//
// ********************************************************************
// * License and Disclaimer                                           *
// *                                                                  *
// * The  Geant4 software  is  copyright of the Copyright Holders  of *
// * the Geant4 Collaboration.  It is provided  under  the terms  and *
// * conditions of the Geant4 Software License,  included in the file *
// * LICENSE and available at  http://cern.ch/geant4/license .  These *
// * include a list of copyright holders.                             *
// *                                                                  *
// * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing *
// * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
// * work  make  any representation or  warranty, express or implied, *
// * regarding  this  software system or assume any liability for its *
// * use.  Please see the license in the file  LICENSE  and URL above *
// * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability.         *
// *                                                                  *
// * This  code  implementation is the result of  the  scientific and *
// * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration.                      *
// * By using,  copying,  modifying or  distributing the software (or *
// * any work based  on the software)  you  agree  to acknowledge its *
// * use  in  resulting  scientific  publications,  and indicate your *
// * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license.          *
// ********************************************************************
//
// $Id: G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel.cc,v 1.6 2009/08/13 11:32:47 sincerti Exp $
// GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-03 $
//

#include "G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel.hh"

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

using namespace std;

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
                                             const G4String& nam)
:G4VEmModel(nam),isInitialised(false)
{

  verboseLevel= 0;
  // Verbosity scale:
  // 0 = nothing 
  // 1 = warning for energy non-conservation 
  // 2 = details of energy budget
  // 3 = calculation of cross sections, file openings, sampling of atoms
  // 4 = entering in methods
  
  if( verboseLevel>0 ) 
  { 
    G4cout << "Dingfelder charge increase model is constructed " << G4endl;
  }

}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::~G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel()
{}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

void G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* particle,
                                       const G4DataVector& /*cuts*/)
{

  if (verboseLevel > 3)
    G4cout << "Calling G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::Initialise()" << G4endl;

  // Energy limits
  
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();
  G4ParticleDefinition* hydrogenDef = instance->GetIon("hydrogen");
  G4ParticleDefinition* alphaPlusDef = instance->GetIon("alpha+");
  G4ParticleDefinition* heliumDef = instance->GetIon("helium");

  G4String hydrogen;
  G4String alphaPlus;
  G4String helium;

  if (hydrogenDef != 0)
  {
    hydrogen = hydrogenDef->GetParticleName();
    lowEnergyLimit[hydrogen] = 1. * keV;
    highEnergyLimit[hydrogen] = 10. * MeV;
  }
  else
  {
    G4Exception("G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::Initialise: hydrogen is not defined");
  }

  if (alphaPlusDef != 0)
  {
    alphaPlus = alphaPlusDef->GetParticleName();
    lowEnergyLimit[alphaPlus] = 1. * keV;
    highEnergyLimit[alphaPlus] = 10. * MeV;
  }
  else
  {
    G4Exception("G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::Initialise: alphaPlus is not defined");
  }

  if (heliumDef != 0)
  {
    helium = heliumDef->GetParticleName();
    lowEnergyLimit[helium] = 1. * keV;
    highEnergyLimit[helium] = 10. * MeV;
  }
  else
  {
    G4Exception("G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::Initialise: helium is not defined");
  }
  
  if (particle==hydrogenDef) 
  {
    SetLowEnergyLimit(lowEnergyLimit[hydrogen]);
    SetHighEnergyLimit(highEnergyLimit[hydrogen]);
  }

  if (particle==alphaPlusDef) 
  {
    SetLowEnergyLimit(lowEnergyLimit[alphaPlus]);
    SetHighEnergyLimit(highEnergyLimit[alphaPlus]);
  }

  if (particle==heliumDef) 
  {
    SetLowEnergyLimit(lowEnergyLimit[helium]);
    SetHighEnergyLimit(highEnergyLimit[helium]);
  }

  // Final state
  
  //ALPHA+

  f0[0][0]=1.;
  a0[0][0]=2.25;
  a1[0][0]=-0.75;
  b0[0][0]=-32.10;
  c0[0][0]=0.600;
  d0[0][0]=2.40;
  x0[0][0]=4.60;

  x1[0][0]=-1.;
  b1[0][0]=-1.;
   
  numberOfPartialCrossSections[0]=1;

