[819] | 1 | // |
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| 2 | // ******************************************************************** |
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| 3 | // * License and Disclaimer * |
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| 4 | // * * |
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| 5 | // * The Geant4 software is copyright of the Copyright Holders of * |
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| 6 | // * the Geant4 Collaboration. It is provided under the terms and * |
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| 7 | // * conditions of the Geant4 Software License, included in the file * |
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| 8 | // * LICENSE and available at http://cern.ch/geant4/license . These * |
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| 9 | // * include a list of copyright holders. * |
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| 10 | // * * |
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| 11 | // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * |
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| 12 | // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this * |
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| 13 | // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * |
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| 14 | // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * |
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| 15 | // * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * |
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| 16 | // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * |
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| 17 | // * * |
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| 18 | // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * |
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| 19 | // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * |
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| 20 | // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * |
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| 21 | // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * |
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| 22 | // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * |
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| 23 | // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * |
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| 24 | // ******************************************************************** |
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| 25 | // |
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| 26 | // |
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| 27 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 28 | // |
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| 29 | // GEANT4 Class file |
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| 30 | // |
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| 31 | // |
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| 32 | // File name: G4hParametrisedLossModel |
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| 33 | // |
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| 34 | // Author: V.Ivanchenko (Vladimir.Ivanchenko@cern.ch) |
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| 35 | // |
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| 36 | // Creation date: 20 July 2000 |
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| 37 | // |
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| 38 | // Modifications: |
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| 39 | // 20/07/2000 V.Ivanchenko First implementation |
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| 40 | // 18/08/2000 V.Ivanchenko TRIM85 model is added |
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| 41 | // 03/10/2000 V.Ivanchenko CodeWizard clean up |
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| 42 | // 10/05/2001 V.Ivanchenko Clean up againist Linux compilation with -Wall |
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| 43 | // 30/12/2003 V.Ivanchenko SRIM2003 model is added |
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| 44 | // 07/05/2004 V.Ivanchenko Fix Graphite problem, add QAO model |
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| 45 | // |
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| 46 | // Class Description: |
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| 47 | // |
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| 48 | // Low energy protons/ions electronic stopping power parametrisation |
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| 49 | // |
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| 50 | // Class Description: End |
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| 51 | // |
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| 52 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 53 | // |
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| 54 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 55 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | #include "G4hParametrisedLossModel.hh" |
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| 58 | #include "G4UnitsTable.hh" |
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| 59 | #include "globals.hh" |
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| 60 | #include "G4hZiegler1977p.hh" |
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| 61 | #include "G4hZiegler1977He.hh" |
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| 62 | #include "G4hZiegler1985p.hh" |
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| 63 | #include "G4hSRIM2000p.hh" |
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| 64 | //#include "G4hQAOModel.hh" |
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| 65 | #include "G4hICRU49p.hh" |
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| 66 | #include "G4hICRU49He.hh" |
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| 67 | #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh" |
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| 68 | #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh" |
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| 69 | #include "G4ElementVector.hh" |
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| 70 | #include "G4Material.hh" |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | G4hParametrisedLossModel::G4hParametrisedLossModel(const G4String& name) |
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| 75 | :G4VLowEnergyModel(name), modelName(name) |
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| 76 | { |
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| 77 | InitializeMe(); |
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| 78 | } |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | void G4hParametrisedLossModel::InitializeMe() |
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| 83 | { |
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| 84 | theZieglerFactor = eV*cm2*1.0e-15 ; |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | // Registration of parametrisation models |
