</span>, Ph. Moretto, Th. <span
871class=SpellE>Pouthier</span>. Dec 2004. 6pp. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
872
873<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
874inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
875lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Published
876in </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9933;
877mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Rev.Sci.Instrum.76:015101, 2005<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
878
879<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
880inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
881lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
882
883<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
884inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
885class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:
886EN-GB'>&#9658; </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;
887mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>SIMULATION OF CELLULAR IRRADIATION WITH THE CENBG
888MICROBEAM LINE USING GEANT4.</span></b></span><b><span lang=EN-GB
889style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
890
891<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
892inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
893lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>By S.
894Incerti, Ph. <span class=SpellE>Barberet</span>, R. <span class=SpellE>Villeneuve</span>,
895P. <span class=SpellE>Aguer</span>, E. <span class=SpellE>Gontier</span>, C. <span
896class=SpellE>Michelet-Habchi</span>, Ph. Moretto, D.T. Nguyen, T. <span
897class=SpellE>Pouthier</span>, R.W. Smith. Oct 2003. 6pp. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
898
899<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
900inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
901lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Published
902in </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9933;
903mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.51:1395-1401, 2004</span></b><span
904lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9933;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
905
906<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
907inter-ideograph;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
908lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
909
910<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
911text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:
912Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;</span><span lang=EN-GB
913style='font-family:Arial;color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <b>SIMULATION
914OF ION PROPAGATION IN THE MICROBEAM LINE OF CENBG USING GEANT4.</b></span></span><span
915lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><br>
916By </span><span style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
917href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Incerti,+S.%22"><span
918lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
919text-underline:none'>S. Incerti</span></a></span><span lang=EN-GB
920style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
921style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
922href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Barberet,+Ph.%22"><span
923lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
924text-underline:none'>Ph. <span class=SpellE>Barberet</span></span></a></span><span
925lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
926style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
927href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Courtois,+B.%22"><span
928lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
929text-underline:none'>B. <span class=SpellE>Courtois</span></span></a></span><span
930lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
931style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
932href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Michelet-Habchi,+C.%22"><span
933lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
934text-underline:none'>C. <span class=SpellE>Michelet-Habchi</span></span></a></span><span
935lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, </span><span
936style='font-family:Arial;color:white'><a
937href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Moretto,+Ph.%22"><span
938lang=EN-GB style='color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;text-decoration:none;
939text-underline:none'>Ph. <span class=SpellE>Moretto</span></span></a></span><span
940lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. Sep
9412003. <br>
942Published in </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FF9933;
943mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B210:92-97, 2003</span></b><span
944lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#FFCCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
945
946<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
947mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
948style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
949
950<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
951mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
952style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
953
954<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
955mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
956style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>HOW TO INSTALL
957AND RUN THE EXAMPLE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
958
959<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
960mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
961style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
962
963<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
964mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
965style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Please, look at
966the </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;
967mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>README file</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
968style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> provided with
969the example.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
970
971<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
972mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
973style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
974
975<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
976mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
977style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
978
979<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
980mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
981style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>SIMULATION
982RESULTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
983
984<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
985mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
986style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
987
988<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
989mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
990style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>This example does
991not need any external analysis tool. The output consists in several text
992(*.txt) files which are created directly in the <span class=SpellE>microbeam</span>
993<span class=GramE>directory :</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
994
995<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
996mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
997style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
998
999<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1000text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1001lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;
1002</span><span class=GramE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
1003color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>dose.txt</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
1004style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> :</span></span><span
1005lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> gives
1006the total deposited dose in the cell nucleus and in the cell cytoplasm for each
1007incident alpha particle;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1008
1009<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1010mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1011style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1012
1013<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1014text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1015lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;
1016</span><span class=GramE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
1017color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>3DDose.txt</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
1018style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> :</span></span><span
1019lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> gives
1020the average dose deposited per <span class=SpellE>voxel</span> per incident
1021alpha particle;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1022
1023<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1024mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1025style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1026
1027<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1028text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1029lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;
1030</span><span class=GramE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
1031color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>range.txt</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
1032style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> :</span></span><span
1033lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1034indicates the final stopping (<span class=SpellE>x,y,z</span>) position of the
1035incident alpha particle within the irradiated medium (cell or culture medium)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1036
1037<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1038mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1039style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1040
1041<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1042text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1043lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;
1044</span><span class=GramE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
1045color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>stoppingPower.txt</span></b><span
1046lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> :</span></span><span
1047lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> gives
1048the actual stopping power <span class=SpellE>dE/dx</span> of the incident alpha
1049particle just before penetrating into the targeted cell;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1050
1051<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1052text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1053lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1054
1055<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1056text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1057lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&#9658;
1058</span><span class=GramE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
1059color:#CC99FF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>beamPosition.txt</span></b><span
1060lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> :</span></span><span
1061lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> gives
1062the beam transverse position distribution (X and Y) just before penetrating
1063into the targeted cell;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1064
1065<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1066text-indent:35.4pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1067lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1068
1069<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1070mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1071style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1072
1073<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1074mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1075style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>These files can
1076be easily analyzed using the provided </span><b><span lang=EN-GB
1077style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>ROOT macro file</span></b><span
1078lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> </span><span
1079class=SpellE><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:yellow;
1080mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>plot.C</span></b></span><span lang=EN-GB
1081style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. Fore more
1082details, please refer to the </span><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:
1083Arial;color:yellow;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>README file</span></b><span
1084lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. The
1085ROOT website is available <span class=GramE>at :</span> </span><b><span
1086lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:aqua;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
1087href="http://root.cern.ch/"><span style='color:aqua;text-decoration:none;
1088text-underline:none'>http://root.cern.ch</span></a></span></b><span lang=EN-GB
1089style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. The macro gives
1090the following graphical <span class=GramE>output :</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1091
1092<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1093mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1094style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1095
1096<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1097mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1098style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1099
1100<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
1101none;text-autospace:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75"
1102 style='width:691.5pt;height:506.25pt;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;
1103 mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:allowoverlap="f">
1104 <v:imagedata src="microbeam_fichiers/image019.emz" o:title=""/>
1105</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=922 height=675
1106src="microbeam_fichiers/image013.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]><span
1107lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1108
1109<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1110mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1111style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1112
1113<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1114mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1115style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Typical
1116graphical output from the <span class=SpellE><b>plot.C</b></span> macro file
1117obtained for 2x10<sup>4</sup> incident alpha <span class=GramE>particles :</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1118
1119<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1120mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1121style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1122
1123<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1124mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1125style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>TOP row <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
1126
1127<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1128mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1129lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>left</span></b></span><b><span
1130lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1131plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1132mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>nucleus <span class=SpellE>voxel</span> intensity
1133(0-255) distribution, two density zones have been isolated in the simulation</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1134
1135<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1136mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1137lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>middle</span></b></span><b><span
1138lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1139left plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1140mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>alpha dose deposit in nucleus</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1141
1142<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1143mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1144lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>middle</span></b></span><b><span
1145lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1146right plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1147mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>nucleus <span class=SpellE>voxel</span> intensity
1148projected on cell transverse section<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
1149
1150<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1151mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1152lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>right</span></b></span><b><span
1153lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1154plot :</span></b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1155mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> beam transverse (X) position distribution on target.
