source: trunk/source/processes/electromagnetic/standard/src/G4BraggIonModel.cc@ 1005

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25//
26// $Id: G4BraggIonModel.cc,v 1.23 2009/02/20 12:06:37 vnivanch Exp $
27// GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-02-ref-02 $
28//
29// -------------------------------------------------------------------
30//
31// GEANT4 Class file
32//
33//
34// File name: G4BraggIonModel
35//
36// Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
37//
38// Creation date: 13.10.2004
39//
40// Modifications:
41// 11-05-05 Major optimisation of internal interfaces (V.Ivantchenko)
42// 29-11-05 Do not use G4Alpha class (V.Ivantchenko)
43// 15-02-06 ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron, ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom (mma)
44// 25-04-06 Add stopping data from ASTAR (V.Ivanchenko)
45// 23-10-06 Reduce lowestKinEnergy to 0.25 keV (V.Ivanchenko)
46// 12-08-08 Added methods GetParticleCharge, GetChargeSquareRatio,
47// CorrectionsAlongStep needed for ions(V.Ivanchenko)
48//
49
50// Class Description:
51//
52// Implementation of energy loss and delta-electron production by
53// slow charged heavy particles
54
55// -------------------------------------------------------------------
56//
57
58
59//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
60//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
61
62#include "G4BraggIonModel.hh"
63#include "Randomize.hh"
64#include "G4Electron.hh"
65#include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh"
66#include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
67#include "G4EmCorrections.hh"
68
69//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
70
71using namespace std;
72
73G4BraggIonModel::G4BraggIonModel(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
74 const G4String& nam)
75 : G4VEmModel(nam),
76 corr(0),
77 particle(0),
78 fParticleChange(0),
79 iMolecula(0),
80 isIon(false),
81 isInitialised(false)
82{
83 if(p) SetParticle(p);
84 SetHighEnergyLimit(2.0*MeV);
85
86 HeMass = 3.727417*GeV;
87 rateMassHe2p = HeMass/proton_mass_c2;
88 lowestKinEnergy = 1.0*keV/rateMassHe2p;
89 massFactor = 1000.*amu_c2/HeMass;
90 theZieglerFactor = eV*cm2*1.0e-15;
91 theElectron = G4Electron::Electron();
92}
93
94//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
95
96G4BraggIonModel::~G4BraggIonModel()
97{}
98
99//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
100
101G4double G4BraggIonModel::MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
102 const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple)
103{
104 return couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy();
105}
106
107//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
108
109void G4BraggIonModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
110 const G4DataVector&)
111{
112 if(p != particle) SetParticle(p);
113
114 corrFactor = chargeSquare;
115
116 // always false before the run
117 SetDeexcitationFlag(false);
118
119 if(!isInitialised) {
120 isInitialised = true;
121
122 G4String pname = particle->GetParticleName();
123 if(particle->GetParticleType() == "nucleus" &&
124 pname != "deuteron" && pname != "triton") isIon = true;
125
126 corr = G4LossTableManager::Instance()->EmCorrections();
127
128 if(!fParticleChange) {
129 if(pParticleChange) {
130 fParticleChange =
131 reinterpret_cast<G4ParticleChangeForLoss*>(pParticleChange);
132 } else {
133 fParticleChange = new G4ParticleChangeForLoss();
134 }
135 }
136 }
137}
138
139//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
140
141G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
142 const G4Material* mat,
143 G4double kineticEnergy)
144{
145 // this method is called only for ions
146 G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
147 corrFactor = q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
148 return corrFactor;
149}
150
151//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
152
153G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
154 const G4Material* mat,
155 G4double kineticEnergy)
156{
157 // this method is called only for ions
158 return corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
159}
160
161//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
162
163G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(
164 const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
165 G4double kineticEnergy,
166 G4double cutEnergy,
167 G4double maxKinEnergy)
168{
169 G4double cross = 0.0;
170 G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
171 G4double maxEnergy = std::min(tmax,maxKinEnergy);
172 if(cutEnergy < tmax) {
173
174 G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
175 G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