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| 87 | G4String blank = G4String(" ") ; |
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| 88 | G4String zi77p = G4String("Ziegler1977p") ; |
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| 89 | G4String zi77He = G4String("Ziegler1977He") ; |
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| 90 | G4String ir49p = G4String("ICRU_R49p") ; |
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| 91 | G4String ir49He = G4String("ICRU_R49He") ; |
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| 92 | G4String zi85p = G4String("Ziegler1985p") ; |
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| 93 | G4String zi00p = G4String("SRIM2000p") ; |
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| 94 | G4String qao = G4String("QAO") ; |
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| 95 | if(zi77p == modelName) { |
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| 96 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hZiegler1977p(); |
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| 97 | highEnergyLimit = 100.0*MeV; |
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| 98 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV; |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | } else if(zi77He == modelName) { |
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| 101 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hZiegler1977He(); |
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| 102 | highEnergyLimit = 10.0*MeV/4.0; |
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| 103 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV/4.0; |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | } else if(zi85p == modelName) { |
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| 106 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hZiegler1985p(); |
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| 107 | highEnergyLimit = 100.0*MeV; |
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| 108 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV; |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | } else if(zi00p == modelName ) { |
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| 111 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hSRIM2000p(); |
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| 112 | highEnergyLimit = 100.0*MeV; |
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| 113 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV; |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | } else if(ir49p == modelName || blank == modelName) { |
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| 116 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hICRU49p(); |
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| 117 | highEnergyLimit = 2.0*MeV; |
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| 118 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV; |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | } else if(ir49He == modelName) { |
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| 121 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hICRU49He(); |
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| 122 | highEnergyLimit = 10.0*MeV/4.0; |
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| 123 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV/4.0; |
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| 124 | /* |
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| 125 | } else if(qao == modelName) { |
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| 126 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hQAOModel(); |
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| 127 | highEnergyLimit = 2.0*MeV; |
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| 128 | lowEnergyLimit = 5.0*keV; |
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| 129 | */ |
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| 130 | } else { |
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| 131 | eStopingPowerTable = new G4hICRU49p(); |
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| 132 | highEnergyLimit = 2.0*MeV; |
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| 133 | lowEnergyLimit = 1.0*keV; |
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| 134 | G4cout << "G4hParametrisedLossModel Warning: <" << modelName |
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| 135 | << "> is unknown - default <" |
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| 136 | << ir49p << ">" << " is used for Electronic Stopping" |
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| 137 | << G4endl; |
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| 138 | modelName = ir49p; |
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| 139 | } |
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| 140 | /* |
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| 141 | G4cout << "G4hParametrisedLossModel: the model <" |
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| 142 | << modelName << ">" << " is used for Electronic Stopping" |
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| 143 | << G4endl; |
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| 144 | */ |
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| 145 | } |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | G4hParametrisedLossModel::~G4hParametrisedLossModel() |
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| 150 | { |
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| 151 | delete eStopingPowerTable; |
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| 152 | } |
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| 153 | |
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| 154 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 155 | |
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| 156 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::TheValue(const G4DynamicParticle* particle, |
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| 157 | const G4Material* material) |
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| 158 | { |
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| 159 | G4double scaledEnergy = (particle->GetKineticEnergy()) |
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| 160 | * proton_mass_c2/(particle->GetMass()); |
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| 161 | G4double factor = theZieglerFactor; |
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| 162 | if (scaledEnergy < lowEnergyLimit) { |
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| 163 | if (modelName != "QAO") factor *= std::sqrt(scaledEnergy/lowEnergyLimit); |
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| 164 | scaledEnergy = lowEnergyLimit; |
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| 165 | } |
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| 166 | G4double eloss = StoppingPower(material,scaledEnergy) * factor; |
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| 167 | |
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| 168 | return eloss; |
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| 169 | } |
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| 170 | |
