[819] | 1 | // |
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| 2 | // ******************************************************************** |
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| 3 | // * License and Disclaimer * |
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| 4 | // * * |
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| 5 | // * The Geant4 software is copyright of the Copyright Holders of * |
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| 6 | // * the Geant4 Collaboration. It is provided under the terms and * |
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| 8 | // * LICENSE and available at http://cern.ch/geant4/license . These * |
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| 9 | // * include a list of copyright holders. * |
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| 10 | // * * |
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| 11 | // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * |
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| 12 | // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this * |
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| 13 | // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * |
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| 14 | // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * |
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| 15 | // * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * |
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| 16 | // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * |
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| 17 | // * * |
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| 18 | // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * |
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| 19 | // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * |
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| 20 | // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * |
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| 21 | // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * |
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| 22 | // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * |
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| 23 | // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * |
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| 24 | // ******************************************************************** |
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| 25 | // |
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| 26 | // $Id: G4IonFluctuations.cc,v 1.5.2.1 2008/04/25 00:22:53 vnivanch Exp $ |
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| 27 | // GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-01-patch-02 $ |
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| 28 | // |
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| 29 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 30 | // |
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| 31 | // GEANT4 Class file |
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| 32 | // |
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| 33 | // |
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| 34 | // File name: G4IonFluctuation |
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| 35 | // |
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| 36 | // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko |
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| 37 | // |
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| 38 | // Creation date: 03.01.2002 |
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| 39 | // |
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| 40 | // Modifications: |
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| 41 | // |
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| 42 | // 28-12-02 add method Dispersion (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 43 | // 07-02-03 change signature (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 44 | // 13-02-03 Add name (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 45 | // 23-05-03 Add control on parthalogical cases (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 46 | // 16-10-03 Changed interface to Initialisation (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 47 | // 27-09-07 Use FermiEnergy from material, add cut dependence (V.Ivanchenko) |
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| 48 | // |
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| 49 | // Class Description: |
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| 50 | // |
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| 51 | // ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 52 | // |
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| 53 | |
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| 54 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 55 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | #include "G4IonFluctuations.hh" |
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| 58 | #include "Randomize.hh" |
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| 59 | #include "G4Poisson.hh" |
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| 60 | #include "G4Material.hh" |
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| 61 | #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh" |
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| 62 | #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh" |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | using namespace std; |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | G4IonFluctuations::G4IonFluctuations(const G4String& nam) |
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| 69 | :G4VEmFluctuationModel(nam), |
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| 70 | particle(0), |
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| 71 | minNumberInteractionsBohr(10.0), |
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| 72 | theBohrBeta2(50.0*keV/proton_mass_c2), |
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| 73 | minFraction(0.2), |
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| 74 | xmin(0.2), |
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| 75 | minLoss(0.001*eV) |
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| 76 | {} |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | G4IonFluctuations::~G4IonFluctuations() |
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| 81 | {} |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | void G4IonFluctuations::InitialiseMe(const G4ParticleDefinition* part) |
