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// $Id: G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel.cc,v 1.9 2009/08/13 11:32:47 sincerti Exp $
// GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-03 $
//

#include "G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel.hh"

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using namespace std;

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G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel
(const G4ParticleDefinition*, const G4String& nam)
:G4VEmModel(nam),isInitialised(false)
{

  killBelowEnergy = 8.23*eV; // Minimum e- energy for energy loss by excitation
  lowEnergyLimit = 0 * eV; 
  lowEnergyLimitOfModel = 7 * eV; // The model lower energy is 7 eV
  intermediateEnergyLimit = 200 * eV; // Switch between two final state models
  highEnergyLimit = 10 * MeV;
  SetLowEnergyLimit(lowEnergyLimit);
  SetHighEnergyLimit(highEnergyLimit);

  verboseLevel= 0;
  // Verbosity scale:
  // 0 = nothing 
  // 1 = warning for energy non-conservation 
  // 2 = details of energy budget
  // 3 = calculation of cross sections, file openings, sampling of atoms
  // 4 = entering in methods
  
  if( verboseLevel>0 ) 
  { 
    G4cout << "Screened Rutherford Elastic model is constructed " << G4endl
           << "Energy range: "
           << lowEnergyLimit / eV << " eV - "
           << highEnergyLimit / MeV << " MeV"
           << G4endl;
  }
  
}

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G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::~G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel()
{}

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void G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* /*particle*/,
                                       const G4DataVector& /*cuts*/)
{

  if (verboseLevel > 3)
    G4cout << "Calling G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::Initialise()" << G4endl;

  // Energy limits
  
  if (LowEnergyLimit() < lowEnergyLimit)
  {
    G4cout << "G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel: low energy limit increased from " << 
	LowEnergyLimit()/eV << " eV to " << lowEnergyLimit/eV << " eV" << G4endl;
    SetLowEnergyLimit(lowEnergyLimit);
    }

  if (HighEnergyLimit() > highEnergyLimit)
  {
    G4cout << "G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel: high energy limit decreased from " << 
        HighEnergyLimit()/MeV << " MeV to " << highEnergyLimit/MeV << " MeV" << G4endl;
    SetHighEnergyLimit(highEnergyLimit);
  }

  // Constants for final stae by Brenner & Zaider
  
  betaCoeff.push_back(7.51525);
  betaCoeff.push_back(-0.41912);    
  betaCoeff.push_back(7.2017E-3);
  betaCoeff.push_back(-4.646E-5);    
  betaCoeff.push_back(1.02897E-7);

  deltaCoeff.push_back(2.9612); 
  deltaCoeff.push_back(-0.26376); 
  deltaCoeff.push_back(4.307E-3); 
  deltaCoeff.push_back(-2.6895E-5);
  deltaCoeff.push_back(5.83505E-8);

  gamma035_10Coeff.push_back(-1.7013); 
  gamma035_10Coeff.push_back(-1.48284); 
  gamma035_10Coeff.push_back(0.6331); 
  gamma035_10Coeff.push_back(-0.10911); 
  gamma035_10Coeff.push_back(8.358E-3); 
  gamma035_10Coeff.push_back(-2.388E-4);

  gamma10_100Coeff.push_back(-3.32517); 
  gamma10_100Coeff.push_back(0.10996); 
  gamma10_100Coeff.push_back(-4.5255E-3); 
  gamma10_100Coeff.push_back(5.8372E-5); 
  gamma10_100Coeff.push_back(-2.4659E-7);

  gamma100_200Coeff.push_back(2.4775E-2);
  gamma100_200Coeff.push_back(-2.96264E-5);
  gamma100_200Coeff.push_back(-1.20655E-7);

  //

  if( verboseLevel>0 ) 
  { 
    G4cout << "Screened Rutherford elastic model is initialized " << G4endl
           << "Energy range: "
           << LowEnergyLimit() / eV << " eV - "
           << HighEnergyLimit() / MeV << " MeV"
           << G4endl;
  }
  
  if(!isInitialised) 
  {
    isInitialised = true;
  
    if(pParticleChange)
      fParticleChangeForGamma = reinterpret_cast<G4ParticleChangeForGamma*>(pParticleChange);
    else
      fParticleChangeForGamma = new G4ParticleChangeForGamma();
  }    