176 G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
177 cross = 1.0/cutEnergy - 1.0/maxEnergy - beta2*log(maxEnergy/cutEnergy)/tmax;
178
179 cross *= twopi_mc2_rcl2*chargeSquare/beta2;
180 }
181 // G4cout << "BR: e= " << kineticEnergy << " tmin= " << cutEnergy
182 // << " tmax= " << tmax << " cross= " << cross << G4endl;
183
184 return cross;
185}
186
187//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
188
189G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(
190 const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
191 G4double kineticEnergy,
192 G4double Z, G4double,
193 G4double cutEnergy,
194 G4double maxEnergy)
195{
196 G4double cross = Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
197 (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
198 return cross;
199}
200
201//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
202
203G4double G4BraggIonModel::CrossSectionPerVolume(
204 const G4Material* material,
205 const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
206 G4double kineticEnergy,
207 G4double cutEnergy,
208 G4double maxEnergy)
209{
210 G4double eDensity = material->GetElectronDensity();
211 G4double cross = eDensity*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
212 (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
213 return cross;
214}
215
216//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
217
218G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material* material,
219 const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
220 G4double kineticEnergy,
221 G4double cutEnergy)
222{
223 G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
224 G4double tmin = min(cutEnergy, tmax);
225 G4double tkin = kineticEnergy/massRate;
226 G4double dedx = 0.0;
227 if(tkin > lowestKinEnergy) dedx = DEDX(material, tkin);
228 else dedx = DEDX(material, lowestKinEnergy)*sqrt(tkin/lowestKinEnergy);
229
230 if (cutEnergy < tmax) {
231
232 G4double tau = kineticEnergy/mass;
233 G4double gam = tau + 1.0;
234 G4double bg2 = tau * (tau+2.0);
235 G4double beta2 = bg2/(gam*gam);
236 G4double x = tmin/tmax;
237
238 dedx += (log(x) + (1.0 - x)*beta2) * twopi_mc2_rcl2
239 * (material->GetElectronDensity())/beta2;
240 }
241
242 // now compute the total ionization loss
243
244 if (dedx < 0.0) dedx = 0.0 ;
245
246 dedx *= chargeSquare;
247
248 //G4cout << " tkin(MeV) = " << tkin/MeV << " dedx(MeVxcm^2/g) = "
249 // << dedx*gram/(MeV*cm2*material->GetDensity())
250 // << " q2 = " << chargeSquare << G4endl;
251
252 return dedx;
253}
254
255//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
256
257void G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep(const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
258 const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
259 G4double& eloss,
260 G4double&,
261 G4double length)
262{
263 // this method is called only for ions
264 const G4ParticleDefinition* p = dp->GetDefinition();
265 const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial();
266 G4double preKinEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
267 G4double e = preKinEnergy - eloss*0.5;
268 if(e < 0.0) e = preKinEnergy*0.5;
269
270 G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,e);
271 GetModelOfFluctuations()->SetParticleAndCharge(p, q2);
272 eloss *= q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,e)/corrFactor;
273
274 if(nuclearStopping) {
275
276 G4double nloss = length*corr->NuclearDEDX(p,mat,e,false);
277
278 // too big energy loss
279 if(eloss + nloss > preKinEnergy) {
280 nloss *= (preKinEnergy/(eloss + nloss));
281 eloss = preKinEnergy;
282 } else {
283 eloss += nloss;
284 }
285 /*
286 G4cout << "G4ionIonisation::CorrectionsAlongStep: e= " << preKinEnergy
287 << " de= " << eloss << " NIEL= " << nloss
288 << " dynQ= " << dp->GetCharge()/eplus << G4endl;
289 */
290 fParticleChange->ProposeNonIonizingEnergyDeposit(nloss);
291 }
292}
293
294//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
295
296void G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp,
297 const G4MaterialCutsCouple*,
298 const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
299 G4double xmin,
300 G4double maxEnergy)
301{
302 G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(dp);
303 G4double xmax = std::min(tmax, maxEnergy);
304 if(xmin >= xmax) return;
305
306 G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
307 G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
308 G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
309 G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
310 G4double grej = 1.0;
311 G4double deltaKinEnergy, f;
312
313 G4ThreeVector direction = dp->GetMomentumDirection();
314
315 // sampling follows ...