  //HELIUM

  f0[0][1]=1.;
  a0[0][1]=2.25;
  a1[0][1]=-0.75;
  b0[0][1]=-30.93;
  c0[0][1]=0.590;
  d0[0][1]=2.35;
  x0[0][1]=4.29;

  f0[1][1]=1.;
  a0[1][1]=2.25;
  a1[1][1]=-0.75;
  b0[1][1]=-32.61;
  c0[1][1]=0.435;
  d0[1][1]=2.70;
  x0[1][1]=4.45;

  x1[0][1]=-1.;
  b1[0][1]=-1.;

  x1[1][1]=-1.;
  b1[1][1]=-1.;

  numberOfPartialCrossSections[1]=2;
  
  //
  
  if( verboseLevel>0 ) 
  { 
    G4cout << "Dingfelder charge increase model is initialized " << G4endl
           << "Energy range: "
           << LowEnergyLimit() / keV << " keV - "
           << HighEnergyLimit() / MeV << " MeV for "
           << particle->GetParticleName()
           << G4endl;
  }

  if(!isInitialised) 
  {
    isInitialised = true;
  
    if(pParticleChange)
      fParticleChangeForGamma = reinterpret_cast<G4ParticleChangeForGamma*>(pParticleChange);
    else
      fParticleChangeForGamma = new G4ParticleChangeForGamma();
  }    

  // InitialiseElementSelectors(particle,cuts);
  
  // Test if water material

  flagMaterialIsWater= false;
  densityWater = 0;

  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();

  if(theCoupleTable) 
  {
    G4int numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
  
    if(numOfCouples>0) 
    {
	  for (G4int i=0; i<numOfCouples; i++) 
	  {
	    const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple = theCoupleTable->GetMaterialCutsCouple(i);
	    const G4Material* material = couple->GetMaterial();

            if (material->GetName() == "G4_WATER") 
            {
              G4double density = material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector()[1];
	      flagMaterialIsWater = true; 
	      densityWater = density; 
	      
	      if (verboseLevel > 3) 
              G4cout << "****** Water material is found with density(cm^-3)=" << density/(cm*cm*cm) << G4endl;
            }
  
          }

    } // if(numOfCouples>0)

  } // if (theCoupleTable)

}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

G4double G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::CrossSectionPerVolume(const G4Material*,
					   const G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition,
					   G4double k,
					   G4double,
					   G4double)
{
  if (verboseLevel > 3)
    G4cout << "Calling CrossSectionPerVolume() of G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel" << G4endl;

 // Calculate total cross section for model

  G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();

  if (
      particleDefinition != instance->GetIon("hydrogen")
      &&
      particleDefinition != instance->GetIon("alpha+")
      &&
      particleDefinition != instance->GetIon("helium")
      )
         	    
    return 0;

  G4double lowLim = 0;
  G4double highLim = 0;
  G4double totalCrossSection = 0.;
 
  if (flagMaterialIsWater)
  {
    const G4String& particleName = particleDefinition->GetParticleName();

    std::map< G4String,G4double,std::less<G4String> >::iterator pos1;
    pos1 = lowEnergyLimit.find(particleName);

    if (pos1 != lowEnergyLimit.end())
    {
      lowLim = pos1->second;
    }

    std::map< G4String,G4double,std::less<G4String> >::iterator pos2;
    pos2 = highEnergyLimit.find(particleName);

    if (pos2 != highEnergyLimit.end())
    {
      highLim = pos2->second;
    }

    if (k >= lowLim && k < highLim)
    {
      //HYDROGEN
      if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen"))
      {
	  const  G4double aa = 2.835;
	  const  G4double bb = 0.310;
	  const  G4double cc = 2.100;
	  const  G4double dd = 0.760;
	  const  G4double fac = 1.0e-18;
	  const  G4double rr = 13.606 * eV;  
	  