  // InitialiseElementSelectors(particle,cuts);

  // Test if water material

  flagMaterialIsWater= false;
  densityWater = 0;

  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();

  if(theCoupleTable) 
  {
    G4int numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
  
    if(numOfCouples>0) 
    {
	  for (G4int i=0; i<numOfCouples; i++) 
	  {
	    const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple = theCoupleTable->GetMaterialCutsCouple(i);
	    const G4Material* material = couple->GetMaterial();

            if (material->GetName() == "G4_WATER") 
            {
              G4double density = material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector()[1];
	      flagMaterialIsWater = true; 
	      densityWater = density; 
	      
	      if (verboseLevel > 3) 
              G4cout << "****** Water material is found with density(cm^-3)=" << density/(cm*cm*cm) << G4endl;
            }
  
          }

    } // if(numOfCouples>0)

  } // if (theCoupleTable)

}

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G4double G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::CrossSectionPerVolume(const G4Material*,
					   const G4ParticleDefinition*,
					   G4double ekin,
					   G4double,
					   G4double)
{
  if (verboseLevel > 3)
    G4cout << "Calling CrossSectionPerVolume() of G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel" << G4endl;

 // Calculate total cross section for model

 G4double sigma=0;
 
 if (flagMaterialIsWater)
 {

  if (ekin < highEnergyLimit)
  {
      
      //SI : XS must not be zero otherwise sampling of secondaries method ignored
      if (ekin < lowEnergyLimitOfModel) ekin = lowEnergyLimitOfModel;
      //
      
      G4double z = 10.;
      G4double n = ScreeningFactor(ekin,z);
      G4double crossSection = RutherfordCrossSection(ekin, z);
      sigma = pi *  crossSection / (n * (n + 1.));  
  }

  if (verboseLevel > 3)
  {
    G4cout << "---> Kinetic energy(eV)=" << ekin/eV << G4endl;
    G4cout << " - Cross section per water molecule (cm^2)=" << sigma/cm/cm << G4endl;
    G4cout << " - Cross section per water molecule (cm^-1)=" << sigma*densityWater/(1./cm) << G4endl;
  } 

 } // if (flagMaterialIsWater)

 return sigma*densityWater;		   
}

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G4double G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::RutherfordCrossSection(G4double k, G4double z)
{
  //   
  //                               e^4         /      K + m_e c^2      \^2
  // sigma_Ruth(K) = Z (Z+1) -------------------- | --------------------- |
  //                          (4 pi epsilon_0)^2  \  K * (K + 2 m_e c^2)  /
  //
  // Where K is the electron non-relativistic kinetic energy
  // 
  // NIM 155, pp. 145-156, 1978
  
  G4double length =(e_squared * (k + electron_mass_c2)) / (4 * pi *epsilon0 * k * ( k + 2 * electron_mass_c2));
  G4double cross = z * ( z + 1) * length * length;
  
  return cross;
}

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G4double G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::ScreeningFactor(G4double k, G4double z)
{
  //
  //         alpha_1 + beta_1 ln(K/eV)   constK Z^(2/3)
  // n(T) = -------------------------- -----------------
  //              K/(m_e c^2)            2 + K/(m_e c^2)
  //
  // Where K is the electron non-relativistic kinetic energy
  //
  // n(T) > 0 for T < ~ 400 MeV
  // 
  // NIM 155, pp. 145-156, 1978
  // Formulae (2) and (5)

  const G4double alpha_1(1.64);
  const G4double beta_1(-0.0825);
  const G4double constK(1.7E-5);

  G4double numerator = (alpha_1 + beta_1 * std::log(k/eV)) * constK * std::pow(z, 2./3.);

  k /= electron_mass_c2;

  G4double denominator = k * (2 + k);