316 do {
317 G4double q = G4UniformRand();
318 deltaKinEnergy = xmin*xmax/(xmin*(1.0 - q) + xmax*q);
319
320 f = 1.0 - beta2*deltaKinEnergy/tmax;
321
322 if(f > grej) {
323 G4cout << "G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondary Warning! "
324 << "Majorant " << grej << " < "
325 << f << " for e= " << deltaKinEnergy
326 << G4endl;
327 }
328
329 } while( grej*G4UniformRand() >= f );
330
331 G4double deltaMomentum =
332 sqrt(deltaKinEnergy * (deltaKinEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2));
333 G4double totMomentum = energy*sqrt(beta2);
334 G4double cost = deltaKinEnergy * (energy + electron_mass_c2) /
335 (deltaMomentum * totMomentum);
336 if(cost > 1.0) cost = 1.0;
337 G4double sint = sqrt((1.0 - cost)*(1.0 + cost));
338
339 G4double phi = twopi * G4UniformRand() ;
340
341 G4ThreeVector deltaDirection(sint*cos(phi),sint*sin(phi), cost) ;
342 deltaDirection.rotateUz(direction);
343
344 // create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray
345 G4DynamicParticle* delta = new G4DynamicParticle(theElectron,deltaDirection,
346 deltaKinEnergy);
347
348 vdp->push_back(delta);
349
350 // Change kinematics of primary particle
351 kineticEnergy -= deltaKinEnergy;
352 G4ThreeVector finalP = direction*totMomentum - deltaDirection*deltaMomentum;
353 finalP = finalP.unit();
354
355 fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(kineticEnergy);
356 fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(finalP);
357}
358
359//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
360
361G4double G4BraggIonModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition* pd,
362 G4double kinEnergy)
363{
364 if(pd != particle) SetParticle(pd);
365 G4double tau = kinEnergy/mass;
366 G4double tmax = 2.0*electron_mass_c2*tau*(tau + 2.) /
367 (1. + 2.0*(tau + 1.)*ratio + ratio*ratio);
368 return tmax;
369}
370
371//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
372
373G4bool G4BraggIonModel::HasMaterial(const G4Material* material)
374{
375 const size_t numberOfMolecula = 11 ;
376 SetMoleculaNumber(numberOfMolecula) ;
377 G4String chFormula = material->GetChemicalFormula() ;
378
379 // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler model for He.
380 static G4String molName[numberOfMolecula] = {
381 "CaF_2", "Cellulose_Nitrate", "LiF", "Policarbonate",
382 "(C_2H_4)_N-Polyethylene", "(C_2H_4)_N-Polymethly_Methacralate",
383 "Polysterene", "SiO_2", "NaI", "H_2O",
384 "Graphite" } ;
385
386 // Search for the material in the table
387 for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; i++) {
388 if (chFormula == molName[i]) {
389 SetMoleculaNumber(i) ;
390 return true ;
391 }
392 }
393 return false ;
394}
395
396//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
397
398G4double G4BraggIonModel::StoppingPower(const G4Material* material,
399 G4double kineticEnergy)
400{
401 G4double ionloss = 0.0 ;
402
403 if (iMolecula < 11) {
404
405 // The data and the fit from:
406 // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler's model for alpha
407 // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV)
408
409 G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ;
410
411 static G4double a[11][5] = {
412 {9.43672, 0.54398, 84.341, 1.3705, 57.422},
413 {67.1503, 0.41409, 404.512, 148.97, 20.99},
414 {5.11203, 0.453, 36.718, 50.6, 28.058},
415 {61.793, 0.48445, 361.537, 57.889, 50.674},