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| 86 | { |
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| 87 | particle = part; |
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| 88 | particleMass = part->GetPDGMass(); |
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| 89 | charge = part->GetPDGCharge()/eplus; |
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| 90 | chargeSquare = charge*charge; |
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| 91 | chargeSqRatio = 1.0; |
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| 92 | } |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | G4double G4IonFluctuations::SampleFluctuations(const G4Material* material, |
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| 97 | const G4DynamicParticle* dp, |
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| 98 | G4double& tmax, |
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| 99 | G4double& length, |
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| 100 | G4double& meanLoss) |
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| 101 | { |
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| 102 | if(meanLoss <= minLoss) return meanLoss; |
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| 103 | // G4cout << "### meanLoss= " << meanLoss << G4endl; |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | G4double siga = Dispersion(material,dp,tmax,length); |
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| 106 | G4double loss = meanLoss; |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | G4double navr = minNumberInteractionsBohr; |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | navr = meanLoss*meanLoss/siga; |
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| 111 | // G4cout << "### siga= " << sqrt(siga) << " navr= " << navr << G4endl; |
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| 112 | |
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| 113 | // Gaussian fluctuation |
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| 114 | if (navr >= minNumberInteractionsBohr) { |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | // Increase fluctuations for big fractional energy loss |
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| 117 | //G4cout << "siga= " << siga << G4endl; |
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| 118 | if ( meanLoss > minFraction*kineticEnergy ) { |
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| 119 | G4double gam = (kineticEnergy - meanLoss)/particleMass + 1.0; |
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| 120 | G4double b2 = 1.0 - 1.0/(gam*gam); |
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| 121 | if(b2 < xmin*beta2) b2 = xmin*beta2; |
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| 122 | G4double x = b2/beta2; |
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| 123 | G4double x3 = 1.0/(x*x*x); |
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| 124 | siga *= 0.25*(1.0 + x)*(x3 + (1.0/b2 - 0.5)/(1.0/beta2 - 0.5) ); |
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| 125 | } |
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| 126 | // G4cout << "siga= " << siga << G4endl; |
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| 127 | siga = sqrt(siga); |
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| 128 | |
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| 129 | G4double lossmax = meanLoss+meanLoss; |
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| 130 | do { |
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| 131 | loss = G4RandGauss::shoot(meanLoss,siga); |
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| 132 | } while (0.0 > loss || loss > lossmax); |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | // Poisson fluctuations |
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| 135 | } else { |
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| 136 | |
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| 137 | G4double n = (G4double)(G4Poisson(navr)); |
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| 138 | loss = meanLoss*n/navr; |
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| 139 | } |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | // G4cout << "meanLoss= " << meanLoss << " loss= " << loss << G4endl; |
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| 142 | return loss; |
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| 143 | } |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | G4double G4IonFluctuations::Dispersion( |
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| 148 | const G4Material* material, |
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| 149 | const G4DynamicParticle* dp, |
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| 150 | G4double& tmax, |
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| 151 | G4double& length) |
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| 152 | { |
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| 153 | particle = dp->GetDefinition(); |
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| 154 | charge = particle->GetPDGCharge()/eplus; |
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| 155 | G4double Q2 = charge*charge; |
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| 156 | particleMass = particle->GetPDGMass(); |
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| 157 | G4double q = dp->GetCharge()/eplus; |
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| 158 | chargeSquare = q*q; |
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| 159 | chargeSqRatio = chargeSquare/Q2; |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | //chargeSquare = charge*charge; |
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| 162 | //chargeSqRatio = 1.0; |
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| 163 | |
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| 164 | G4double electronDensity = material->GetElectronDensity(); |
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| 165 | kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy(); |
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| 166 | G4double etot = kineticEnergy + particleMass; |
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| 167 | //G4cout << "e= " << kineticEnergy << " m= " << particleMass |
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| 168 | // << " tmax= " << tmax << " l= " << length << " q^2= " << chargeSquare << G4endl; |
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| 169 | beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.*particleMass)/(etot*etot); |
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| 170 | |
