[819] | 1 | // |
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| 2 | // ******************************************************************** |
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| 3 | // * License and Disclaimer * |
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| 4 | // * * |
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| 5 | // * The Geant4 software is copyright of the Copyright Holders of * |
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| 6 | // * the Geant4 Collaboration. It is provided under the terms and * |
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| 7 | // * conditions of the Geant4 Software License, included in the file * |
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| 8 | // * LICENSE and available at http://cern.ch/geant4/license . These * |
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| 9 | // * include a list of copyright holders. * |
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| 10 | // * * |
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| 11 | // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * |
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| 12 | // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this * |
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| 13 | // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * |
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| 14 | // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * |
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| 15 | // * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * |
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| 16 | // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * |
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| 17 | // * * |
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| 18 | // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * |
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| 19 | // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * |
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| 20 | // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * |
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| 21 | // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * |
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| 22 | // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * |
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| 23 | // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * |
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| 24 | // ******************************************************************** |
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| 25 | // |
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[961] | 26 | // $Id: G4BraggIonModel.cc,v 1.23 2009/02/20 12:06:37 vnivanch Exp $ |
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| 27 | // GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-02-ref-02 $ |
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[819] | 28 | // |
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| 29 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 30 | // |
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| 31 | // GEANT4 Class file |
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| 32 | // |
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| 33 | // |
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| 34 | // File name: G4BraggIonModel |
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| 35 | // |
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| 36 | // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko |
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| 37 | // |
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| 38 | // Creation date: 13.10.2004 |
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| 39 | // |
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| 40 | // Modifications: |
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| 41 | // 11-05-05 Major optimisation of internal interfaces (V.Ivantchenko) |
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| 42 | // 29-11-05 Do not use G4Alpha class (V.Ivantchenko) |
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| 43 | // 15-02-06 ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron, ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom (mma) |
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| 44 | // 25-04-06 Add stopping data from ASTAR (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 45 | // 23-10-06 Reduce lowestKinEnergy to 0.25 keV (V.Ivanchenko) |
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[961] | 46 | // 12-08-08 Added methods GetParticleCharge, GetChargeSquareRatio, |
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| 47 | // CorrectionsAlongStep needed for ions(V.Ivanchenko) |
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[819] | 48 | // |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | // Class Description: |
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| 51 | // |
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| 52 | // Implementation of energy loss and delta-electron production by |
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| 53 | // slow charged heavy particles |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 56 | // |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | |
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| 59 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 60 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 61 | |
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| 62 | #include "G4BraggIonModel.hh" |
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| 63 | #include "Randomize.hh" |
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| 64 | #include "G4Electron.hh" |
