1 | // |
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2 | // ******************************************************************** |
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3 | // * License and Disclaimer * |
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4 | // * * |
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5 | // * The Geant4 software is copyright of the Copyright Holders of * |
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6 | // * the Geant4 Collaboration. It is provided under the terms and * |
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7 | // * conditions of the Geant4 Software License, included in the file * |
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8 | // * LICENSE and available at http://cern.ch/geant4/license . These * |
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9 | // * include a list of copyright holders. * |
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10 | // * * |
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11 | // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * |
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12 | // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this * |
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13 | // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * |
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14 | // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * |
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15 | // * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * |
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16 | // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * |
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17 | // * * |
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18 | // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * |
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19 | // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * |
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20 | // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * |
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21 | // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * |
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22 | // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * |
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23 | // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * |
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24 | // ******************************************************************** |
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25 | // |
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26 | // $Id: G4FinalStateIonisationRudd.cc,v 1.11 2009/06/11 15:47:08 mantero Exp $ |
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27 | // GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-03 $ |
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28 | |
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29 | #include "G4FinalStateIonisationRudd.hh" |
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30 | |
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31 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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32 | |
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33 | G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::G4FinalStateIonisationRudd() |
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34 | { |
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35 | lowEnergyLimitDefault = 100 * eV; |
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36 | highEnergyLimitDefault = 100 * MeV; |
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37 | |
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38 | G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance; |
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39 | instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance(); |
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40 | |
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41 | G4ParticleDefinition* protonDef = G4Proton::ProtonDefinition(); |
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42 | G4ParticleDefinition* hydrogenDef = instance->GetIon("hydrogen"); |
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43 | G4ParticleDefinition* alphaPlusPlusDef = instance->GetIon("alpha++"); |
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44 | G4ParticleDefinition* alphaPlusDef = instance->GetIon("alpha+"); |
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45 | G4ParticleDefinition* heliumDef = instance->GetIon("helium"); |
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46 | |
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47 | G4String proton; |
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48 | G4String hydrogen; |
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49 | G4String alphaPlusPlus; |
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50 | G4String alphaPlus; |
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51 | G4String helium; |
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52 | |
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53 | proton = protonDef->GetParticleName(); |
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54 | lowEnergyLimit[proton] = 100. * eV; |
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55 | highEnergyLimit[proton] = 500. * keV; |
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56 | |
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57 | hydrogen = hydrogenDef->GetParticleName(); |
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58 | lowEnergyLimit[hydrogen] = 100. * eV; |
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59 | highEnergyLimit[hydrogen] = 100. * MeV; |
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60 | |
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61 | alphaPlusPlus = alphaPlusPlusDef->GetParticleName(); |
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62 | lowEnergyLimit[alphaPlusPlus] = 1. * keV; |
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63 | highEnergyLimit[alphaPlusPlus] = 10. * MeV; |
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64 | |
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65 | alphaPlus = alphaPlusDef->GetParticleName(); |
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66 | lowEnergyLimit[alphaPlus] = 1. * keV; |
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67 | highEnergyLimit[alphaPlus] = 10. * MeV; |
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68 | |
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69 | helium = heliumDef->GetParticleName(); |
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70 | lowEnergyLimit[helium] = 1. * keV; |
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71 | highEnergyLimit[helium] = 10. * MeV; |
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72 | |
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73 | G4cout << G4endl; |
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74 | G4cout << "*******************************************************************************" << G4endl; |
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75 | G4cout << "*******************************************************************************" << G4endl; |
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76 | G4cout << " The class G4FinalStateIonisationRudd is NOT SUPPORTED ANYMORE. " << G4endl; |
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77 | G4cout << " It will be REMOVED with the next major release of Geant4. " << G4endl; |
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78 | G4cout << " Please consult: https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/Geant4/LoweProcesses" << G4endl; |
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79 | G4cout << "*******************************************************************************" << G4endl; |
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80 | G4cout << "*******************************************************************************" << G4endl; |
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81 | G4cout << G4endl; |
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82 | } |
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83 | |
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84 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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85 | |
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86 | G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::~G4FinalStateIonisationRudd() |
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87 | {} |
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88 | |
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89 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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90 | |
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91 | const G4FinalStateProduct& G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::GenerateFinalState(const G4Track& track, const G4Step& /* step */) |