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| 171 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 172 | |
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| 173 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::TheValue(const G4ParticleDefinition* aParticle, |
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| 174 | const G4Material* material, |
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| 175 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
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| 176 | { |
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| 177 | G4double scaledEnergy = kineticEnergy |
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| 178 | * proton_mass_c2/(aParticle->GetPDGMass()); |
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| 179 | |
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| 180 | G4double factor = theZieglerFactor; |
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| 181 | if (scaledEnergy < lowEnergyLimit) { |
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| 182 | if (modelName != "QAO") factor *= std::sqrt(scaledEnergy/lowEnergyLimit); |
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| 183 | scaledEnergy = lowEnergyLimit; |
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| 184 | } |
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| 185 | G4double eloss = StoppingPower(material,scaledEnergy) * factor; |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | return eloss; |
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| 188 | } |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::LowEnergyLimit(const G4ParticleDefinition* , |
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| 193 | const G4Material*) const |
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| 194 | { |
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| 195 | return lowEnergyLimit; |
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| 196 | } |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::HighEnergyLimit(const G4ParticleDefinition* , |
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| 201 | const G4Material*) const |
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| 202 | { |
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| 203 | return highEnergyLimit; |
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| 204 | } |
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| 205 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::LowEnergyLimit(const G4ParticleDefinition* ) const |
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| 208 | { |
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| 209 | return lowEnergyLimit; |
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| 210 | } |
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| 211 | |
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| 212 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::HighEnergyLimit(const G4ParticleDefinition* ) const |
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| 215 | { |
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| 216 | return highEnergyLimit; |
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| 217 | } |
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| 218 | |
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| 219 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 220 | |
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| 221 | G4bool G4hParametrisedLossModel::IsInCharge(const G4DynamicParticle* , |
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| 222 | const G4Material*) const |
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| 223 | { |
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| 224 | return true; |
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| 225 | } |
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| 226 | |
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| 227 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | G4bool G4hParametrisedLossModel::IsInCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* , |
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| 230 | const G4Material*) const |
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| 231 | { |
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| 232 | return true; |
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| 233 | } |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::StoppingPower(const G4Material* material, |
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| 238 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
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| 239 | { |
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| 240 | G4double eloss = 0.0; |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | const G4int numberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements() ; |
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| 243 | const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector = |
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| 244 | material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector() ; |
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| 245 | |
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| 246 | |
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| 247 | // compound material with parametrisation |
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| 248 | if( (eStopingPowerTable->HasMaterial(material)) ) { |
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| 249 | |
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| 250 | eloss = eStopingPowerTable->StoppingPower(material, kineticEnergy); |
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| 251 | if ("QAO" != modelName) { |
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| 252 | eloss *= material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume(); |
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| 253 | if(1 < numberOfElements) { |
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| 254 | G4int nAtoms = 0; |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | const G4int* theAtomsVector = material->GetAtomsVector(); |
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| 257 | for (G4int iel=0; iel<numberOfElements; iel++) { |
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| 258 | nAtoms += theAtomsVector[iel]; |
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| 259 | } |
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| 260 | eloss /= nAtoms; |
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| 261 | } |
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| 262 | } |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | // pure material |
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| 265 | } else if(1 == numberOfElements) { |
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| 266 | |
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| 267 | G4double z = material->GetZ(); |
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| 268 | eloss = (eStopingPowerTable->ElectronicStoppingPower(z, kineticEnergy)) |
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| 269 | * (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume()) ; |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | // Experimental data exist only for kinetic energy 125 keV |