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| 65 | #include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh" |
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[961] | 66 | #include "G4LossTableManager.hh" |
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| 67 | #include "G4EmCorrections.hh" |
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[819] | 68 | |
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| 69 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | using namespace std; |
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| 72 | |
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| 73 | G4BraggIonModel::G4BraggIonModel(const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 74 | const G4String& nam) |
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| 75 | : G4VEmModel(nam), |
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[961] | 76 | corr(0), |
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| 77 | particle(0), |
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| 78 | fParticleChange(0), |
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| 79 | iMolecula(0), |
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| 80 | isIon(false), |
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| 81 | isInitialised(false) |
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[819] | 82 | { |
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| 83 | if(p) SetParticle(p); |
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[961] | 84 | SetHighEnergyLimit(2.0*MeV); |
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| 85 | |
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[819] | 86 | HeMass = 3.727417*GeV; |
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| 87 | rateMassHe2p = HeMass/proton_mass_c2; |
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| 88 | lowestKinEnergy = 1.0*keV/rateMassHe2p; |
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| 89 | massFactor = 1000.*amu_c2/HeMass; |
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| 90 | theZieglerFactor = eV*cm2*1.0e-15; |
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| 91 | theElectron = G4Electron::Electron(); |
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| 92 | } |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | G4BraggIonModel::~G4BraggIonModel() |
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| 97 | {} |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition*, |
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| 102 | const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple) |
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| 103 | { |
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| 104 | return couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy(); |
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| 105 | } |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | void G4BraggIonModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 110 | const G4DataVector&) |
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| 111 | { |
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| 112 | if(p != particle) SetParticle(p); |
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| 113 | |
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[961] | 114 | corrFactor = chargeSquare; |
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[819] | 115 | |
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[961] | 116 | // always false before the run |
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| 117 | SetDeexcitationFlag(false); |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | if(!isInitialised) { |
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| 120 | isInitialised = true; |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | G4String pname = particle->GetParticleName(); |
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| 123 | if(particle->GetParticleType() == "nucleus" && |
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| 124 | pname != "deuteron" && pname != "triton") isIon = true; |
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| 125 | |
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| 126 | corr = G4LossTableManager::Instance()->EmCorrections(); |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | if(!fParticleChange) { |
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| 129 | if(pParticleChange) { |
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| 130 | fParticleChange = |
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| 131 | reinterpret_cast<G4ParticleChangeForLoss*>(pParticleChange); |
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| 132 | } else { |
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| 133 | fParticleChange = new G4ParticleChangeForLoss(); |
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| 134 | } |
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| 135 | } |
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| 136 | } |
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[819] | 137 | } |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 140 | |
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[961] | 141 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 142 | const G4Material* mat, |
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| 143 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
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| 144 | { |
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| 145 | // this method is called only for ions |
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| 146 | G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,kineticEnergy); |
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| 147 | corrFactor = q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,kineticEnergy); |
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| 148 | return corrFactor; |