416 {7.83464, 0.49804, 160.452, 3.192, 0.71922},
417 {19.729, 0.52153, 162.341, 58.35, 25.668},
418 {26.4648, 0.50112, 188.913, 30.079, 16.509},
419 {7.8655, 0.5205, 63.96, 51.32, 67.775},
420 {8.8965, 0.5148, 339.36, 1.7205, 0.70423},
421 {2.959, 0.53255, 34.247, 60.655, 15.153},
422 {3.80133, 0.41590, 12.9966, 117.83, 242.28} };
423
424 static G4double atomicWeight[11] = {
425 101.96128, 44.0098, 16.0426, 28.0536, 42.0804,
426 104.1512, 44.665, 60.0843, 18.0152, 18.0152, 12.0};
427
428 G4int i = iMolecula;
429
430 // Free electron gas model
431 if ( T < 0.001 ) {
432 G4double slow = a[i][0] ;
433 G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 )
434 * a[i][2]*1000.0 ;
435 ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
436 ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ;
437
438 // Main parametrisation
439 } else {
440 G4double slow = a[i][0] * pow((T*1000.0), a[i][1]) ;
441 G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ;
442 ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
443 /*
444 G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow
445 << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1]
446 << " shigh= " << shigh
447 << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV)
448 << G4endl;
449 */
450 }
451 if ( ionloss < 0.0) ionloss = 0.0 ;
452
453 // He effective charge
454 G4double aa = atomicWeight[iMolecula];
455 ionloss /= (HeEffChargeSquare(0.5*aa, T)*aa);
456
457 // pure material (normally not the case for this function)
458 } else if(1 == (material->GetNumberOfElements())) {
459 G4double z = material->GetZ() ;
460 ionloss = ElectronicStoppingPower( z, kineticEnergy ) ;
461 }
462
463 return ionloss;
464}
465
466//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
467
468G4double G4BraggIonModel::ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z,
469 G4double kineticEnergy) const
470{
471 G4double ionloss ;
472 G4int i = G4int(z)-1 ; // index of atom
473 if(i < 0) i = 0 ;
474 if(i > 91) i = 91 ;
475
476 // The data and the fit from:
477 // ICRU Report 49, 1993. Ziegler's type of parametrisations.
478 // Proton kinetic energy for parametrisation (keV/amu)
479
480 // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV)
481 G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ;
482
483 static G4double a[92][5] = {
484 {0.35485, 0.6456, 6.01525, 20.8933, 4.3515
485 },{ 0.58, 0.59, 6.3, 130.0, 44.07
486 },{ 1.42, 0.49, 12.25, 32.0, 9.161
487 },{ 2.206, 0.51, 15.32, 0.25, 8.995 //Be Ziegler77
488 // },{ 2.1895, 0.47183,7.2362, 134.30, 197.96 //Be from ICRU
489 },{ 3.691, 0.4128, 18.48, 50.72, 9.0
490 },{ 3.83523, 0.42993,12.6125, 227.41, 188.97
491 },{ 1.9259, 0.5550, 27.15125, 26.0665, 6.2768
492 },{ 2.81015, 0.4759, 50.0253, 10.556, 1.0382
493 },{ 1.533, 0.531, 40.44, 18.41, 2.718
494 },{ 2.303, 0.4861, 37.01, 37.96, 5.092
495 // Z= 11-20
496 },{ 9.894, 0.3081, 23.65, 0.384, 92.93
497 },{ 4.3, 0.47, 34.3, 3.3, 12.74
498 },{ 2.5, 0.625, 45.7, 0.1, 4.359
499 },{ 2.1, 0.65, 49.34, 1.788, 4.133
500 },{ 1.729, 0.6562, 53.41, 2.405, 3.845
501 },{ 1.402, 0.6791, 58.98, 3.528, 3.211
502 },{ 1.117, 0.7044, 69.69, 3.705, 2.156
503 },{ 2.291, 0.6284, 73.88, 4.478, 2.066
504 },{ 8.554, 0.3817, 83.61, 11.84, 1.875
505 },{ 6.297, 0.4622, 65.39, 10.14, 5.036
506 // Z= 21-30
507 },{ 5.307, 0.4918, 61.74, 12.4, 6.665
508 },{ 4.71, 0.5087, 65.28, 8.806, 5.948
