| 1 | $Id: README,v 1.11 2009/09/22 14:20:31 maire Exp $
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| 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 3 |
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| 4 | =========================================================
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| 5 | Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
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| 6 | =========================================================
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| 7 |
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| 8 | TestEm11
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| 9 | -------
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| 10 |
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| 11 | How to plot a depth dose profile in a rectangular box.
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| 12 |
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| 13 |
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| 14 | 1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION
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| 15 |
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| 16 | The geometry consists of a single block of an homogenous material.
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| 17 | Optionally, the block can be divided in thinner layers (replica)
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| 18 |
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| 19 | 4 parameters define the geometry :
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| 20 | - the material of the box,
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| 21 | - the thickness of the box (sizeX),
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| 22 | - the tranverse dimension of the box (sizeYZ).
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| 23 | - the number of layers (nbOfLayers)
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| 24 |
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| 25 | In addition a transverse uniform magnetic field can be applied.
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| 26 |
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| 27 | The default geometry is constructed in DetectorConstruction class,
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| 28 | but all of the above parameters can be changed interactively via
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| 29 | the commands defined in the DetectorMessenger class.
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| 30 |
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| 31 | 2- PHYSICS LIST
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| 32 |
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| 33 | Physics lists can be local (eg. in this example) or from G4 kernel
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| 34 | physics_lists subdirectory.
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| 35 |
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| 36 | Local physics lists:
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| 37 | - "local" standard EM physics with current 'best' options setting.
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| 38 | these options are explicited in PhysListEmStandard
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| 39 |
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| 40 | From geant4/source/physics_lists/builders:
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| 41 | - "emstandard_opt0" recommended standard EM physics for LHC
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| 42 | - "emstandard_opt1" best CPU performance standard physics for LHC
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| 43 | - "emstandard_opt2"
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| 44 | - "emstandard_opt3" best current advanced EM options.
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| 45 | analog to "local" above
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| 46 | - "emlivermore" low-energy EM physics using Livermore data
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| 47 | - "empenelope" low-energy EM physics implementing Penelope models
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| 48 |
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| 49 | Physics lists and options can be (re)set with UI commands
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| 50 |
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| 51 | Please, notice that options set through G4EmProcessOPtions are global, eg
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| 52 | for all particle types. In G4 builders, it is shown how to set options per
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| 53 | particle type.
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| 54 |
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| 55 |
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| 56 | 3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
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| 57 |
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| 58 | The primary kinematic consists of a single particle starting at the
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| 59 | left face of the box. The type of the particle and its energy are set
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| 60 | in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class, and can be changed via the G4
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| 61 | build-in commands of ParticleGun class (see the macros provided with
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| 62 | this example).
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| 63 |
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| 64 | In addition one can choose randomly the impact point of the incident
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| 65 | particle. The corresponding interactive command is built in
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| 66 | PrimaryGeneratorMessenger class.
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| 67 |
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| 68 | A RUN is a set of events.
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| 69 |
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| 70 |
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| 71 | 4- VISUALIZATION
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| 72 |
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| 73 | The Visualization Manager is set in the main().
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| 74 | The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
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| 75 | /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. To get visualisation:
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| 76 | > /control/execute vis.mac
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| 77 |
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| 78 | The detector has a default view which is a longitudinal view of the
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| 79 | box.
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| 80 |
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| 81 | The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.
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| 82 | Optionaly one can choose to draw all particles, only the charged one,
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| 83 | or none. This command is defined in EventActionMessenger class.
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| 84 |
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| 85 |
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| 86 | 5- HOW TO START ?
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| 87 |
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| 88 | - compile and link to generate an executable
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| 89 | % cd geant4/examples/extended/electromagnetic/TestEm1
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| 90 | % gmake
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| 91 |
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| 92 | - execute TestEm11 in 'batch' mode from macro files
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| 93 | % TestEm11 run01.mac
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| 94 |
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| 95 | - execute TestEm11 in 'interactive mode' with visualization
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| 96 | % TestEm11
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| 97 | ....
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| 98 | Idle> type your commands
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| 99 | ....
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| 100 | Idle> exit
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| 101 |
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| 102 |
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| 103 | 6- TRACKING and STEP MAX
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| 104 |
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| 105 | Testem11 computes the total energy deposited along the trajectory of
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| 106 | the incident particle : the so-called longitudinal energy profile,
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| 107 | or depth dose distribution.
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| 108 | The energy deposited (edep) is randomly distribued along the step (see
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| 109 | SteppingAction).
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| 110 |
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| 111 | In order to control the accuracy of the deposition, the maximum step size
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| 112 | of charged particles is computed automatically from the binning of
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| 113 | histogram 1 and 8 (see HistoManager).
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| 114 |
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| 115 | As an example, this limitation is implemented as a 'full' process :
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| 116 | see StepMax class and its Messenger. The 'StepMax process' is registered
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| 117 | in the Physics List.
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| 118 |
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| 119 | In RunAction::BeginOfRun() the stepMax value is passed from the
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| 120 | HistoManager to the StepMax process.
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| 121 | A boolean UI command allows to desactivate this mechanism.
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| 122 |
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| 123 | 7- HISTOGRAMS
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| 124 |
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| 125 | Testem11 has several predefined 1D histograms :
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| 126 |
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| 127 | 1 : longitudinal energy profile (in MeV/mm and per event)
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| 128 | 2 : total energy deposited in the absorber
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| 129 | 3 : total track length of the primary track
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| 130 | 4 : step size of the primary track
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| 131 | 5 : projected range of the primary track
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| 132 | 6 : total track length of charged secondary tracks
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| 133 | 7 : step size of charged secondary tracks
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| 134 | 8 : longitudinal energy profile (in MeV.cm2/g), as a function of x/r0
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| 135 | where r0 is the range of the primary particle
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| 136 |
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| 137 | The histograms are managed by the HistoManager class and its Messenger.
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| 138 | The histos can be individually activated with the command :
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| 139 | /testem/histo/setHisto id nbBins valMin valMax unit
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| 140 | where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, deg or mrad, etc..)
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| 141 |
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| 142 | One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
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| 143 | /testem/histo/setFileName name (default testem11)
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| 144 |
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| 145 | It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file (hbook, root, XML)
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| 146 | with the command /testem/histo/setFileType (root by default)
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| 147 |
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| 148 | It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
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| 149 | /testem/histo/printHisto id
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| 150 | All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default testem11)
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| 151 |
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| 152 | Note that, by default, histograms are disabled. To activate them, uncomment
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| 153 | the flag G4ANALYSIS_USE in GNUmakefile.
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| 154 |
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| 155 |
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| 156 | 8- USING HISTOGRAMS
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| 157 |
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| 158 | To use histograms, at least one of the AIDA implementations should be
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| 159 | available. See InstallAida.txt
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