	  G4double t = k / (proton_mass_c2/electron_mass_c2); 
	  G4double x = t / rr; 
	  G4double temp = 4.0 * pi * Bohr_radius/nm * Bohr_radius/nm * fac;
	  G4double sigmal =  temp * cc * (std::pow(x,dd));
	  G4double sigmah = temp * (aa * std::log(1.0 + x) + bb) / x;
	  totalCrossSection = 1.0/(1.0/sigmal + 1.0/sigmah) *m*m;
      }
      else
      {
	  totalCrossSection = Sum(k,particleDefinition);
      }
    }
 
    if (verboseLevel > 3)
    {
      G4cout << "---> Kinetic energy(eV)=" << k/eV << G4endl;
      G4cout << " - Cross section per water molecule (cm^2)=" << totalCrossSection/cm/cm << G4endl;
      G4cout << " - Cross section per water molecule (cm^-1)=" << totalCrossSection*densityWater/(1./cm) << G4endl;
    } 

  } // if (flagMaterialIsWater)

  return totalCrossSection*densityWater;		   

}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

void G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* fvect,
					      const G4MaterialCutsCouple* /*couple*/,
					      const G4DynamicParticle* aDynamicParticle,
					      G4double,
					      G4double)
{
  if (verboseLevel > 3)
    G4cout << "Calling SampleSecondaries() of G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel" << G4endl;

  fParticleChangeForGamma->ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
  fParticleChangeForGamma->ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(0.);

  G4ParticleDefinition* definition = aDynamicParticle->GetDefinition();
 
  G4double inK = aDynamicParticle->GetKineticEnergy();

  G4int finalStateIndex = RandomSelect(inK,definition);

  G4int n = NumberOfFinalStates(definition,finalStateIndex);
  
  G4double outK = inK - IncomingParticleBindingEnergyConstant(definition,finalStateIndex);

  G4DNAGenericIonsManager* instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();

  G4double electronK;
  if (definition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) electronK = inK*electron_mass_c2/proton_mass_c2;
  else electronK = inK*electron_mass_c2/(3728*MeV);
  
  if (outK<0)
  {
    G4String message;
    message="G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::SampleSecondaries: final kinetic energy is below 0! Process ";
  }
  
  G4DynamicParticle* dp = new G4DynamicParticle 
  
  (OutgoingParticleDefinition(definition,finalStateIndex), 
   aDynamicParticle->GetMomentumDirection(), 
   outK) ;

  fvect->push_back(dp);

  n = n - 1;
  
  while (n>0)
  {
    n--;
    fvect->push_back(new G4DynamicParticle 
    (G4Electron::Electron(), aDynamicParticle->GetMomentumDirection(), electronK) );
  }
        
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4int G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::NumberOfFinalStates(G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, 
						      G4int finalStateIndex )
  
{
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager* instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) return 2;
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+")) return 2;
  
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium")) 
  {    if (finalStateIndex==0) return 2;
       return 3;
  }
  return 0;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4ParticleDefinition* G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::OutgoingParticleDefinition (G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, 
									      G4int finalStateIndex) 
{
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager * instance(G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance());
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) return G4Proton::Proton(); 
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+")) return instance->GetIon("alpha++");

  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium"))
  {
    if (finalStateIndex==0) return instance->GetIon("alpha+"); 
    return instance->GetIon("alpha++");
  }
  return 0;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4double G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::IncomingParticleBindingEnergyConstant(G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, 
									   G4int finalStateIndex )
{
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager * instance(G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance());
  if(particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) return 13.6*eV;
  
  if(particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+"))
  {
      // Binding energy for    He+ -> He++ + e-    54.509 eV
      // Binding energy for    He  -> He+  + e-    24.587 eV
      return 54.509*eV;
  }
   
  if(particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium"))
  {
      // Binding energy for    He+ -> He++ + e-    54.509 eV
      // Binding energy for    He  -> He+  + e-    24.587 eV

      if (finalStateIndex==0) return 24.587*eV;
      return (54.509 + 24.587)*eV;
  }  

  return 0;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4double G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::PartialCrossSection(G4double k, G4int index, 
							   const G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition)
{