509 },{ 6.151, 0.4524, 83.0, 18.31, 2.71
510 },{ 6.57, 0.4322, 84.76, 15.53, 2.779
511 },{ 5.738, 0.4492, 84.6, 14.18, 3.101
512 },{ 5.013, 0.4707, 85.8, 16.55, 3.211
513 },{ 4.32, 0.4947, 76.14, 10.85, 5.441
514 },{ 4.652, 0.4571, 80.73, 22.0, 4.952
515 },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 6.385
516 },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 7.502
517 // Z= 31-40
518 },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 8.514
519 },{ 5.746, 0.4662, 79.24, 1.185, 7.993
520 },{ 2.792, 0.6346, 106.1, 0.2986, 2.331
521 },{ 4.667, 0.5095, 124.3, 2.102, 1.667
522 },{ 2.44, 0.6346, 105.0, 0.83, 2.851
523 },{ 1.413, 0.7377, 147.9, 1.466, 1.016
524 },{ 11.72, 0.3826, 102.8, 9.231, 4.371
525 },{ 7.126, 0.4804, 119.3, 5.784, 2.454
526 },{ 11.61, 0.3955, 146.7, 7.031, 1.423
527 },{ 10.99, 0.41, 163.9, 7.1, 1.052
528 // Z= 41-50
529 },{ 9.241, 0.4275, 163.1, 7.954, 1.102
530 },{ 9.276, 0.418, 157.1, 8.038, 1.29
531 },{ 3.999, 0.6152, 97.6, 1.297, 5.792
532 },{ 4.306, 0.5658, 97.99, 5.514, 5.754
533 },{ 3.615, 0.6197, 86.26, 0.333, 8.689
534 },{ 5.8, 0.49, 147.2, 6.903, 1.289
535 },{ 5.6, 0.49, 130.0, 10.0, 2.844
536 },{ 3.55, 0.6068, 124.7, 1.112, 3.119
537 },{ 3.6, 0.62, 105.8, 0.1692, 6.026
538 },{ 5.4, 0.53, 103.1, 3.931, 7.767
539 // Z= 51-60
540 },{ 3.97, 0.6459, 131.8, 0.2233, 2.723
541 },{ 3.65, 0.64, 126.8, 0.6834, 3.411
542 },{ 3.118, 0.6519, 164.9, 1.208, 1.51
543 },{ 3.949, 0.6209, 200.5, 1.878, 0.9126
544 },{ 14.4, 0.3923, 152.5, 8.354, 2.597
545 },{ 10.99, 0.4599, 138.4, 4.811, 3.726
546 },{ 16.6, 0.3773, 224.1, 6.28, 0.9121
547 },{ 10.54, 0.4533, 159.3, 4.832, 2.529
548 },{ 10.33, 0.4502, 162.0, 5.132, 2.444
549 },{ 10.15, 0.4471, 165.6, 5.378, 2.328
550 // Z= 61-70
551 },{ 9.976, 0.4439, 168.0, 5.721, 2.258
552 },{ 9.804, 0.4408, 176.2, 5.675, 1.997
553 },{ 14.22, 0.363, 228.4, 7.024, 1.016
554 },{ 9.952, 0.4318, 233.5, 5.065, 0.9244
555 },{ 9.272, 0.4345, 210.0, 4.911, 1.258
556 },{ 10.13, 0.4146, 225.7, 5.525, 1.055
557 },{ 8.949, 0.4304, 213.3, 5.071, 1.221
558 },{ 11.94, 0.3783, 247.2, 6.655, 0.849
559 },{ 8.472, 0.4405, 195.5, 4.051, 1.604
560 },{ 8.301, 0.4399, 203.7, 3.667, 1.459
561 // Z= 71-80
562 },{ 6.567, 0.4858, 193.0, 2.65, 1.66
563 },{ 5.951, 0.5016, 196.1, 2.662, 1.589
564 },{ 7.495, 0.4523, 251.4, 3.433, 0.8619
565 },{ 6.335, 0.4825, 255.1, 2.834, 0.8228
566 },{ 4.314, 0.5558, 214.8, 2.354, 1.263
567 },{ 4.02, 0.5681, 219.9, 2.402, 1.191
568 },{ 3.836, 0.5765, 210.2, 2.742, 1.305
569 },{ 4.68, 0.5247, 244.7, 2.749, 0.8962
570 },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416 //Au Z77
571 // },{ 3.223, 0.5883, 232.7, 2.954, 1.05 //Au ICRU
572 },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416
573 // Z= 81-90
574 },{ 4.728, 0.5522, 217.0, 3.091, 1.386
575 },{ 6.18, 0.52, 170.0, 4.0, 3.224
576 },{ 9.0, 0.47, 198.0, 3.8, 2.032
577 },{ 2.324, 0.6997, 216.0, 1.599, 1.399
578 },{ 1.961, 0.7286, 223.0, 1.621, 1.296
579 },{ 1.75, 0.7427, 350.1, 0.9789, 0.5507
580 },{ 10.31, 0.4613, 261.2, 4.738, 0.9899
581 },{ 7.962, 0.519, 235.7, 4.347, 1.313
582 },{ 6.227, 0.5645, 231.9, 3.961, 1.379
583 },{ 5.246, 0.5947, 228.6, 4.027, 1.432
584 // Z= 91-92
585 },{ 5.408, 0.5811, 235.7, 3.961, 1.358
586 },{ 5.218, 0.5828, 245.0, 3.838, 1.25}
587 };
588
589 // Free electron gas model
590 if ( T < 0.001 ) {
591 G4double slow = a[i][0] ;
592 G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 )