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92 | { |
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93 | product.Clear(); |
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94 | |
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95 | const G4DynamicParticle* particle = track.GetDynamicParticle(); |
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96 | |
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97 | G4double lowLim = lowEnergyLimitDefault; |
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98 | G4double highLim = highEnergyLimitDefault; |
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99 | |
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100 | G4double k = particle->GetKineticEnergy(); |
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101 | |
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102 | const G4String& particleName = particle->GetDefinition()->GetParticleName(); |
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103 | |
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104 | std::map< G4String,G4double,std::less<G4String> >::iterator pos1; |
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105 | pos1 = lowEnergyLimit.find(particleName); |
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106 | |
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107 | if (pos1 != lowEnergyLimit.end()) |
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108 | { |
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109 | lowLim = pos1->second; |
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110 | } |
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111 | |
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112 | std::map< G4String,G4double,std::less<G4String> >::iterator pos2; |
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113 | pos2 = highEnergyLimit.find(particleName); |
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114 | |
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115 | if (pos2 != highEnergyLimit.end()) |
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116 | { |
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117 | highLim = pos2->second; |
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118 | } |
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119 | |
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120 | if (k >= lowLim && k <= highLim) |
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121 | { |
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122 | G4ParticleDefinition* definition = particle->GetDefinition(); |
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123 | G4ParticleMomentum primaryDirection = particle->GetMomentumDirection(); |
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124 | G4double particleMass = definition->GetPDGMass(); |
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125 | G4double totalEnergy = k + particleMass; |
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126 | G4double pSquare = k*(totalEnergy+particleMass); |
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127 | G4double totalMomentum = std::sqrt(pSquare); |
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128 | |
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129 | const G4String& particleName = definition->GetParticleName(); |
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130 | |
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131 | G4int ionizationShell = cross.RandomSelect(k,particleName); |
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132 | |
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133 | G4double secondaryKinetic = RandomizeEjectedElectronEnergy(definition,k,ionizationShell); |
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134 | |
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135 | G4double bindingEnergy = waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationShell); |
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136 | |
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137 | G4double cosTheta = 0.; |
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138 | G4double phi = 0.; |
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139 | RandomizeEjectedElectronDirection(definition, k,secondaryKinetic, cosTheta, phi); |
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140 | |
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141 | G4double sinTheta = std::sqrt(1.-cosTheta*cosTheta); |
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142 | G4double dirX = sinTheta*std::cos(phi); |
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143 | G4double dirY = sinTheta*std::sin(phi); |
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144 | G4double dirZ = cosTheta; |
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145 | G4ThreeVector deltaDirection(dirX,dirY,dirZ); |
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146 | deltaDirection.rotateUz(primaryDirection); |
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147 | |
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148 | G4double deltaTotalMomentum = std::sqrt(secondaryKinetic*(secondaryKinetic + 2.*electron_mass_c2 )); |
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149 | |
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150 | G4double finalPx = totalMomentum*primaryDirection.x() - deltaTotalMomentum*deltaDirection.x(); |
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151 | G4double finalPy = totalMomentum*primaryDirection.y() - deltaTotalMomentum*deltaDirection.y(); |
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152 | G4double finalPz = totalMomentum*primaryDirection.z() - deltaTotalMomentum*deltaDirection.z(); |
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153 | G4double finalMomentum = std::sqrt(finalPx*finalPx+finalPy*finalPy+finalPz*finalPz); |
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154 | finalPx /= finalMomentum; |
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155 | finalPy /= finalMomentum; |
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156 | finalPz /= finalMomentum; |
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157 | |
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158 | product.ModifyPrimaryParticle(finalPx,finalPy,finalPz,k-bindingEnergy-secondaryKinetic); |
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159 | product.AddEnergyDeposit(bindingEnergy); |
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160 | |
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161 | G4DynamicParticle* aElectron = new G4DynamicParticle(G4Electron::Electron(),deltaDirection,secondaryKinetic); |
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162 | product.AddSecondary(aElectron); |
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163 | } |
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164 | |
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165 | if (k < lowLim) |
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166 | { |
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167 | product.KillPrimaryParticle(); |
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168 | } |
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169 | |
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170 | return product; |
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171 | } |
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172 | |
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173 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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174 | |
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175 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::RandomizeEjectedElectronEnergy(G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, |
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176 | G4double k, |
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177 | G4int shell) |
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178 | { |
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179 | G4double maximumKineticEnergyTransfer = 0.; |
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180 | |
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181 | G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance; |
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182 | instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance(); |
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183 | |
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184 | if (particleDefinition == G4Proton::ProtonDefinition() |
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185 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) |
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186 | { |
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187 | maximumKineticEnergyTransfer= 4.* (electron_mass_c2 / proton_mass_c2) * k; |
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188 | } |
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189 | |
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190 | if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium") |
