1 | // |
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2 | // ******************************************************************** |
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3 | // * License and Disclaimer * |
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9 | // * include a list of copyright holders. * |
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10 | // * * |
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11 | // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * |
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13 | // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * |
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14 | // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * |
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15 | // * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * |
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17 | // * * |
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18 | // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * |
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19 | // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * |
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20 | // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * |
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21 | // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * |
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22 | // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * |
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23 | // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * |
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24 | // ******************************************************************** |
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25 | // |
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26 | // |
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27 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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28 | // |
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29 | // GEANT4 Class file |
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30 | // |
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31 | // |
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32 | // File name: G4hIonEffChargeSquare |
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33 | // |
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34 | // Author: V.Ivanchenko (Vladimir.Ivanchenko@cern.ch) |
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35 | // |
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36 | // Creation date: 20 July 2000 |
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37 | // |
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38 | // Modifications: |
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39 | // 20/07/2000 V.Ivanchenko First implementation |
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40 | // 18/06/2001 V.Ivanchenko Continuation for eff.charge (small change of y) |
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41 | // 08/10/2002 V.Ivanchenko The charge of the nucleus is used not charge of |
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42 | // DynamicParticle |
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43 | // |
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44 | // Class Description: |
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45 | // |
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46 | // Ion effective charge model |
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47 | // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds, |
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48 | // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228. |
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49 | // |
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50 | // Class Description: End |
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51 | // |
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52 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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53 | // |
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54 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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55 | |
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56 | #include "G4hIonEffChargeSquare.hh" |
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57 | #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh" |
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58 | #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh" |
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59 | #include "G4Material.hh" |
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60 | #include "G4Element.hh" |
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61 | |
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62 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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63 | |
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64 | G4hIonEffChargeSquare::G4hIonEffChargeSquare(const G4String& name) |
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65 | : G4VLowEnergyModel(name), |
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66 | theHeMassAMU(4.0026) |
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67 | {;} |
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68 | |
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69 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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70 | |
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71 | G4hIonEffChargeSquare::~G4hIonEffChargeSquare() |
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72 | {;} |
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73 | |
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74 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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75 | |
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76 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::TheValue(const G4DynamicParticle* particle, |
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77 | const G4Material* material) |
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78 | { |
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79 | G4double energy = particle->GetKineticEnergy() ; |
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80 | G4double particleMass = particle->GetMass() ; |
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81 | G4double charge = (particle->GetDefinition()->GetPDGCharge())/eplus ; |
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82 | |
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83 | G4double q = IonEffChargeSquare(material,energy,particleMass,charge) ; |
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84 | |
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85 | return q ; |
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86 | } |
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87 | |
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88 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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89 | |
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90 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::TheValue(const G4ParticleDefinition* aParticle, |
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91 | const G4Material* material, |
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92 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
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93 | { |
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94 | // SetRateMass(aParticle) ; |
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95 | G4double particleMass = aParticle->GetPDGMass() ; |
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96 | G4double charge = (aParticle->GetPDGCharge())/eplus ; |
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97 | |
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98 | G4double q = IonEffChargeSquare(material,kineticEnergy,particleMass,charge) ; |
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99 | |
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100 | return q ; |
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101 | } |
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102 | |
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103 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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104 | |