593 * a[i][2]*1000.0 ;
594 ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
595 ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ;
596
597 // Main parametrisation
598 } else {
599 G4double slow = a[i][0] * pow((T*1000.0), a[i][1]) ;
600 G4double shigh = log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ;
601 ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
602 /*
603 G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow
604 << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1]
605 << " shigh= " << shigh
606 << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV)
607 << G4endl;
608 */
609 }
610 if ( ionloss < 0.0) ionloss = 0.0 ;
611
612 // He effective charge
613 ionloss /= HeEffChargeSquare(z, T);
614
615 return ionloss;
616}
617
618//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
619
620G4double G4BraggIonModel::DEDX(const G4Material* material,
621 G4double kineticEnergy)
622{
623 G4double eloss = 0.0;
624 const G4int numberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements();
625 const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
626 material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector();
627
628 // compaund material with parametrisation
629 G4int iNist = astar.GetIndex(material);
630
631 if( iNist >= 0 ) {
632 G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p;
633 return astar.GetElectronicDEDX(iNist, T)*material->GetDensity()/
634 HeEffChargeSquare(astar.GetEffectiveZ(iNist), T/MeV);
635
636 } else if( HasMaterial(material) ) {
637
638 eloss = StoppingPower(material, kineticEnergy)*
639 material->GetDensity()/amu;
640
641 // pure material
642 } else if(1 == numberOfElements) {
643
644 G4double z = material->GetZ();
645 eloss = ElectronicStoppingPower(z, kineticEnergy)
646 * (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume());
647
648 // Brugg's rule calculation
649 } else {
650 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector =
651 material->GetElementVector() ;
652
653 // loop for the elements in the material
654 for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; i++)
655 {
656 const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ;
657 eloss += ElectronicStoppingPower(element->GetZ(), kineticEnergy)
658 * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i];
659 }
660 }
661 return eloss*theZieglerFactor;
662}
663
664//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
665
666G4double G4BraggIonModel::HeEffChargeSquare(G4double z,
667 G4double kinEnergyHeInMeV) const
668{
669 // The aproximation of He effective charge from:
670 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
671 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
672 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
673
674 static G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429,
675 0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475};
676
677 G4double e = std::max(0.0,std::log(kinEnergyHeInMeV*massFactor));
678 G4double x = c[0] ;
679 G4double y = 1.0 ;
680 for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) {
681 y *= e ;
682 x += y * c[i] ;
683 }
684
685 G4double w = 7.6 - e ;
686 w = 1.0 + (0.007 + 0.00005*z) * exp( -w*w ) ;
687 w = 4.0 * (1.0 - exp(-x)) * w * w ;
688
689 return w;
690}
691
692//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
693
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