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191 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+") |
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192 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha++")) |
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193 | { |
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194 | maximumKineticEnergyTransfer= 4.* (0.511 / 3728) * k; |
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195 | } |
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196 | |
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197 | G4double crossSectionMaximum = 0.; |
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198 | |
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199 | for(G4double value=waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(shell); value<=4.*waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(shell) ; value+=0.1*eV) |
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200 | { |
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201 | G4double differentialCrossSection = DifferentialCrossSection(particleDefinition, k, value, shell); |
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202 | if(differentialCrossSection >= crossSectionMaximum) crossSectionMaximum = differentialCrossSection; |
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203 | } |
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204 | |
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205 | G4double secElecKinetic = 0.; |
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206 | |
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207 | do |
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208 | { |
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209 | secElecKinetic = G4UniformRand() * maximumKineticEnergyTransfer; |
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210 | } while(G4UniformRand()*crossSectionMaximum > DifferentialCrossSection(particleDefinition, |
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211 | k, |
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212 | secElecKinetic+waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(shell), |
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213 | shell)); |
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214 | |
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215 | return(secElecKinetic); |
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216 | } |
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217 | |
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218 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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219 | |
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220 | |
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221 | void G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::RandomizeEjectedElectronDirection(G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, |
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222 | G4double k, |
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223 | G4double secKinetic, |
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224 | G4double & cosTheta, |
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225 | G4double & phi ) |
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226 | { |
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227 | G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance; |
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228 | instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance(); |
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229 | |
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230 | G4double maxSecKinetic = 0.; |
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231 | |
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232 | if (particleDefinition == G4Proton::ProtonDefinition() |
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233 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) |
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234 | { |
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235 | maxSecKinetic = 4.* (electron_mass_c2 / proton_mass_c2) * k; |
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236 | } |
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237 | |
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238 | if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium") |
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239 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+") |
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240 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha++")) |
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241 | { |
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242 | maxSecKinetic = 4.* (0.511 / 3728) * k; |
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243 | } |
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244 | |
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245 | phi = twopi * G4UniformRand(); |
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246 | cosTheta = std::sqrt(secKinetic / maxSecKinetic); |
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247 | } |
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248 | |
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249 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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250 | |
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251 | |
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252 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::DifferentialCrossSection(G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, |
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253 | G4double k, |
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254 | G4double energyTransfer, |
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255 | G4int ionizationLevelIndex) |
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256 | { |
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257 | // Shells ids are 0 1 2 3 4 (4 is k shell) |
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258 | // !!Attention, "energyTransfer" here is the energy transfered to the electron which means |
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259 | // that the secondary kinetic energy is w = energyTransfer - bindingEnergy |
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260 | // |
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261 | // ds S F1(nu) + w * F2(nu) |
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262 | // ---- = G(k) * ---- ------------------------------------------- |
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263 | // dw Bj (1+w)^3 * [1 + exp{alpha * (w - wc) / nu}] |
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264 | // |
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265 | // w is the secondary electron kinetic Energy in eV |
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266 | // |
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267 | // All the other parameters can be found in Rudd's Papers |
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268 | // |
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269 | // M.Eugene Rudd, 1988, User-Friendly model for the energy distribution of |
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270 | // electrons from protons or electron collisions. Nucl. Tracks Rad. Meas.Vol 16 N0 2/3 pp 219-218 |
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271 | // |
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272 | |
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273 | const G4int j=ionizationLevelIndex; |
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274 | |
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275 | G4double A1 ; |
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276 | G4double B1 ; |
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277 | G4double C1 ; |
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278 | G4double D1 ; |
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279 | G4double E1 ; |
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280 | G4double A2 ; |
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281 | G4double B2 ; |
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282 | G4double C2 ; |
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283 | G4double D2 ; |
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284 | G4double alphaConst ; |
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285 | |
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286 | if (j == 4) |
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287 | { |
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288 | //Data For Liquid Water K SHELL from Dingfelder (Protons in Water) |
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289 | A1 = 1.25; |
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290 | B1 = 0.5; |
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291 | C1 = 1.00; |