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| 272 | } else if( MolecIsInZiegler1988(material)) { |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | // Cycle over elements - calculation based on Bragg's rule |
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| 275 | G4double eloss125 = 0.0 ; |
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| 276 | const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = |
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| 277 | material->GetElementVector() ; |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | |
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| 280 | // loop for the elements in the material |
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| 281 | for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; i++) { |
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| 282 | const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ; |
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| 283 | G4double z = element->GetZ() ; |
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| 284 | eloss +=(eStopingPowerTable->ElectronicStoppingPower(z,kineticEnergy)) |
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| 285 | * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i] ; |
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| 286 | eloss125 +=(eStopingPowerTable->ElectronicStoppingPower(z,125.0*keV)) |
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| 287 | * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i] ; |
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| 288 | } |
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | // Chemical factor is taken into account |
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| 291 | eloss *= ChemicalFactor(kineticEnergy, eloss125) ; |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | // Brugg's rule calculation |
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| 294 | } else { |
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| 295 | const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = |
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| 296 | material->GetElementVector() ; |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | // loop for the elements in the material |
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| 299 | for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; i++) |
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| 300 | { |
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| 301 | const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ; |
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| 302 | G4double z = element->GetZ() ; |
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| 303 | eloss += (eStopingPowerTable->ElectronicStoppingPower(z,kineticEnergy)) |
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| 304 | * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i]; |
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| 305 | } |
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| 306 | } |
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| 307 | return eloss; |
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| 308 | } |
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| 309 | |
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| 310 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | G4bool G4hParametrisedLossModel::MolecIsInZiegler1988( |
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| 313 | const G4Material* material) |
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| 314 | { |
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| 315 | // The list of molecules from |
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| 316 | // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds, |
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| 317 | // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228. |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | G4String myFormula = G4String(" ") ; |
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| 320 | const G4String chFormula = material->GetChemicalFormula() ; |
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| 321 | if (myFormula == chFormula ) return false ; |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | // There are no evidence for difference of stopping power depended on |
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| 324 | // phase of the compound except for water. The stopping power of the |
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| 325 | // water in gas phase can be predicted using Bragg's rule. |
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| 326 | // |
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| 327 | // No chemical factor for water-gas |
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| 328 | |
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| 329 | myFormula = G4String("H_2O") ; |
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| 330 | const G4State theState = material->GetState() ; |
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| 331 | if( theState == kStateGas && myFormula == chFormula) return false ; |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | const size_t numberOfMolecula = 53 ; |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | // The coffecient from Table.4 of Ziegler & Manoyan |
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| 336 | const G4double HeEff = 2.8735 ; |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | static G4String name[numberOfMolecula] = { |
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| 339 | "H_2O", "C_2H_4O", "C_3H_6O", "C_2H_2", "C_H_3OH", |
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| 340 | "C_2H_5OH", "C_3H_7OH", "C_3H_4", "NH_3", "C_14H_10", |
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| 341 | "C_6H_6", "C_4H_10", "C_4H_6", "C_4H_8O", "CCl_4", |
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| 342 | "CF_4", "C_6H_8", "C_6H_12", "C_6H_10O", "C_6H_10", |
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| 343 | "C_8H_16", "C_5H_10", "C_5H_8", "C_3H_6-Cyclopropane","C_2H_4F_2", |
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| 344 | "C_2H_2F_2", "C_4H_8O_2", "C_2H_6", "C_2F_6", "C_2H_6O", |
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| 345 | "C_3H_6O", "C_4H_10O", "C_2H_4", "C_2H_4O", "C_2H_4S", |
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| 346 | "SH_2", "CH_4", "CCLF_3", "CCl_2F_2", "CHCl_2F", |
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| 347 | "(CH_3)_2S", "N_2O", "C_5H_10O", "C_8H_6", "(CH_2)_N", |
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| 348 | "(C_3H_6)_N","(C_8H_8)_N", "C_3H_8", "C_3H_6-Propylene", "C_3H_6O", |
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| 349 | "C_3H_6S", "C_4H_4S", "C_7H_8" |
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| 350 | } ; |
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| 351 | |
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| 352 | static G4double expStopping[numberOfMolecula] = { |
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| 353 | 66.1, 190.4, 258.7, 42.2, 141.5, |