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| 171 | G4double siga = (1. - beta2*0.5)*tmax*length*electronDensity* |
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| 172 | twopi_mc2_rcl2*Q2/beta2; |
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| 173 | |
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| 174 | // Low velocity - additional ion charge fluctuations according to |
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| 175 | // Q.Yang et al., NIM B61(1991)149-155. |
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| 176 | G4double zeff = electronDensity/(material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume()); |
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| 177 | //G4cout << "siga= " << siga << " zeff= " << zeff << " c= " << c << G4endl; |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | G4double f = 0.0; |
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| 180 | |
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| 181 | // correction factors with cut dependence |
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| 182 | if ( beta2 < 3.0*theBohrBeta2*zeff ) { |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | G4double a = CoeffitientA (zeff); |
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| 185 | G4double b = CoeffitientB (material, zeff); |
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| 186 | // G4cout << "a= " << a << " b= " << b << G4endl; |
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| 187 | f = a*chargeSqRatio + b; |
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| 188 | } else { |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | // H.Geissel et al. NIM B, 195 (2002) 3. |
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| 191 | f = RelativisticFactor(material, zeff); |
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| 192 | } |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | // heavy ion correction |
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| 195 | G4double f1 = 1.065e-4*chargeSquare; |
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| 196 | if(beta2 > theBohrBeta2) f1/= beta2; |
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| 197 | else f1/= theBohrBeta2; |
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| 198 | if(f1 > 2.0) f1 = 2.0; |
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| 199 | f *= (1.0 + f1); |
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| 200 | |
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| 201 | if(f > 1.0) { |
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| 202 | siga *= (1. + (f - 1.0)*2.0*electron_mass_c2*beta2/(tmax*(1.0 - beta2))); |
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| 203 | } |
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| 204 | // G4cout << "siga= " << siga << G4endl; |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | return siga; |
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| 207 | } |
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| 208 | |
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| 209 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 210 | |
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| 211 | G4double G4IonFluctuations::CoeffitientA(G4double& zeff) |
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| 212 | { |
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| 213 | // The aproximation of energy loss fluctuations |
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| 214 | // Q.Yang et al., NIM B61(1991)149-155. |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | // Reduced energy in MeV/AMU |
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| 217 | G4double energy = kineticEnergy * amu_c2/(particleMass*MeV) ; |
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| 218 | static G4double a[96][4] = { |
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| 219 | {-0.3291, -0.8312, 0.2460, -1.0220}, |
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| 220 | {-0.5615, -0.5898, 0.5205, -0.7258}, |
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| 221 | {-0.5280, -0.4981, 0.5519, -0.5865}, |
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| 222 | {-0.5125, -0.4625, 0.5660, -0.5190}, |
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| 223 | {-0.5127, -0.8595, 0.5626, -0.8721}, |
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| 224 | {-0.5174, -1.1930, 0.5565, -1.1980}, |
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| 225 | {-0.5179, -1.1850, 0.5560, -1.2070}, |
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| 226 | {-0.5209, -0.9355, 0.5590, -1.0250}, |
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| 227 | {-0.5255, -0.7766, 0.5720, -0.9412}, |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | {-0.5776, -0.6665, 0.6598, -0.8484}, |
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| 230 | {-0.6013, -0.6045, 0.7321, -0.7671}, |
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| 231 | {-0.5781, -0.5518, 0.7605, -0.6919}, |
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| 232 | {-0.5587, -0.4981, 0.7835, -0.6195}, |
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| 233 | {-0.5466, -0.4656, 0.7978, -0.5771}, |
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| 234 | {-0.5406, -0.4690, 0.8031, -0.5718}, |
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| 235 | {-0.5391, -0.5061, 0.8024, -0.5974}, |
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| 236 | {-0.5380, -0.6483, 0.7962, -0.6970}, |
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| 237 | {-0.5355, -0.7722, 0.7962, -0.7839}, |
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| 238 | {-0.5329, -0.7720, 0.7988, -0.7846}, |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | {-0.5335, -0.7671, 0.7984, -0.7933}, |
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| 241 | {-0.5324, -0.7612, 0.7998, -0.8031}, |
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| 242 | {-0.5305, -0.7300, 0.8031, -0.7990}, |
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| 243 | {-0.5307, -0.7178, 0.8049, -0.8216}, |
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| 244 | {-0.5248, -0.6621, 0.8165, -0.7919}, |
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| 245 | {-0.5180, -0.6502, 0.8266, -0.7986}, |
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| 246 | {-0.5084, -0.6408, 0.8396, -0.8048}, |
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| 247 | {-0.4967, -0.6331, 0.8549, -0.8093}, |
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| 248 | {-0.4861, -0.6508, 0.8712, -0.8432}, |