  G4int particleTypeIndex = 0;
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();

  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+")) particleTypeIndex=0;
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium")) particleTypeIndex=1;

  //
  // sigma(T) = f0 10 ^ y(log10(T/eV))
  //
  //         /  a0 x + b0                    x < x0
  //         |
  // y(x) = <   a0 x + b0 - c0 (x - x0)^d0   x0 <= x < x1
  //         |
  //         \  a1 x + b1                    x >= x1
  //
  //
  // f0, a0, a1, b0, b1, c0, d0, x0, x1 are parameters that change for protons and helium (0, +, ++)
  //
  // f0 has been added to the code in order to manage partial (shell-dependent) cross sections (if no shell dependence is present. f0=1. Sum of f0 over the considered shells should give 1)
  //
  // From Rad. Phys. and Chem. 59 (2000) 255-275, M. Dingfelder et al.
  // Inelastic-collision cross sections of liquid water for interactions of energetic proton
  //
  
  if (x1[index][particleTypeIndex]<x0[index][particleTypeIndex])
  {
      //
      // if x1 < x0 means that x1 and b1 will be calculated with the following formula (this piece of code is run on all alphas and not on protons)
      //
      // x1 = x0 + ((a0 - a1)/(c0 * d0)) ^ (1 / (d0 - 1))
      //
      // b1 = (a0 - a1) * x1 + b0 - c0 * (x1 - x0) ^ d0
      //
 
      x1[index][particleTypeIndex]=x0[index][particleTypeIndex] + std::pow((a0[index][particleTypeIndex] - a1[index][particleTypeIndex]) / (c0[index][particleTypeIndex] * d0[index][particleTypeIndex]), 1. / (d0[index][particleTypeIndex] - 1.));
      b1[index][particleTypeIndex]=(a0[index][particleTypeIndex] - a1[index][particleTypeIndex]) * x1[index][particleTypeIndex] + b0[index][particleTypeIndex] - c0[index][particleTypeIndex] * std::pow(x1[index][particleTypeIndex] - x0[index][particleTypeIndex], d0[index][particleTypeIndex]);
  }

  G4double x(std::log10(k/eV));
  G4double y;
  
  if (x<x0[index][particleTypeIndex])
    y=a0[index][particleTypeIndex] * x + b0[index][particleTypeIndex];
  else if (x<x1[index][particleTypeIndex])
    y=a0[index][particleTypeIndex] * x + b0[index][particleTypeIndex] - c0[index][particleTypeIndex] * std::pow(x - x0[index][particleTypeIndex], d0[index][particleTypeIndex]);
  else
    y=a1[index][particleTypeIndex] * x + b1[index][particleTypeIndex];

  return f0[index][particleTypeIndex] * std::pow(10., y)*m*m;
  
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4int G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::RandomSelect(G4double k, 
							const G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition)
{

  G4int particleTypeIndex = 0;
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();

  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) return 0;
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+")) particleTypeIndex=0;
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium")) particleTypeIndex=1;

  const G4int n = numberOfPartialCrossSections[particleTypeIndex];
  G4double* values(new G4double[n]);
  G4double value = 0;
  G4int i = n;
  
  while (i>0)
  {
      i--;
      values[i]=PartialCrossSection(k, i, particleDefinition);
      value+=values[i];
  }
  
  value*=G4UniformRand();
  
  i=n;
  while (i>0)
  {
      i--;
   
      if (values[i]>value)
	break;
  
      value-=values[i];
  }
  
  delete[] values;
  
  return i;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4double G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel::Sum(G4double k, const G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition)
{
  G4int particleTypeIndex = 0;
  G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance;
  instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance();

  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+")) particleTypeIndex=0;
  if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium")) particleTypeIndex=1;

  G4double totalCrossSection = 0.;

  for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfPartialCrossSections[particleTypeIndex]; i++)
  {
    totalCrossSection += PartialCrossSection(k,i,particleDefinition);
  }
  return totalCrossSection;
}