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292 | D1 = 1.00; |
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293 | E1 = 3.00; |
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294 | A2 = 1.10; |
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295 | B2 = 1.30; |
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296 | C2 = 1.00; |
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297 | D2 = 0.00; |
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298 | alphaConst = 0.66; |
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299 | } |
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300 | else |
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301 | { |
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302 | //Data For Liquid Water from Dingfelder (Protons in Water) |
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303 | A1 = 1.02; |
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304 | B1 = 82.0; |
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305 | C1 = 0.45; |
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306 | D1 = -0.80; |
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307 | E1 = 0.38; |
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308 | A2 = 1.07; |
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309 | B2 = 14.6; |
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310 | C2 = 0.60; |
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311 | D2 = 0.04; |
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312 | alphaConst = 0.64; |
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313 | } |
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314 | |
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315 | const G4double n = 2.; |
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316 | const G4double Gj[5] = {0.99, 1.11, 1.11, 0.52, 1.}; |
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317 | |
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318 | G4DNAGenericIonsManager* instance; |
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319 | instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance(); |
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320 | |
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321 | G4double wBig = (energyTransfer - waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex)); |
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322 | G4double w = wBig / waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex); |
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323 | G4double Ry = 13.6*eV; |
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324 | |
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325 | G4double tau = 0.; |
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326 | |
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327 | if (particleDefinition == G4Proton::ProtonDefinition() |
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328 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) |
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329 | { |
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330 | tau = (electron_mass_c2/proton_mass_c2) * k ; |
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331 | } |
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332 | |
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333 | if ( particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium") |
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334 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+") |
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335 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha++")) |
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336 | { |
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337 | tau = (0.511/3728.) * k ; |
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338 | } |
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339 | |
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340 | G4double S = 4.*pi * Bohr_radius*Bohr_radius * n * std::pow((Ry/waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex)),2); |
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341 | G4double v2 = tau / waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex); |
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342 | G4double v = std::sqrt(v2); |
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343 | G4double wc = 4.*v2 - 2.*v - (Ry/(4.*waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex))); |
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344 | |
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345 | G4double L1 = (C1* std::pow(v,(D1))) / (1.+ E1*std::pow(v, (D1+4.))); |
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346 | G4double L2 = C2*std::pow(v,(D2)); |
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347 | G4double H1 = (A1*std::log(1.+v2)) / (v2+(B1/v2)); |
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348 | G4double H2 = (A2/v2) + (B2/(v2*v2)); |
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349 | |
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350 | G4double F1 = L1+H1; |
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351 | G4double F2 = (L2*H2)/(L2+H2); |
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352 | |
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353 | G4double sigma = CorrectionFactor(particleDefinition, k/eV) |
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354 | * Gj[j] * (S/waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex)) |
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355 | * ( (F1+w*F2) / ( std::pow((1.+w),3) * ( 1.+std::exp(alphaConst*(w-wc)/v))) ); |
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356 | |
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357 | if ( particleDefinition == G4Proton::ProtonDefinition() |
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358 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen") |
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359 | ) |
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360 | { |
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361 | return(sigma); |
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362 | } |
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363 | |
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364 | if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha++") ) |
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365 | { |
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366 | slaterEffectiveCharge[0]=0.; |
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367 | slaterEffectiveCharge[1]=0.; |
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368 | slaterEffectiveCharge[2]=0.; |
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369 | sCoefficient[0]=0.; |
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370 | sCoefficient[1]=0.; |
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371 | sCoefficient[2]=0.; |
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372 | } |
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373 | |
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374 | if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+") ) |
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375 | { |
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376 | slaterEffectiveCharge[0]=2.0; |
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377 | slaterEffectiveCharge[1]=1.15; |
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378 | slaterEffectiveCharge[2]=1.15; |
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379 | sCoefficient[0]=0.7; |
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380 | sCoefficient[1]=0.15; |
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381 | sCoefficient[2]=0.15; |
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382 | } |
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383 | |
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384 | if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium") ) |
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385 | { |
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386 | slaterEffectiveCharge[0]=1.7; |
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387 | slaterEffectiveCharge[1]=1.15; |
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388 | slaterEffectiveCharge[2]=1.15; |
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389 | sCoefficient[0]=0.5; |
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390 | sCoefficient[1]=0.25; |
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391 | sCoefficient[2]=0.25; |
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392 | } |
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393 | |
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394 | if ( particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("helium") |
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395 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha+") |
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396 | || particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("alpha++") |