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| 249 | {-0.4700, -0.6186, 0.8961, -0.8132}, |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | {-0.4545, -0.5720, 0.9227, -0.7710}, |
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| 252 | {-0.4404, -0.5226, 0.9481, -0.7254}, |
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| 253 | {-0.4288, -0.4778, 0.9701, -0.6850}, |
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| 254 | {-0.4199, -0.4425, 0.9874, -0.6539}, |
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| 255 | {-0.4131, -0.4188, 0.9998, -0.6332}, |
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| 256 | {-0.4089, -0.4057, 1.0070, -0.6218}, |
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| 257 | {-0.4039, -0.3913, 1.0150, -0.6107}, |
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| 258 | {-0.3987, -0.3698, 1.0240, -0.5938}, |
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| 259 | {-0.3977, -0.3608, 1.0260, -0.5852}, |
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| 260 | {-0.3972, -0.3600, 1.0260, -0.5842}, |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | {-0.3985, -0.3803, 1.0200, -0.6013}, |
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| 263 | {-0.3985, -0.3979, 1.0150, -0.6168}, |
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| 264 | {-0.3968, -0.3990, 1.0160, -0.6195}, |
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| 265 | {-0.3971, -0.4432, 1.0050, -0.6591}, |
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| 266 | {-0.3944, -0.4665, 1.0010, -0.6825}, |
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| 267 | {-0.3924, -0.5109, 0.9921, -0.7235}, |
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| 268 | {-0.3882, -0.5158, 0.9947, -0.7343}, |
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| 269 | {-0.3838, -0.5125, 0.9999, -0.7370}, |
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| 270 | {-0.3786, -0.4976, 1.0090, -0.7310}, |
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| 271 | {-0.3741, -0.4738, 1.0200, -0.7155}, |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | {-0.3969, -0.4496, 1.0320, -0.6982}, |
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| 274 | {-0.3663, -0.4297, 1.0430, -0.6828}, |
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| 275 | {-0.3630, -0.4120, 1.0530, -0.6689}, |
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| 276 | {-0.3597, -0.3964, 1.0620, -0.6564}, |
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| 277 | {-0.3555, -0.3809, 1.0720, -0.6454}, |
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| 278 | {-0.3525, -0.3607, 1.0820, -0.6289}, |
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| 279 | {-0.3505, -0.3465, 1.0900, -0.6171}, |
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| 280 | {-0.3397, -0.3570, 1.1020, -0.6384}, |
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| 281 | {-0.3314, -0.3552, 1.1130, -0.6441}, |
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| 282 | {-0.3235, -0.3531, 1.1230, -0.6498}, |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | {-0.3150, -0.3483, 1.1360, -0.6539}, |
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| 285 | {-0.3060, -0.3441, 1.1490, -0.6593}, |
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| 286 | {-0.2968, -0.3396, 1.1630, -0.6649}, |
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| 287 | {-0.2935, -0.3225, 1.1760, -0.6527}, |
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| 288 | {-0.2797, -0.3262, 1.1940, -0.6722}, |
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| 289 | {-0.2704, -0.3202, 1.2100, -0.6770}, |
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| 290 | {-0.2815, -0.3227, 1.2480, -0.6775}, |
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| 291 | {-0.2880, -0.3245, 1.2810, -0.6801}, |
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| 292 | {-0.3034, -0.3263, 1.3270, -0.6778}, |
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| 293 | {-0.2936, -0.3215, 1.3430, -0.6835}, |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | {-0.3282, -0.3200, 1.3980, -0.6650}, |
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| 296 | {-0.3260, -0.3070, 1.4090, -0.6552}, |
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| 297 | {-0.3511, -0.3074, 1.4470, -0.6442}, |
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| 298 | {-0.3501, -0.3064, 1.4500, -0.6442}, |
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| 299 | {-0.3490, -0.3027, 1.4550, -0.6418}, |
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| 300 | {-0.3487, -0.3048, 1.4570, -0.6447}, |
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| 301 | {-0.3478, -0.3074, 1.4600, -0.6483}, |
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| 302 | {-0.3501, -0.3283, 1.4540, -0.6669}, |
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| 303 | {-0.3494, -0.3373, 1.4550, -0.6765}, |
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| 304 | {-0.3485, -0.3373, 1.4570, -0.6774}, |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | {-0.3462, -0.3300, 1.4630, -0.6728}, |
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| 307 | {-0.3462, -0.3225, 1.4690, -0.6662}, |
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| 308 | {-0.3453, -0.3094, 1.4790, -0.6553}, |
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| 309 | {-0.3844, -0.3134, 1.5240, -0.6412}, |
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| 310 | {-0.3848, -0.3018, 1.5310, -0.6303}, |
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| 311 | {-0.3862, -0.2955, 1.5360, -0.6237}, |
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| 312 | {-0.4262, -0.2991, 1.5860, -0.6115}, |
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| 313 | {-0.4278, -0.2910, 1.5900, -0.6029}, |
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| 314 | {-0.4303, -0.2817, 1.5940, -0.5927}, |
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| 315 | {-0.4315, -0.2719, 1.6010, -0.5829}, |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | {-0.4359, -0.2914, 1.6050, -0.6010}, |
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| 318 | {-0.4365, -0.2982, 1.6080, -0.6080}, |
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| 319 | {-0.4253, -0.3037, 1.6120, -0.6150}, |
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| 320 | {-0.4335, -0.3245, 1.6160, -0.6377}, |
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| 321 | {-0.4307, -0.3292, 1.6210, -0.6447}, |
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| 322 | {-0.4284, -0.3204, 1.6290, -0.6380}, |
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| 323 | {-0.4227, -0.3217, 1.6360, -0.6438} |
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| 324 | } ; |