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| 354 | 210.9, 279.6, 198.8, 31.0, 267.5, |
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| 355 | 122.8, 311.4, 260.3, 328.9, 391.3, |
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| 356 | 206.6, 374.0, 422.0, 432.0, 398.0, |
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| 357 | 554.0, 353.0, 326.0, 74.6, 220.5, |
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| 358 | 197.4, 362.0, 170.0, 330.5, 211.3, |
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| 359 | 262.3, 349.6, 51.3, 187.0, 236.9, |
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| 360 | 121.9, 35.8, 247.0, 292.6, 268.0, |
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| 361 | 262.3, 49.0, 398.9, 444.0, 22.91, |
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| 362 | 68.0, 155.0, 84.0, 74.2, 254.7, |
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| 363 | 306.8, 324.4, 420.0 |
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| 364 | } ; |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | static G4double expCharge[numberOfMolecula] = { |
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| 367 | HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0, HeEff, |
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| 368 | HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0, 1.0, |
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| 369 | 1.0, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, |
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| 370 | HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, |
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| 371 | HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0, HeEff, |
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| 372 | HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, |
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| 373 | HeEff, HeEff, 1.0, HeEff, HeEff, |
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| 374 | HeEff, 1.0, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, |
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| 375 | HeEff, 1.0, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0, |
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| 376 | 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, HeEff, |
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| 377 | HeEff, HeEff, HeEff |
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| 378 | } ; |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | static G4double numberOfAtomsPerMolecula[numberOfMolecula] = { |
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| 381 | 3.0, 7.0, 10.0, 4.0, 6.0, |
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| 382 | 9.0, 12.0, 7.0, 4.0, 24.0, |
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| 383 | 12.0, 14.0, 10.0, 13.0, 5.0, |
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| 384 | 5.0, 14.0, 18.0, 17.0, 17.0, |
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| 385 | 24.0, 15.0, 13.0, 9.0, 8.0, |
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| 386 | 6.0, 14.0, 8.0, 8.0, 9.0, |
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| 387 | 10.0, 15.0, 6.0, 7.0, 7.0, |
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| 388 | 3.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, |
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| 389 | 9.0, 3.0, 16.0, 14.0, 3.0, |
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| 390 | 9.0, 16.0, 11.0, 9.0, 10.0, |
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| 391 | 10.0, 9.0, 15.0 |
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| 392 | } ; |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | // Search for the compaund in the table |
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| 395 | for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; i++) |
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| 396 | { |
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| 397 | if(chFormula == name[i]) { |
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| 398 | G4double exp125 = expStopping[i] * |
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| 399 | (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume()) / |
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| 400 | (expCharge[i] * numberOfAtomsPerMolecula[i]) ; |
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| 401 | SetExpStopPower125(exp125) ; |
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| 402 | return true ; |
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| 403 | } |
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| 404 | } |
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| 405 | |
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| 406 | return false ; |
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| 407 | } |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 410 | |
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| 411 | G4double G4hParametrisedLossModel::ChemicalFactor( |
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| 412 | G4double kineticEnergy, G4double eloss125) const |
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| 413 | { |
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| 414 | // Approximation of Chemical Factor according to |
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| 415 | // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds, |
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| 416 | // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228. |
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| 417 | |
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| 418 | G4double gamma = 1.0 + kineticEnergy/proton_mass_c2 ; |
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| 419 | G4double gamma25 = 1.0 + 25.0*keV /proton_mass_c2 ; |
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| 420 | G4double gamma125 = 1.0 + 125.0*keV/proton_mass_c2 ; |
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| 421 | G4double beta = std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0/(gamma*gamma)) ; |
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| 422 | G4double beta25 = std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0/(gamma25*gamma25)) ; |
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| 423 | G4double beta125 = std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0/(gamma125*gamma125)) ; |
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| 424 | |
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| 425 | G4double factor = 1.0 + (expStopPower125/eloss125 - 1.0) * |
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| 426 | (1.0 + std::exp( 1.48 * ( beta125/beta25 - 7.0 ) ) ) / |
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| 427 | (1.0 + std::exp( 1.48 * ( beta/beta25 - 7.0 ) ) ) ; |
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| 428 | |
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| 429 | return factor ; |
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| 430 | } |
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| 431 | |
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| 432 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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