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105 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::HighEnergyLimit( |
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106 | const G4ParticleDefinition* , |
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107 | const G4Material* ) const |
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108 | { |
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109 | return 1.0*TeV ; |
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110 | } |
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111 | |
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112 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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113 | |
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114 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::LowEnergyLimit( |
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115 | const G4ParticleDefinition* , |
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116 | const G4Material* ) const |
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117 | { |
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118 | return 0.0 ; |
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119 | } |
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120 | |
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121 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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122 | |
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123 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::HighEnergyLimit( |
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124 | const G4ParticleDefinition* ) const |
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125 | { |
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126 | return 1.0*TeV ; |
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127 | } |
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128 | |
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129 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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130 | |
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131 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::LowEnergyLimit( |
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132 | const G4ParticleDefinition* ) const |
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133 | { |
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134 | return 0.0 ; |
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135 | } |
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136 | |
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137 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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138 | |
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139 | G4bool G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IsInCharge(const G4DynamicParticle* , |
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140 | const G4Material* ) const |
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141 | { |
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142 | return true ; |
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143 | } |
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144 | |
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145 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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146 | |
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147 | G4bool G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IsInCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* , |
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148 | const G4Material* ) const |
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149 | { |
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150 | return true ; |
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151 | } |
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152 | |
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153 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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154 | |
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155 | G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IonEffChargeSquare( |
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156 | const G4Material* material, |
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157 | G4double kineticEnergy, |
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158 | G4double particleMass, |
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159 | G4double ionCharge) const |
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160 | { |
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161 | // The aproximation of ion effective charge from: |
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162 | // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark |
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163 | // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, |
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164 | // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985 |
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165 | |
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166 | // Fast ions or hadrons |
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167 | G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * proton_mass_c2/particleMass ; |
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168 | if(reducedEnergy < 1.0*keV) reducedEnergy = 1.0*keV; |
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169 | if( (reducedEnergy > ionCharge * 10.0 * MeV) || |
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170 | (ionCharge < 1.5) ) return ionCharge*ionCharge ; |
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171 | |
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172 | static G4double vFermi[92] = { |
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173 | 1.0309, 0.15976, 0.59782, 1.0781, 1.0486, 1.0, 1.058, 0.93942, 0.74562, 0.3424, |
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174 | 0.45259, 0.71074, 0.90519, 0.97411, 0.97184, 0.89852, 0.70827, 0.39816, 0.36552, 0.62712, |
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175 | 0.81707, 0.9943, 1.1423, 1.2381, 1.1222, 0.92705, 1.0047, 1.2, 1.0661, 0.97411, |
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176 | 0.84912, 0.95, 1.0903, 1.0429, 0.49715, 0.37755, 0.35211, 0.57801, 0.77773, 1.0207, |
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177 | 1.029, 1.2542, 1.122, 1.1241, 1.0882, 1.2709, 1.2542, 0.90094, 0.74093, 0.86054, |
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178 | 0.93155, 1.0047, 0.55379, 0.43289, 0.32636, 0.5131, 0.695, 0.72591, 0.71202, 0.67413, |
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179 | 0.71418, 0.71453, 0.5911, 0.70263, 0.68049, 0.68203, 0.68121, 0.68532, 0.68715, 0.61884, |
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180 | 0.71801, 0.83048, 1.1222, 1.2381, 1.045, 1.0733, 1.0953, 1.2381, 1.2879, 0.78654, |
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181 | 0.66401, 0.84912, 0.88433, 0.80746, 0.43357, 0.41923, 0.43638, 0.51464, 0.73087, 0.81065, |
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182 | 1.9578, 1.0257} ; |
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183 | |
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184 | static G4double lFactor[92] = { |
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185 | 1.0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.06, 1.01, 1.03, 1.04, 0.99, 0.95, 0.9, |
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186 | 0.82, 0.81, 0.83, 0.88, 1.0, 0.95, 0.97, 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, |
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187 | 0.98, 0.97, 0.96, 0.93, 0.91, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, |
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188 | 0.9, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, |
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189 | 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, |
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190 | 0.9, 0.9, 0.96, 1.2, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9, |
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191 | 0.92, 0.95, 0.99, 1.03, 1.05, 1.07, 1.08, 1.1, 1.08, 1.08, |
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192 | 1.08, 1.08, 1.09, 1.09, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, |