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| 149 | } |
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| 150 | |
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| 151 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 152 | |
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| 153 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 154 | const G4Material* mat, |
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| 155 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
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| 156 | { |
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| 157 | // this method is called only for ions |
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| 158 | return corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy); |
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| 159 | } |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 162 | |
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[819] | 163 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron( |
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| 164 | const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 165 | G4double kineticEnergy, |
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| 166 | G4double cutEnergy, |
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| 167 | G4double maxKinEnergy) |
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| 168 | { |
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| 169 | G4double cross = 0.0; |
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| 170 | G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy); |
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[961] | 171 | G4double maxEnergy = std::min(tmax,maxKinEnergy); |
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[819] | 172 | if(cutEnergy < tmax) { |
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| 173 | |
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| 174 | G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass; |
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| 175 | G4double energy2 = energy*energy; |
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| 176 | G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2; |
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| 177 | cross = 1.0/cutEnergy - 1.0/maxEnergy - beta2*log(maxEnergy/cutEnergy)/tmax; |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | cross *= twopi_mc2_rcl2*chargeSquare/beta2; |
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| 180 | } |
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| 181 | // G4cout << "BR: e= " << kineticEnergy << " tmin= " << cutEnergy |
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| 182 | // << " tmax= " << tmax << " cross= " << cross << G4endl; |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | return cross; |
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| 185 | } |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom( |
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| 190 | const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 191 | G4double kineticEnergy, |
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| 192 | G4double Z, G4double, |
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| 193 | G4double cutEnergy, |
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| 194 | G4double maxEnergy) |
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| 195 | { |
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| 196 | G4double cross = Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron |
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| 197 | (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy); |
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| 198 | return cross; |
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| 199 | } |
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| 200 | |
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| 201 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::CrossSectionPerVolume( |
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| 204 | const G4Material* material, |
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| 205 | const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 206 | G4double kineticEnergy, |
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| 207 | G4double cutEnergy, |
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| 208 | G4double maxEnergy) |
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| 209 | { |
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| 210 | G4double eDensity = material->GetElectronDensity(); |
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| 211 | G4double cross = eDensity*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron |
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| 212 | (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy); |
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| 213 | return cross; |
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| 214 | } |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material* material, |
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| 219 | const G4ParticleDefinition* p, |
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| 220 | G4double kineticEnergy, |
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| 221 | G4double cutEnergy) |
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| 222 | { |
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| 223 | G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy); |
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| 224 | G4double tmin = min(cutEnergy, tmax); |
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| 225 | G4double tkin = kineticEnergy/massRate; |
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| 226 | G4double dedx = 0.0; |