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| 325 | |
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| 326 | G4int iz = (G4int)zeff - 2 ; |
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| 327 | if( 0 > iz ) iz = 0 ; |
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| 328 | if(95 < iz ) iz = 95 ; |
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| 329 | |
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| 330 | G4double q = 1.0 / (1.0 + a[iz][0]*pow(energy,a[iz][1])+ |
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| 331 | + a[iz][2]*pow(energy,a[iz][3])) ; |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | return q ; |
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| 334 | } |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | G4double G4IonFluctuations::CoeffitientB(const G4Material* material, G4double& zeff) |
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| 339 | { |
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| 340 | // The aproximation of energy loss fluctuations |
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| 341 | // Q.Yang et al., NIM B61(1991)149-155. |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | // Reduced energy in MeV/AMU |
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| 344 | G4double energy = kineticEnergy *amu_c2/(particleMass*MeV) ; |
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| 345 | |
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| 346 | G4int i = 0 ; |
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| 347 | G4double factor = 1.0 ; |
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| 348 | |
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| 349 | // The index of set of parameters i = 0 for protons(hadrons) in gases |
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| 350 | // 1 for protons(hadrons) in solids |
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| 351 | // 2 for ions in atomic gases |
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| 352 | // 3 for ions in molecular gases |
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| 353 | // 4 for ions in solids |
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| 354 | static G4double b[5][4] = { |
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| 355 | {0.1014, 0.3700, 0.9642, 3.987}, |
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| 356 | {0.1955, 0.6941, 2.522, 1.040}, |
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| 357 | {0.05058, 0.08975, 0.1419, 10.80}, |
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| 358 | {0.05009, 0.08660, 0.2751, 3.787}, |
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| 359 | {0.01273, 0.03458, 0.3951, 3.812} |
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| 360 | } ; |
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| 361 | |
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| 362 | // protons (hadrons) |
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| 363 | if(1.5 > charge) { |
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| 364 | if( kStateGas != material->GetState() ) i = 1 ; |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | // ions |
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| 367 | } else { |
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| 368 | factor = charge * pow(charge/zeff, 0.3333) ; |
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| 369 | |
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| 370 | if( kStateGas == material->GetState() ) { |
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| 371 | energy /= (charge * sqrt(charge)) ; |
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| 372 | |
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| 373 | if(1 == (material->GetNumberOfElements())) { |
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| 374 | i = 2 ; |
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| 375 | } else { |
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| 376 | i = 3 ; |
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| 377 | } |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | } else { |
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| 380 | energy /= (charge * sqrt(charge*zeff)) ; |
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| 381 | i = 4 ; |
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| 382 | } |
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| 383 | } |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | G4double x = b[i][2] * (1.0 - exp( - energy * b[i][3] )) ; |
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| 386 | |
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| 387 | G4double q = factor * x * b[i][0] / |
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| 388 | ((energy - b[i][1])*(energy - b[i][1]) + x*x) ; |
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| 389 | |
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| 390 | return q ; |
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| 391 | } |
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| 392 | |
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| 393 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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| 394 | |
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| 395 | G4double G4IonFluctuations::RelativisticFactor(const G4Material* material, |
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| 396 | G4double& zeff) |
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| 397 | { |
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| 398 | // H.Geissel et al. NIM B, 195 (2002) 3. |
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| 399 | G4double eF = material->GetIonisation()->GetFermiEnergy(); |
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| 400 | G4double bF2= 2.0*eF/electron_mass_c2; |
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| 401 | G4double I = material->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy(); |
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| 402 | G4double f = 0.4*(1.0 - beta2)/((1.0 - 0.5*beta2)*zeff); |
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| 403 | if(beta2 > bF2) f *= log(2.0*electron_mass_c2*beta2/I)*bF2/beta2; |
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| 404 | else f *= log(4.0*eF/I); |
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| 405 | |
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| 406 | return 1.0 + f; |
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| 407 | } |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... |
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