  G4double value = 0.;
  if (denominator > 0.) value = numerator / denominator;

  return value;
}

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void G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* /*fvect*/,
					      const G4MaterialCutsCouple* /*couple*/,
					      const G4DynamicParticle* aDynamicElectron,
					      G4double,
					      G4double)
{

  if (verboseLevel > 3)
    G4cout << "Calling SampleSecondaries() of G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel" << G4endl;

  G4double electronEnergy0 = aDynamicElectron->GetKineticEnergy();
  
  if (electronEnergy0 < killBelowEnergy)
  {
    fParticleChangeForGamma->ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
    fParticleChangeForGamma->ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(electronEnergy0);
    return ;
  }

  G4double cosTheta = 0.;

  if (electronEnergy0>= killBelowEnergy && electronEnergy0 < highEnergyLimit)
  {  
    if (electronEnergy0<intermediateEnergyLimit)
    {
    if (verboseLevel > 3) G4cout << "---> Using Brenner & Zaider model" << G4endl;
    cosTheta = BrennerZaiderRandomizeCosTheta(electronEnergy0);
    } 

    if (electronEnergy0>=intermediateEnergyLimit)
    {
    if (verboseLevel > 3) G4cout << "---> Using Screened Rutherford model" << G4endl;
    G4double z = 10.;
    cosTheta = ScreenedRutherfordRandomizeCosTheta(electronEnergy0,z);
    } 

    G4double phi = 2. * pi * G4UniformRand();

    G4ThreeVector zVers = aDynamicElectron->GetMomentumDirection();
    G4ThreeVector xVers = zVers.orthogonal();
    G4ThreeVector yVers = zVers.cross(xVers);

    G4double xDir = std::sqrt(1. - cosTheta*cosTheta);
    G4double yDir = xDir;
    xDir *= std::cos(phi);
    yDir *= std::sin(phi);

    G4ThreeVector zPrimeVers((xDir*xVers + yDir*yVers + cosTheta*zVers));

    fParticleChangeForGamma->ProposeMomentumDirection(zPrimeVers.unit()) ;

    fParticleChangeForGamma->SetProposedKineticEnergy(electronEnergy0);
  }

}

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G4double G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::BrennerZaiderRandomizeCosTheta(G4double k)
{
  //  d sigma_el                         1                                 beta(K)
  // ------------ (K) ~ --------------------------------- + ---------------------------------
  //   d Omega           (1 + 2 gamma(K) - cos(theta))^2     (1 + 2 delta(K) + cos(theta))^2
  //
  // Maximum is < 1/(4 gamma(K)^2) + beta(K)/((2+2delta(K))^2)
  //
  // Phys. Med. Biol. 29 N.4 (1983) 443-447
  
  // gamma(K), beta(K) and delta(K) are polynomials with coefficients for energy measured in eV

  k /= eV;
  
  G4double beta = std::exp(CalculatePolynomial(k,betaCoeff)); 
  G4double delta = std::exp(CalculatePolynomial(k,deltaCoeff)); 
  G4double gamma;
  
  if (k > 100.)
  {
      gamma = CalculatePolynomial(k, gamma100_200Coeff); 
      // Only in this case it is not the exponent of the polynomial
  }  
  else 
  {
      if (k>10)
      {
	  gamma = std::exp(CalculatePolynomial(k, gamma10_100Coeff));
      }
      else
      {
	  gamma = std::exp(CalculatePolynomial(k, gamma035_10Coeff));
      }
  }

  // ***** Original method 

  G4double oneOverMax = 1. / (1./(4.*gamma*gamma) + beta/( (2.+2.*delta)*(2.+2.*delta) ));
  
  G4double cosTheta = 0.;
  G4double leftDenominator = 0.;
  G4double rightDenominator = 0.;
  G4double fCosTheta = 0.;
  
  do
  {
      cosTheta = 2. * G4UniformRand() - 1.;
      
      leftDenominator = (1. + 2.*gamma - cosTheta);
      rightDenominator = (1. + 2.*delta + cosTheta);
      if ( (leftDenominator * rightDenominator) != 0. )
      {
	  fCosTheta = oneOverMax * (1./(leftDenominator*leftDenominator) + beta/(rightDenominator*rightDenominator));
      }
  }
  while (fCosTheta < G4UniformRand());

  return cosTheta; 