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| 227 | if(tkin > lowestKinEnergy) dedx = DEDX(material, tkin); |
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| 228 | else dedx = DEDX(material, lowestKinEnergy)*sqrt(tkin/lowestKinEnergy); |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | if (cutEnergy < tmax) { |
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| 231 | |
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| 232 | G4double tau = kineticEnergy/mass; |
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| 233 | G4double gam = tau + 1.0; |
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| 234 | G4double bg2 = tau * (tau+2.0); |
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| 235 | G4double beta2 = bg2/(gam*gam); |
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| 236 | G4double x = tmin/tmax; |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | dedx += (log(x) + (1.0 - x)*beta2) * twopi_mc2_rcl2 |
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| 239 | * (material->GetElectronDensity())/beta2; |
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| 240 | } |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | // now compute the total ionization loss |
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| 243 | |
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| 244 | if (dedx < 0.0) dedx = 0.0 ; |
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| 245 | |
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| 246 | dedx *= chargeSquare; |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | //G4cout << " tkin(MeV) = " << tkin/MeV << " dedx(MeVxcm^2/g) = " |
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| 249 | // << dedx*gram/(MeV*cm2*material->GetDensity()) |
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| 250 | // << " q2 = " << chargeSquare << G4endl; |
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| 251 | |
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| 252 | return dedx; |
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| 253 | } |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 256 | |
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[961] | 257 | void G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep(const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple, |
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| 258 | const G4DynamicParticle* dp, |
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| 259 | G4double& eloss, |
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| 260 | G4double&, |
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| 261 | G4double length) |
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| 262 | { |
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| 263 | // this method is called only for ions |
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| 264 | const G4ParticleDefinition* p = dp->GetDefinition(); |
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| 265 | const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial(); |
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| 266 | G4double preKinEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy(); |
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| 267 | G4double e = preKinEnergy - eloss*0.5; |
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| 268 | if(e < 0.0) e = preKinEnergy*0.5; |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,e); |
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| 271 | GetModelOfFluctuations()->SetParticleAndCharge(p, q2); |
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| 272 | eloss *= q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,e)/corrFactor; |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | if(nuclearStopping) { |
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| 275 | |
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| 276 | G4double nloss = length*corr->NuclearDEDX(p,mat,e,false); |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | // too big energy loss |
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| 279 | if(eloss + nloss > preKinEnergy) { |
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| 280 | nloss *= (preKinEnergy/(eloss + nloss)); |
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| 281 | eloss = preKinEnergy; |
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| 282 | } else { |
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| 283 | eloss += nloss; |
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| 284 | } |
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| 285 | /* |
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| 286 | G4cout << "G4ionIonisation::CorrectionsAlongStep: e= " << preKinEnergy |
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| 287 | << " de= " << eloss << " NIEL= " << nloss |
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| 288 | << " dynQ= " << dp->GetCharge()/eplus << G4endl; |
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| 289 | */ |
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| 290 | fParticleChange->ProposeNonIonizingEnergyDeposit(nloss); |
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| 291 | } |
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| 292 | } |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 295 | |
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[819] | 296 | void G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp, |
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| 297 | const G4MaterialCutsCouple*, |
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| 298 | const G4DynamicParticle* dp, |
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| 299 | G4double xmin, |
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| 300 | G4double maxEnergy) |
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| 301 | { |
