1 | $Id: README,v 1.29 2007/11/12 17:04:55 maire Exp $ |
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2 | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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3 | |
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4 | ========================================================= |
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5 | Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP |
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6 | ========================================================= |
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7 | |
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8 | TestEm3 |
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9 | ------- |
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10 | |
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11 | How to collect energy deposition in a sampling calorimeter. |
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12 | How to survey energy flow. |
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13 | how to print stopping power. |
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14 | |
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15 | 1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION |
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16 | |
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17 | The calorimeter is a box made of a given number of layers. |
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18 | A layer consists of a sequence of various absorbers (maximum MaxAbsor=9). |
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19 | The layer is replicated. |
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20 | |
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21 | Parameters defining the calorimeter : |
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22 | - the number of layers, |
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23 | - the number of absorbers within a layer, |
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24 | - the material of the absorbers, |
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25 | - the thickness of the absorbers, |
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26 | - the transverse size of the calorimeter (the input face is a square). |
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27 | |
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28 | In addition a transverse uniform magnetic field can be applied. |
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29 | |
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30 | The default geometry is constructed in DetectorConstruction class, but all |
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31 | of the above parameters can be modified interactively via the commands |
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32 | defined in the DetectorMessenger class. |
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33 | |
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34 | |
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35 | |<----layer 0---------->|<----layer 1---------->|<----layer 2---------->| |
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36 | | | | | |
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37 | ========================================================================== |
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38 | || | || | || | || |
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39 | || | || | || | || |
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40 | || abs 1 | abs 2 || abs 1 | abs 2 || abs 1 | abs 2 || |
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41 | || | || | || | || |
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42 | || | || | || | || |
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43 | beam || | || | || | || |
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44 | ======> || | || | || | || |
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45 | || | || | || | || |
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46 | || | || | || | || |
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47 | || | || | || | || |
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48 | || | || | || | || |
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49 | || cell 1 | cell 2|| cell 3 | cell 4|| cell 5 | cell 6|| |
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50 | ========================================================================== |
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51 | ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ |
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52 | pln1 pln2 pln3 pln4 pln5 pln6 pln7 |
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53 | |
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54 | NB. The number of absorbers and the number of layers can be set to 1. |
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55 | In this case we have a unique homogeneous block of matter, which looks like |
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56 | a bubble chamber rather than a calorimeter ... |
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57 | (see the macro of commands: newgeom.mac) |
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58 | |
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59 | 2- PHYSICS LISTS |
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60 | |
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61 | The following options for EM physics are available: |
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62 | - "standard" the best standard EM physics (default) |
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63 | - "G4standard" recommended standard EM physics for LHC |
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64 | - "G4standard_fast" the best CPU performance standard physics for LHC |
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65 | - "Livermore" low-energy EM physics using Livermore data |
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66 | - "Penelope" low-energy EM physics implementing Penelope models |
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67 | |
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68 | 3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR |
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69 | |
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70 | The primary kinematic consists of a single particle which hits the calorimeter |
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71 | perpendicular to the input face. The type of the particle and its energy are |
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72 | set in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class, and can be changed via the |
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73 | G4 build-in commands of ParticleGun class (see the macros provided with this |
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74 | example). |
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75 | |
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76 | In addition one can choose randomly the impact point of the incident particle. |
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77 | The corresponding interactive command is built in PrimaryGeneratorMessenger. |
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78 | |
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79 | A RUN is a set of events. |
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80 | |
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81 | TestEm3 computes the energy deposited per absorber and the energy flow through |
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82 | the calorimeter |
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83 | |
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84 | 4- VISUALIZATION |
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85 | |
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86 | The Visualization Manager is set in the main(). |
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87 | The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands : |
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88 | /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. In interactive session: |
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89 | PreInit or Idle > /control/execute vis.mac |
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90 | |
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91 | The default view is a longitudinal view of the calorimeter. |
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92 | |
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93 | The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run. |
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94 | Optionaly one can choose to draw all particles, only the charged one, or none. |
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95 | This command is defined in EventActionMessenger class. |
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96 | |
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97 | 5- PHYSICS DEMO |
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98 | |
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99 | The particle's type and the physic processes which will be available |
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100 | in this example are set in PhysicsList class. |
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101 | |
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102 | In addition a build-in interactive command (/process/inactivate processName) |
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103 | allows to activate/inactivate the processes one by one. |
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104 | Then one can well visualize the processes one by one, especially |
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105 | in the bubble chamber setup with a transverse magnetic field. |