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397 | ) |
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398 | { |
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399 | sigma = Gj[j] * (S/waterStructure.IonisationEnergy(ionizationLevelIndex)) * ( (F1+w*F2) / ( std::pow((1.+w),3) * ( 1.+std::exp(alphaConst*(w-wc)/v))) ); |
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400 | |
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401 | G4double zEff = particleDefinition->GetPDGCharge() / eplus + particleDefinition->GetLeptonNumber(); |
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402 | |
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403 | zEff -= ( sCoefficient[0] * S_1s(k, energyTransfer, slaterEffectiveCharge[0], 1.) + |
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404 | sCoefficient[1] * S_2s(k, energyTransfer, slaterEffectiveCharge[1], 2.) + |
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405 | sCoefficient[2] * S_2p(k, energyTransfer, slaterEffectiveCharge[2], 2.) ); |
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406 | |
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407 | return zEff * zEff * sigma ; |
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408 | } |
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409 | |
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410 | return 0; |
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411 | } |
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412 | |
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413 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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414 | |
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415 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::S_1s(G4double t, |
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416 | G4double energyTransferred, |
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417 | G4double slaterEffectiveChg, |
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418 | G4double shellNumber) |
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419 | { |
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420 | // 1 - e^(-2r) * ( 1 + 2 r + 2 r^2) |
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421 | // Dingfelder, in Chattanooga 2005 proceedings, formula (7) |
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422 | |
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423 | G4double r = R(t, energyTransferred, slaterEffectiveChg, shellNumber); |
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424 | G4double value = 1. - std::exp(-2 * r) * ( ( 2. * r + 2. ) * r + 1. ); |
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425 | |
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426 | return value; |
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427 | } |
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428 | |
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429 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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430 | |
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431 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::S_2s(G4double t, |
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432 | G4double energyTransferred, |
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433 | G4double slaterEffectiveChg, |
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434 | G4double shellNumber) |
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435 | { |
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436 | // 1 - e^(-2 r) * ( 1 + 2 r + 2 r^2 + 2 r^4) |
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437 | // Dingfelder, in Chattanooga 2005 proceedings, formula (8) |
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438 | |
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439 | G4double r = R(t, energyTransferred, slaterEffectiveChg, shellNumber); |
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440 | G4double value = 1. - std::exp(-2 * r) * (((2. * r * r + 2.) * r + 2.) * r + 1.); |
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441 | |
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442 | return value; |
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443 | |
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444 | } |
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445 | |
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446 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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447 | |
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448 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::S_2p(G4double t, |
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449 | G4double energyTransferred, |
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450 | G4double slaterEffectiveChg, |
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451 | G4double shellNumber) |
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452 | { |
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453 | // 1 - e^(-2 r) * ( 1 + 2 r + 2 r^2 + 4/3 r^3 + 2/3 r^4) |
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454 | // Dingfelder, in Chattanooga 2005 proceedings, formula (9) |
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455 | |
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456 | G4double r = R(t, energyTransferred, slaterEffectiveChg, shellNumber); |
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457 | G4double value = 1. - std::exp(-2 * r) * (((( 2./3. * r + 4./3.) * r + 2.) * r + 2.) * r + 1.); |
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458 | |
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459 | return value; |
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460 | } |
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461 | |
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462 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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463 | |
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464 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::R(G4double t, |
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465 | G4double energyTransferred, |
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466 | G4double slaterEffectiveChg, |
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467 | G4double shellNumber) |
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468 | { |
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469 | // tElectron = m_electron / m_alpha * t |
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470 | // Dingfelder, in Chattanooga 2005 proceedings, p 4 |
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471 | |
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472 | G4double tElectron = 0.511/3728. * t; |
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473 | G4double value = 2. * tElectron * slaterEffectiveChg / (energyTransferred * shellNumber); |
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474 | |
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475 | return value; |
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476 | } |
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477 | |
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478 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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479 | |
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480 | G4double G4FinalStateIonisationRudd::CorrectionFactor(G4ParticleDefinition* particleDefinition, G4double k) |
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481 | { |
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482 | G4DNAGenericIonsManager *instance; |
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483 | instance = G4DNAGenericIonsManager::Instance(); |
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484 | |
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485 | if (particleDefinition == G4Proton::Proton()) |
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486 | { |
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487 | return(1.); |
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488 | } |
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489 | else |
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490 | if (particleDefinition == instance->GetIon("hydrogen")) |
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491 | { |
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492 | G4double value = (std::log(k/eV)-4.2)/0.5; |
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493 | return((0.8/(1+std::exp(value))) + 0.9); |
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494 | } |
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495 | else |
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496 | { |
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497 | return(1.); |
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498 | } |
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499 | } |
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