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| 302 | G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(dp); |
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[961] | 303 | G4double xmax = std::min(tmax, maxEnergy); |
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[819] | 304 | if(xmin >= xmax) return; |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy(); |
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| 307 | G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass; |
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| 308 | G4double energy2 = energy*energy; |
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| 309 | G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2; |
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| 310 | G4double grej = 1.0; |
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| 311 | G4double deltaKinEnergy, f; |
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| 312 | |
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| 313 | G4ThreeVector direction = dp->GetMomentumDirection(); |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | // sampling follows ... |
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| 316 | do { |
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| 317 | G4double q = G4UniformRand(); |
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| 318 | deltaKinEnergy = xmin*xmax/(xmin*(1.0 - q) + xmax*q); |
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| 319 | |
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| 320 | f = 1.0 - beta2*deltaKinEnergy/tmax; |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | if(f > grej) { |
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| 323 | G4cout << "G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondary Warning! " |
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| 324 | << "Majorant " << grej << " < " |
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| 325 | << f << " for e= " << deltaKinEnergy |
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| 326 | << G4endl; |
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| 327 | } |
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| 328 | |
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| 329 | } while( grej*G4UniformRand() >= f ); |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | G4double deltaMomentum = |
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| 332 | sqrt(deltaKinEnergy * (deltaKinEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2)); |
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| 333 | G4double totMomentum = energy*sqrt(beta2); |
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| 334 | G4double cost = deltaKinEnergy * (energy + electron_mass_c2) / |
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| 335 | (deltaMomentum * totMomentum); |
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| 336 | if(cost > 1.0) cost = 1.0; |
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| 337 | G4double sint = sqrt((1.0 - cost)*(1.0 + cost)); |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | G4double phi = twopi * G4UniformRand() ; |
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| 340 | |
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| 341 | G4ThreeVector deltaDirection(sint*cos(phi),sint*sin(phi), cost) ; |
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| 342 | deltaDirection.rotateUz(direction); |
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| 343 | |
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| 344 | // create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray |
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| 345 | G4DynamicParticle* delta = new G4DynamicParticle(theElectron,deltaDirection, |
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| 346 | deltaKinEnergy); |
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| 347 | |
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| 348 | vdp->push_back(delta); |
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| 349 | |
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| 350 | // Change kinematics of primary particle |
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| 351 | kineticEnergy -= deltaKinEnergy; |
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| 352 | G4ThreeVector finalP = direction*totMomentum - deltaDirection*deltaMomentum; |
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| 353 | finalP = finalP.unit(); |
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| 354 | |
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| 355 | fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(kineticEnergy); |
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| 356 | fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(finalP); |
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| 357 | } |
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| 358 | |
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| 359 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 360 | |
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[961] | 361 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition* pd, |
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| 362 | G4double kinEnergy) |
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| 363 | { |
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| 364 | if(pd != particle) SetParticle(pd); |
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| 365 | G4double tau = kinEnergy/mass; |
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| 366 | G4double tmax = 2.0*electron_mass_c2*tau*(tau + 2.) / |
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| 367 | (1. + 2.0*(tau + 1.)*ratio + ratio*ratio); |
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| 368 | return tmax; |
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| 369 | } |
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| 370 | |