  // ***** Alternative method using cumulative probability 
/* 
 G4double cosTheta = -1;
 G4double cumul = 0;
 G4double value = 0;
 G4double leftDenominator = 0.;
 G4double rightDenominator = 0.;
  
 // Number of integration steps in the -1,1 range
 G4int iMax=200;
 
 G4double random = G4UniformRand();
 
 // Cumulate differential cross section
 for (G4int i=0; i<iMax; i++) 
 {
   cosTheta = -1 + i*2./(iMax-1);
   leftDenominator = (1. + 2.*gamma - cosTheta);
   rightDenominator = (1. + 2.*delta + cosTheta);
   if ( (leftDenominator * rightDenominator) != 0. )
   {
     cumul = cumul + (1./(leftDenominator*leftDenominator) + beta/(rightDenominator*rightDenominator));
   }
 }
 
 // Select cosTheta
 for (G4int i=0; i<iMax; i++) 
 {
   cosTheta = -1 + i*2./(iMax-1);
   leftDenominator = (1. + 2.*gamma - cosTheta);
   rightDenominator = (1. + 2.*delta + cosTheta);
   if (cumul !=0 && (leftDenominator * rightDenominator) != 0.) 
       value = value + (1./(leftDenominator*leftDenominator) + beta/(rightDenominator*rightDenominator)) / cumul;
   if (random < value) break; 
 } 

 return cosTheta;
*/

}

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G4double G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::CalculatePolynomial(G4double k, std::vector<G4double>& vec)
{
  // Sum_{i=0}^{size-1} vector_i k^i
  //
  // Phys. Med. Biol. 29 N.4 (1983) 443-447

  G4double result = 0.;
  size_t size = vec.size();

  while (size>0)
    {
      size--; 
      
      result *= k;
      result += vec[size];
    }
  
  return result;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4double G4DNAScreenedRutherfordElasticModel::ScreenedRutherfordRandomizeCosTheta(G4double k, G4double z)
{

 //  d sigma_el                sigma_Ruth(K)
 // ------------ (K) ~ -----------------------------
 //   d Omega           (1 + 2 n(K) - cos(theta))^2
 //
 // We extract cos(theta) distributed as (1 + 2 n(K) - cos(theta))^-2
 //
 // Maximum is for theta=0: 1/(4 n(K)^2) (When n(K) is positive, that is always satisfied within the validity of the process)
 //
 // Phys. Med. Biol. 45 (2000) 3171-3194

 // ***** Original method 

 G4double n = ScreeningFactor(k, z);

 G4double oneOverMax = (4.*n*n);

 G4double cosTheta = 0.;
 G4double fCosTheta;

 do 
 { 
   cosTheta = 2. * G4UniformRand() - 1.;
   fCosTheta = (1 + 2.*n - cosTheta);
   if (fCosTheta !=0.) fCosTheta = oneOverMax / (fCosTheta*fCosTheta);
 }
 while (fCosTheta < G4UniformRand());
 
 return cosTheta;
  
 // ***** Alternative method using cumulative probability 
/*
 G4double cosTheta = -1;
 G4double cumul = 0;
 G4double value = 0;
 G4double n = ScreeningFactor(k, z);
 G4double fCosTheta;
  
 // Number of integration steps in the -1,1 range
 G4int iMax=200;
 
 G4double random = G4UniformRand();
 
 // Cumulate differential cross section
 for (G4int i=0; i<iMax; i++) 
 {
   cosTheta = -1 + i*2./(iMax-1);
   fCosTheta = (1 + 2.*n - cosTheta);
   if (fCosTheta !=0.) cumul = cumul + 1./(fCosTheta*fCosTheta);
 }
 
 // Select cosTheta
 for (G4int i=0; i<iMax; i++) 
 {
   cosTheta = -1 + i*2./(iMax-1);
   fCosTheta = (1 + 2.*n - cosTheta);
   if (cumul !=0.) value = value + (1./(fCosTheta*fCosTheta)) / cumul;
   if (random < value) break; 
 } 
 return cosTheta;
*/
}