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106 | |
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107 | As a homework try to visualize a gamma conversion alone, |
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108 | or the effect of the multiple scattering. |
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109 | |
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110 | Notice that one can control the maximum step size in each absorber, via the |
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111 | StepMax process and the command /testem/stepMax/absorber |
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112 | (see StepMax and PhysicsList classes) |
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113 | |
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114 | 6- HOW TO START ? |
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115 | |
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116 | - compile and link to generate an executable |
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117 | % cd TestEm3 |
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118 | % gmake |
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119 | |
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120 | - execute TestEm3 in 'batch' mode from macro files |
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121 | % TestEm3 run01.mac |
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122 | |
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123 | - execute TestEm3 in 'interactive mode' with visualization |
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124 | % TestEm3 |
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125 | .... |
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126 | Idle> type your commands. For instance: |
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127 | Idle> /control/execute run01.mac |
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128 | .... |
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129 | Idle> exit |
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130 | |
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131 | 7- HISTOGRAMS |
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132 | |
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133 | Testem3 can produce histograms : |
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134 | histo 1 : energy deposit in absorber 1 |
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135 | histo 2 : energy deposit in absorber 2 |
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136 | ...etc........... |
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137 | |
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138 | One can control the binning of the histo with the command: |
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139 | /testem/histo/setHisto idAbsor nbin Emin Emax unit |
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140 | ...etc........... |
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141 | where unit is the desired energy unit for that histo (see TestEm3.in). |
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142 | |
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143 | histo 11 : longitudinal profile of energy deposit in absorber 1 (MeV/event) |
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144 | histo 12 : longitudinal profile of energy deposit in absorber 2 (MeV/event) |
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145 | ...etc........... |
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146 | |
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147 | histo 21 : energy flow (MeV/event) |
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148 | histo 22 : lateral energy leak (MeV/event) |
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149 | |
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150 | One can control the name of the histograms file with the command: |
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151 | /testem/histo/setFileName name (default testem3.hbook) |
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152 | |
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153 | NB. Numbering scheme for histograms: |
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154 | layer : from 1 to NbOfLayers (inclued) |
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155 | absorbers : from 1 to NbOfAbsor (inclued) |
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156 | planes : from 1 to NbOfLayers*NbOfAbsor + 1 (inclued) |
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157 | |
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158 | It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file: |
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159 | /testem/histo/printHisto id |
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160 | All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default testem3) |
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161 | |
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162 | Note that, by default, histograms are disabled. To activate them, uncomment |
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163 | the flag G4ANALYSIS_USE in GNUmakefile. |
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164 | |
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165 | Before compilation of the example it is optimal to clean up old files: |
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166 | gmake histclean |
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167 | gmake |
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168 | |
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169 | |
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170 | 8- USING HISTOGRAMS |
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171 | |
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172 | To use histograms, at least one of the AIDA implementations should be |
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173 | available (see http://aida.freehep.org). |
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174 | |
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175 | 8a - PI |
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176 | |
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177 | A package including AIDA and extended interfaces also using Python is PI, |
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178 | available from: http://cern.ch/pi |
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179 | |
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180 | Once installed PI or PI-Lite in a specified local area $MYPY, it is required |
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181 | to add the installation path to $PATH, i.e. for example, for release 1.2.1 of |
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182 | PI: |
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183 | setenv PATH ${PATH}:$MYPI/1.2.1/app/releases/PI/PI_1_2_1/rh73_gcc32/bin |
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184 | |
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185 | CERN users can use the PATH to the LCG area on AFS. |
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186 | Before running the example the command should be issued: |
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187 | eval `aida-config --runtime csh` |
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188 | |
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189 | 8b - OpenScientist |
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190 | |
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191 | OpenScientist is available at http://OpenScientist.lal.in2p3.fr. |
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192 | |
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193 | You have to "setup" the OpenScientist AIDA implementation before compiling |
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194 | (then with G4ANALYSIS_USE set) and running your Geant4 application. |
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195 | |
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196 | On UNIX you setup, with a csh flavoured shell : |
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197 | csh> source <<OpenScientist install path>/aida-setup.csh |
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198 | or with a sh flavoured shell : |
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199 | sh> . <<OpenScientist install path>/aida-setup.sh |
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200 | On Windows : |
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201 | DOS> call <<OpenScientist install path>/aida-setup.bat |
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202 | |
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203 | You can use various file formats for writing (AIDA-XML, hbook, root). |
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204 | These formats are readable by the Lab onx interactive program |
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205 | or the OpenPAW application. See the web pages. |
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206 | |
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207 | |
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208 | With OpenPAW, on a run.hbook file, one can view the histograms |
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209 | with something like : |
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210 | OS> opaw |
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211 | opaw> h/file 1 run.hbook ( or opaw> h/file 1 run.aida or run.root) |
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212 | opaw> zone 2 2 |
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213 | opaw> h/plot 1 |
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214 | opaw> h/plot 2 |
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