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| 371 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 372 | |
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[819] | 373 | G4bool G4BraggIonModel::HasMaterial(const G4Material* material) |
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| 374 | { |
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| 375 | const size_t numberOfMolecula = 11 ; |
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| 376 | SetMoleculaNumber(numberOfMolecula) ; |
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| 377 | G4String chFormula = material->GetChemicalFormula() ; |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler model for He. |
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| 380 | static G4String molName[numberOfMolecula] = { |
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| 381 | "CaF_2", "Cellulose_Nitrate", "LiF", "Policarbonate", |
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| 382 | "(C_2H_4)_N-Polyethylene", "(C_2H_4)_N-Polymethly_Methacralate", |
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| 383 | "Polysterene", "SiO_2", "NaI", "H_2O", |
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| 384 | "Graphite" } ; |
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| 385 | |
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| 386 | // Search for the material in the table |
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| 387 | for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; i++) { |
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| 388 | if (chFormula == molName[i]) { |
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| 389 | SetMoleculaNumber(i) ; |
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| 390 | return true ; |
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| 391 | } |
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| 392 | } |
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| 393 | return false ; |
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| 394 | } |
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| 395 | |
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| 396 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 397 | |
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| 398 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::StoppingPower(const G4Material* material, |
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| 399 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
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| 400 | { |
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| 401 | G4double ionloss = 0.0 ; |
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| 402 | |
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| 403 | if (iMolecula < 11) { |
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| 404 | |
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| 405 | // The data and the fit from: |
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| 406 | // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler's model for alpha |
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| 407 | // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV) |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ; |
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| 410 | |
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| 411 | static G4double a[11][5] = { |
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| 412 | {9.43672, 0.54398, 84.341, 1.3705, 57.422}, |
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| 413 | {67.1503, 0.41409, 404.512, 148.97, 20.99}, |
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| 414 | {5.11203, 0.453, 36.718, 50.6, 28.058}, |
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| 415 | {61.793, 0.48445, 361.537, 57.889, 50.674}, |
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| 416 | {7.83464, 0.49804, 160.452, 3.192, 0.71922}, |
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| 417 | {19.729, 0.52153, 162.341, 58.35, 25.668}, |
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| 418 | {26.4648, 0.50112, 188.913, 30.079, 16.509}, |
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| 419 | {7.8655, 0.5205, 63.96, 51.32, 67.775}, |
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| 420 | {8.8965, 0.5148, 339.36, 1.7205, 0.70423}, |
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| 421 | {2.959, 0.53255, 34.247, 60.655, 15.153}, |
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| 422 | {3.80133, 0.41590, 12.9966, 117.83, 242.28} }; |
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| 423 | |
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| 424 | static G4double atomicWeight[11] = { |
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| 425 | 101.96128, 44.0098, 16.0426, 28.0536, 42.0804, |
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| 426 | 104.1512, 44.665, 60.0843, 18.0152, 18.0152, 12.0}; |
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| 427 | |
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| 428 | G4int i = iMolecula; |
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| 429 | |
---|
| 430 | // Free electron gas model |
---|
| 431 | if ( T < 0.001 ) { |
---|
| 432 | G4double slow = a[i][0] ; |
---|
| 433 | G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 ) |
---|
| 434 | * a[i][2]*1000.0 ; |
---|
| 435 | ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ; |
---|
| 436 | ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ; |
---|
| 437 | |
---|
| 438 | // Main parametrisation |
---|
| 439 | } else { |
---|
| 440 | G4double slow = a[i][0] * pow((T*1000.0), a[i][1]) ; |
---|
| 441 | G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ; |
---|
| 442 | ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ; |
---|
| 443 | /* |
---|