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193 | 1.17, 1.2, 1.18, 1.17, 1.17, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, |
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194 | 1.16, 1.16} ; |
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195 | |
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196 | static G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429, |
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197 | 0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475} ; |
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198 | |
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199 | // get elements in the actual material, |
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200 | const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector() ; |
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201 | const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector = |
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202 | material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector() ; |
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203 | const G4int NumberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements() ; |
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204 | |
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205 | // loop for the elements in the material |
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206 | // to find out average values Z, vF, lF |
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207 | G4double z = 0.0, vF = 0.0, lF = 0.0, norm = 0.0 ; |
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208 | |
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209 | if( 1 == NumberOfElements ) { |
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210 | z = material->GetZ() ; |
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211 | G4int iz = G4int(z) - 1 ; |
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212 | if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ; |
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213 | else if(iz > 91) iz = 91 ; |
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214 | vF = vFermi[iz] ; |
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215 | lF = lFactor[iz] ; |
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216 | |
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217 | } else { |
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218 | for (G4int iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; iel++) |
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219 | { |
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220 | const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[iel] ; |
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221 | G4double z2 = element->GetZ() ; |
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222 | const G4double weight = theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel] ; |
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223 | norm += weight ; |
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224 | z += z2 * weight ; |
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225 | G4int iz = G4int(z2) - 1 ; |
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226 | if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ; |
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227 | else if(iz > 91) iz =91 ; |
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228 | vF += vFermi[iz] * weight ; |
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229 | lF += lFactor[iz] * weight ; |
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230 | } |
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231 | z /= norm ; |
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232 | vF /= norm ; |
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233 | lF /= norm ; |
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234 | } |
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235 | |
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236 | // Helium ion case |
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237 | if( ionCharge < 2.5 ) { |
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238 | |
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239 | G4double e = std::log(std::max(1.0, kineticEnergy / (keV*theHeMassAMU) )) ; |
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240 | G4double x = c[0] ; |
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241 | G4double y = 1.0 ; |
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242 | for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) { |
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243 | y *= e ; |
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244 | x += y * c[i] ; |
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245 | } |
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246 | G4double q = 7.6 - e ; |
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247 | q = 1.0 + ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ) * std::exp( -q*q ) ; |
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248 | return 4.0 * q * q * (1.0 - std::exp(-x)) ; |
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249 | |
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250 | // Heavy ion case |
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251 | } else { |
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252 | |
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253 | // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit |
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254 | G4double v1 = std::sqrt( reducedEnergy / (25.0 * keV) )/ vF ; |
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255 | G4double y ; |
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256 | G4double z13 = std::pow(ionCharge, 0.3333) ; |
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257 | |
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258 | // Faster than Fermi velocity |
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259 | if ( v1 > 1.0 ) { |
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260 | y = vF * v1 * ( 1.0 + 0.2 / (v1*v1) ) / (z13*z13) ; |
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261 | |
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262 | // Slower than Fermi velocity |
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263 | } else { |
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264 | y = 0.6923 * vF * (1.0 + 2.0*v1*v1/3.0 + v1*v1*v1*v1/15.0) / (z13*z13) ; |
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265 | } |
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266 | |
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267 | G4double y3 = std::pow(y, 0.3) ; |
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268 | G4double q = 1.0 - std::exp( 0.803*y3 - 1.3167*y3*y3 - |
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269 | 0.38157*y - 0.008983*y*y ) ; |
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270 | if( q < 0.0 ) q = 0.0 ; |
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271 | |
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272 | G4double s = 7.6 - std::log(std::max(1.0, reducedEnergy/keV)) ; |
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273 | s = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z ) * std::exp( -s*s )/ (ionCharge*ionCharge) ; |
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274 | |
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275 | // Screen length according to |
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276 | // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds, |
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277 | // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228. |
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278 | |
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279 | G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF * std::pow(1.0-q, 0.6667) / (z13 * (6.0 + q)) ; |
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280 | G4double qeff = ionCharge * s * |
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281 | ( q + 0.5*(1.0-q) * std::log(1.0 + lambda*lambda) / (vF*vF) ) ; |
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282 | if( 0.1 > qeff ) qeff = 0.1 ; |
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283 | return qeff*qeff ; |
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284 | } |
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285 | } |
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286 | |
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287 | |
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