1156The sigma of the Gaussian fit is compatible with the measured experimental
1157value.</span></i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1158mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1159
1160<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1161mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1162style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
1163
1164<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1165mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1166style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>MIDDLE row <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
1167
1168<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1169mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1170lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>left</span></b></span><b><span
1171lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1172plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1173mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>cytoplasm <span class=SpellE>voxel</span>
1174intensity (0-255) distribution, two density zones have been isolated (one for pure
1175cytoplasm in red, the other for nucleoli in yellow)</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1176
1177<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1178mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1179lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>middle</span></b></span><b><span
1180lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1181left plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1182mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>alpha dose deposit in cytoplasm<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
1183
1184<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1185mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1186lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>middle</span></b></span><b><span
1187lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1188right plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1189mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>cytoplasm <span class=SpellE>voxel</span>
1190intensity projected on cell transverse section<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
1191
1192<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1193mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1194lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>right</span></b></span><b><span
1195lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1196plot :</span></b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1197mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> beam transverse (Y) position distribution on target.
1198The sigma of the Gaussian fit is compatible with the measured experimental
1199value.</span></i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1200mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1201
1202<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1203mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1204style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
1205
1206<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1207mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1208style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>BOTTOM row <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
1209
1210<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1211mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1212lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>left</span></b></span><b><span
1213lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1214plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1215mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>beam stopping power <span class=SpellE>dE/dx</span>
1216distribution at cell entrance<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
1217
1218<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1219mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1220lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>middle</span></b></span><b><span
1221lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1222left plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1223mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>3D distribution of alpha particle range in cell or
1224medium<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
1225
1226<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1227mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1228lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>middle</span></b></span><b><span
1229lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1230right plot :</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1231mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <i>projected mean energy deposit per <span
1232class=SpellE>voxel</span> (transverse, z axis is in <span class=SpellE>eV</span>)<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
1233
1234<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1235mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span class=GramE><b><span
1236lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>right</span></b></span><b><span
1237lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>
1238plot : </span></b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;
1239mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>projected mean energy deposit per <span class=SpellE>voxel</span>
1240(longitudinal, z axis is in <span class=SpellE>eV</span>).</span></i><span
1241lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1242
1243<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1244mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1245style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1246
1247<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:right 16.0cm;
1248mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1249style='font-family:Arial;color:#CCFFCC;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1250
1251<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
1252lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The
1253simulation predicts that 95% of the incident alpha particles detected by the
1254gas detector are located within a circle of 10 µm in diameter on the target, in
1255nice agreement with experimental measurements performed on the CENBG setup.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1256
1257<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-layout-grid-align:
1258none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
1259mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1260
1261<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1262mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1263style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
1264
1265<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1266mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1267style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>FUTURE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
1268
1269<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1270mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1271style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1272
1273<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1274mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1275style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Running this
1276example requires a large amount of memory and CPU time. Decrease of memory use
1277and acceleration of navigation could be investigated using nested
1278parameterization. Microdosimetry with other geometries like 3D tissues will be
1279investigated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1280
1281<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1282mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1283style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1284
1285<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1286mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1287style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
1288
1289<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1290mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-GB
1291style='font-family:Arial;color:#66CCFF;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>CONTACT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
1292
1293<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1294mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1295style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1296
1297<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1298mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1299style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Should you have
1300any enquiry, please do not hesitate to contact the corresponding <span
1301class=GramE>author :</span> </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;
1302color:aqua;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a href="mailto:incerti@cenbg.in2p3.fr"><span
1303style='color:aqua;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>incerti@cenbg.in2p3.fr</span></a>
1304<o:p></o:p></span></p>
1305
1306<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
1307mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB
1308style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
1309
1310<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right;mso-layout-grid-align:
1311none;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;
1312mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Last modified by </span><st1:place><span lang=EN-GB
1313 style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>S. Incerti</span></st1:place><span
1314lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Arial;color:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, <span
1315style='mso-field-code:" DATE \\\@ \0022dd\/MM\/yyyy\0022 "'><span
1316style='mso-no-proof:yes'>27/02/2007</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1317
1318</div>
1319
1320</body>
1321
1322</html>
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