| 444 | G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow |
---|
| 445 | << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1] |
---|
| 446 | << " shigh= " << shigh |
---|
| 447 | << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV) |
---|
| 448 | << G4endl; |
---|
| 449 | */ |
---|
| 450 | } |
---|
| 451 | if ( ionloss < 0.0) ionloss = 0.0 ; |
---|
| 452 | |
---|
| 453 | // He effective charge |
---|
| 454 | G4double aa = atomicWeight[iMolecula]; |
---|
| 455 | ionloss /= (HeEffChargeSquare(0.5*aa, T)*aa); |
---|
| 456 | |
---|
| 457 | // pure material (normally not the case for this function) |
---|
| 458 | } else if(1 == (material->GetNumberOfElements())) { |
---|
| 459 | G4double z = material->GetZ() ; |
---|
| 460 | ionloss = ElectronicStoppingPower( z, kineticEnergy ) ; |
---|
| 461 | } |
---|
| 462 | |
---|
| 463 | return ionloss; |
---|
| 464 | } |
---|
| 465 | |
---|
| 466 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
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| 467 | |
---|
| 468 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z, |
---|
| 469 | G4double kineticEnergy) const |
---|
| 470 | { |
---|
| 471 | G4double ionloss ; |
---|
| 472 | G4int i = G4int(z)-1 ; // index of atom |
---|
| 473 | if(i < 0) i = 0 ; |
---|
| 474 | if(i > 91) i = 91 ; |
---|
| 475 | |
---|
| 476 | // The data and the fit from: |
---|
| 477 | // ICRU Report 49, 1993. Ziegler's type of parametrisations. |
---|
| 478 | // Proton kinetic energy for parametrisation (keV/amu) |
---|
| 479 | |
---|
| 480 | // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV) |
---|
| 481 | G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ; |
---|
| 482 | |
---|
| 483 | static G4double a[92][5] = { |
---|
| 484 | {0.35485, 0.6456, 6.01525, 20.8933, 4.3515 |
---|
| 485 | },{ 0.58, 0.59, 6.3, 130.0, 44.07 |
---|
| 486 | },{ 1.42, 0.49, 12.25, 32.0, 9.161 |
---|
| 487 | },{ 2.206, 0.51, 15.32, 0.25, 8.995 //Be Ziegler77 |
---|
| 488 | // },{ 2.1895, 0.47183,7.2362, 134.30, 197.96 //Be from ICRU |
---|
| 489 | },{ 3.691, 0.4128, 18.48, 50.72, 9.0 |
---|
| 490 | },{ 3.83523, 0.42993,12.6125, 227.41, 188.97 |
---|
| 491 | },{ 1.9259, 0.5550, 27.15125, 26.0665, 6.2768 |
---|
| 492 | },{ 2.81015, 0.4759, 50.0253, 10.556, 1.0382 |
---|
| 493 | },{ 1.533, 0.531, 40.44, 18.41, 2.718 |
---|
| 494 | },{ 2.303, 0.4861, 37.01, 37.96, 5.092 |
---|
| 495 | // Z= 11-20 |
---|
| 496 | },{ 9.894, 0.3081, 23.65, 0.384, 92.93 |
---|
| 497 | },{ 4.3, 0.47, 34.3, 3.3, 12.74 |
---|
| 498 | },{ 2.5, 0.625, 45.7, 0.1, 4.359 |
---|
| 499 | },{ 2.1, 0.65, 49.34, 1.788, 4.133 |
---|
| 500 | },{ 1.729, 0.6562, 53.41, 2.405, 3.845 |
---|
| 501 | },{ 1.402, 0.6791, 58.98, 3.528, 3.211 |
---|
| 502 | },{ 1.117, 0.7044, 69.69, 3.705, 2.156 |
---|
| 503 | },{ 2.291, 0.6284, 73.88, 4.478, 2.066 |
---|
| 504 | },{ 8.554, 0.3817, 83.61, 11.84, 1.875 |
---|
| 505 | },{ 6.297, 0.4622, 65.39, 10.14, 5.036 |
---|
| 506 | // Z= 21-30 |
---|
| 507 | },{ 5.307, 0.4918, 61.74, 12.4, 6.665 |
---|
| 508 | },{ 4.71, 0.5087, 65.28, 8.806, 5.948 |
---|
| 509 | },{ 6.151, 0.4524, 83.0, 18.31, 2.71 |
---|
| 510 | },{ 6.57, 0.4322, 84.76, 15.53, 2.779 |
---|
| 511 | },{ 5.738, 0.4492, 84.6, 14.18, 3.101 |
---|
| 512 | },{ 5.013, 0.4707, 85.8, 16.55, 3.211 |
---|
| 513 | },{ 4.32, 0.4947, 76.14, 10.85, 5.441 |
---|
| 514 | },{ 4.652, 0.4571, 80.73, 22.0, 4.952 |
---|
| 515 | },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 6.385 |
---|
| 516 | },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 7.502 |
---|
| 517 | // Z= 31-40 |
---|
| 518 | },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 8.514 |
---|
| 519 | },{ 5.746, 0.4662, 79.24, 1.185, 7.993 |
---|
| 520 | },{ 2.792, 0.6346, 106.1, 0.2986, 2.331 |
---|
| 521 | },{ 4.667, 0.5095, 124.3, 2.102, 1.667 |
---|
| 522 | },{ 2.44, 0.6346, 105.0, 0.83, 2.851 |
---|
| 523 | },{ 1.413, 0.7377, 147.9, 1.466, 1.016 |
---|
| 524 | },{ 11.72, 0.3826, 102.8, 9.231, 4.371 |
---|
| 525 | },{ 7.126, 0.4804, 119.3, 5.784, 2.454 |
---|
| 526 | },{ 11.61, 0.3955, 146.7, 7.031, 1.423 |
---|
| 527 | },{ 10.99, 0.41, 163.9, 7.1, 1.052 |
---|
| 528 | // Z= 41-50 |
---|
| 529 | },{ 9.241, 0.4275, 163.1, 7.954, 1.102 |
---|
| 530 | },{ 9.276, 0.418, 157.1, 8.038, 1.29 |
---|
| 531 | },{ 3.999, 0.6152, 97.6, 1.297, 5.792 |
---|
| 532 | },{ 4.306, 0.5658, 97.99, 5.514, 5.754 |
---|
| 533 | },{ 3.615, 0.6197, 86.26, 0.333, 8.689 |
---|
| 534 | },{ 5.8, 0.49, 147.2, 6.903, 1.289 |
---|
| 535 | },{ 5.6, 0.49, 130.0, 10.0, 2.844 |
---|
| 536 | },{ 3.55, 0.6068, 124.7, 1.112, 3.119 |
---|
| 537 | },{ 3.6, 0.62, 105.8, 0.1692, 6.026 |
---|
| 538 | },{ 5.4, 0.53, 103.1, 3.931, 7.767 |
---|
| 539 | // Z= 51-60 |
---|
| 540 | },{ 3.97, 0.6459, 131.8, 0.2233, 2.723 |
---|
| 541 | },{ 3.65, 0.64, 126.8, 0.6834, 3.411 |
---|
| 542 | },{ 3.118, 0.6519, 164.9, 1.208, 1.51 |
---|
| 543 | },{ 3.949, 0.6209, 200.5, 1.878, 0.9126 |
---|
| 544 | },{ 14.4, 0.3923, 152.5, 8.354, 2.597 |
---|
| 545 | },{ 10.99, 0.4599, 138.4, 4.811, 3.726 |
---|
| 546 | },{ 16.6, 0.3773, 224.1, 6.28, 0.9121 |
---|
| 547 | },{ 10.54, 0.4533, 159.3, 4.832, 2.529 |
---|
| 548 | },{ 10.33, 0.4502, 162.0, 5.132, 2.444 |
---|
| 549 | },{ 10.15, 0.4471, 165.6, 5.378, 2.328 |
---|
| 550 | // Z= 61-70 |
---|
| 551 | },{ 9.976, 0.4439, 168.0, 5.721, 2.258 |
---|
| 552 | },{ 9.804, 0.4408, 176.2, 5.675, 1.997 |
---|
| 553 | },{ 14.22, 0.363, 228.4, 7.024, 1.016 |
---|
| 554 | },{ 9.952, 0.4318, 233.5, 5.065, 0.9244 |
---|
| 555 | },{ 9.272, 0.4345, 210.0, 4.911, 1.258 |
---|
| 556 | },{ 10.13, 0.4146, 225.7, 5.525, 1.055 |
---|
| 557 | },{ 8.949, 0.4304, 213.3, 5.071, 1.221 |
---|
| 558 | },{ 11.94, 0.3783, 247.2, 6.655, 0.849 |
---|
| 559 | },{ 8.472, 0.4405, 195.5, 4.051, 1.604 |
---|
| 560 | },{ 8.301, 0.4399, 203.7, 3.667, 1.459 |
---|
| 561 | // Z= 71-80 |
---|
| 562 | },{ 6.567, 0.4858, 193.0, 2.65, 1.66 |
---|
| 563 | },{ 5.951, 0.5016, 196.1, 2.662, 1.589 |
---|
| 564 | },{ 7.495, 0.4523, 251.4, 3.433, 0.8619 |
---|
| 565 | },{ 6.335, 0.4825, 255.1, 2.834, 0.8228 |
---|
| 566 | },{ 4.314, 0.5558, 214.8, 2.354, 1.263 |
---|
| 567 | },{ 4.02, 0.5681, 219.9, 2.402, 1.191 |
---|
| 568 | },{ 3.836, 0.5765, 210.2, 2.742, 1.305 |
---|
| 569 | },{ 4.68, 0.5247, 244.7, 2.749, 0.8962 |
---|
| 570 | },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416 //Au Z77 |
---|
| 571 | // },{ 3.223, 0.5883, 232.7, 2.954, 1.05 //Au ICRU |
---|
| 572 | },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416 |
---|
| 573 | // Z= 81-90 |
---|
| 574 | },{ 4.728, 0.5522, 217.0, 3.091, 1.386 |
---|
| 575 | },{ 6.18, 0.52, 170.0, 4.0, 3.224 |
---|
| 576 | },{ 9.0, 0.47, 198.0, 3.8, 2.032 |
---|
| 577 | },{ 2.324, 0.6997, 216.0, 1.599, 1.399 |
---|
| 578 | },{ 1.961, 0.7286, 223.0, 1.621, 1.296 |
---|
| 579 | },{ 1.75, 0.7427, 350.1, 0.9789, 0.5507 |
---|
| 580 | },{ 10.31, 0.4613, 261.2, 4.738, 0.9899 |
---|
| 581 | },{ 7.962, 0.519, 235.7, 4.347, 1.313 |
---|
| 582 | },{ 6.227, 0.5645, 231.9, 3.961, 1.379 |
---|
| 583 | },{ 5.246, 0.5947, 228.6, 4.027, 1.432 |
---|
| 584 | // Z= 91-92 |
---|
| 585 | },{ 5.408, 0.5811, 235.7, 3.961, 1.358 |
---|
| 586 | },{ 5.218, 0.5828, 245.0, 3.838, 1.25} |
---|
| 587 | }; |
---|
| 588 | |
---|
| 589 | // Free electron gas model |
---|
| 590 | if ( T < 0.001 ) { |
---|
| 591 | G4double slow = a[i][0] ; |
---|
| 592 | G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 ) |
---|
| 593 | * a[i][2]*1000.0 ; |
---|
| 594 | ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ; |
---|
| 595 | ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ; |
---|
| 596 | |
---|
| 597 | // Main parametrisation |
---|
| 598 | } else { |
---|
| 599 | G4double slow = a[i][0] * pow((T*1000.0), a[i][1]) ; |
---|
| 600 | G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ; |
---|
| 601 | ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ; |
---|
| 602 | /* |
---|
| 603 | G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow |
---|
| 604 | << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1] |
---|
| 605 | << " shigh= " << shigh |
---|
| 606 | << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV) |
---|
| 607 | << G4endl; |
---|
| 608 | */ |
---|
| 609 | } |
---|
| 610 | if ( ionloss < 0.0) ionloss = 0.0 ; |
---|
| 611 | |
---|
| 612 | // He effective charge |
---|
| 613 | ionloss /= HeEffChargeSquare(z, T); |
---|
| 614 | |
---|
| 615 | return ionloss; |
---|
| 616 | } |
---|
| 617 | |
---|
| 618 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
---|
| 619 | |
---|
| 620 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::DEDX(const G4Material* material, |
---|
| 621 | G4double kineticEnergy) |
---|
| 622 | { |
---|
| 623 | G4double eloss = 0.0; |
---|
| 624 | const G4int numberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements(); |
---|
| 625 | const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector = |
---|
| 626 | material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector(); |
---|
| 627 | |
---|
| 628 | // compaund material with parametrisation |
---|
| 629 | G4int iNist = astar.GetIndex(material); |
---|
| 630 | |
---|
| 631 | if( iNist >= 0 ) { |
---|
| 632 | G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p; |
---|
| 633 | return astar.GetElectronicDEDX(iNist, T)*material->GetDensity()/ |
---|
| 634 | HeEffChargeSquare(astar.GetEffectiveZ(iNist), T/MeV); |
---|
| 635 | |
---|
| 636 | } else if( HasMaterial(material) ) { |
---|
| 637 | |
---|
| 638 | eloss = StoppingPower(material, kineticEnergy)* |
---|
| 639 | material->GetDensity()/amu; |
---|
| 640 | |
---|
| 641 | // pure material |
---|
| 642 | } else if(1 == numberOfElements) { |
---|
| 643 | |
---|
| 644 | G4double z = material->GetZ(); |
---|
| 645 | eloss = ElectronicStoppingPower(z, kineticEnergy) |
---|
| 646 | * (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume()); |
---|
| 647 | |
---|
| 648 | // Brugg's rule calculation |
---|
| 649 | } else { |
---|
| 650 | const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = |
---|
| 651 | material->GetElementVector() ; |
---|
| 652 | |
---|
| 653 | // loop for the elements in the material |
---|
| 654 | for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; i++) |
---|
| 655 | { |
---|
| 656 | const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ; |
---|
| 657 | eloss += ElectronicStoppingPower(element->GetZ(), kineticEnergy) |
---|
| 658 | * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i]; |
---|
| 659 | } |
---|
| 660 | } |
---|
| 661 | return eloss*theZieglerFactor; |
---|
| 662 | } |
---|
| 663 | |
---|
| 664 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
---|
| 665 | |
---|
| 666 | G4double G4BraggIonModel::HeEffChargeSquare(G4double z, |
---|
| 667 | G4double kinEnergyHeInMeV) const |
---|
| 668 | { |
---|
| 669 | // The aproximation of He effective charge from: |
---|
| 670 | // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark |
---|
| 671 | // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, |
---|
| 672 | // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985 |
---|
| 673 | |
---|
| 674 | static G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429, |
---|
| 675 | 0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475}; |
---|
| 676 | |
---|
| 677 | G4double e = std::max(0.0,std::log(kinEnergyHeInMeV*massFactor)); |
---|
| 678 | G4double x = c[0] ; |
---|
| 679 | G4double y = 1.0 ; |
---|
| 680 | for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) { |
---|
| 681 | y *= e ; |
---|
| 682 | x += y * c[i] ; |
---|
| 683 | } |
---|
| 684 | |
---|
| 685 | G4double w = 7.6 - e ; |
---|
| 686 | w = 1.0 + (0.007 + 0.00005*z) * exp( -w*w ) ; |
---|
| 687 | w = 4.0 * (1.0 - exp(-x)) * w * w ; |
---|
| 688 | |
---|
| 689 | return w; |
---|
| 690 | } |
---|
| 691 | |
---|
| 692 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... |
---|
| 693 | |
---|