//
// ********************************************************************
// * License and Disclaimer                                           *
// *                                                                  *
// * The  Geant4 software  is  copyright of the Copyright Holders  of *
// * the Geant4 Collaboration.  It is provided  under  the terms  and *
// * conditions of the Geant4 Software License,  included in the file *
// * LICENSE and available at  http://cern.ch/geant4/license .  These *
// * include a list of copyright holders.                             *
// *                                                                  *
// * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing *
// * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
// * work  make  any representation or  warranty, express or implied, *
// * regarding  this  software system or assume any liability for its *
// * use.  Please see the license in the file  LICENSE  and URL above *
// * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability.         *
// *                                                                  *
// * This  code  implementation is the result of  the  scientific and *
// * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration.                      *
// * By using,  copying,  modifying or  distributing the software (or *
// * any work based  on the software)  you  agree  to acknowledge its *
// * use  in  resulting  scientific  publications,  and indicate your *
// * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license.          *
// ********************************************************************
//
//
// $Id: G4MaterialsTest.cc,v 1.9 2006/06/29 19:13:14 gunter Exp $
// GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-09-04-ref-00 $
//
// 
// ------------------------------------------------------------
//
//
//  This program illustrates the different ways to define materials
//

#include "G4ios.hh"
#include "G4Isotope.hh"
#include "G4Element.hh"
#include "G4Material.hh"
#include "G4UnitsTable.hh"

int main() {

G4String name, symbol;             // a=mass of a mole;
G4double a, z, density;            // z=mean number of protons;  
G4int iz, n;                       //iz=nb of protons  in an isotope; 
                                   // n=nb of nucleons in an isotope;

G4int ncomponents, natoms;
G4double abundance, fractionmass;
G4double temperature, pressure;

G4UnitDefinition::BuildUnitsTable();

//
// define Elements
//

a = 1.01*g/mole;
G4Element* elH  = new G4Element(name="Hydrogen",symbol="H" , z= 1., a);

a = 12.01*g/mole;
G4Element* elC  = new G4Element(name="Carbon"  ,symbol="C" , z= 6., a);

a = 14.01*g/mole;
G4Element* elN  = new G4Element(name="Nitrogen",symbol="N" , z= 7., a);

a = 16.00*g/mole;
G4Element* elO  = new G4Element(name="Oxygen"  ,symbol="O" , z= 8., a);

a = 28.09*g/mole;
G4Element* elSi = new G4Element(name="Silicon",symbol="Si" , z= 14., a);

a = 55.85*g/mole;
G4Element* elFe = new G4Element(name="Iron"    ,symbol="Fe", z=26., a);

//
// define an Element from isotopes, by relative abundance 
//

G4Isotope* U5 = new G4Isotope(name="U235", iz=92, n=235);
G4Isotope* U8 = new G4Isotope(name="U238", iz=92, n=238);

G4Element* elU=new G4Element(name="enriched Uranium",symbol="U",ncomponents=2);
elU->AddIsotope(U5, abundance= 90.*perCent);
elU->AddIsotope(U8, abundance= 10.*perCent);


G4cout << *(G4Isotope::GetIsotopeTable()) << G4endl;

G4cout << *(G4Element::GetElementTable()) << G4endl;

//
// define simple materials
//

density = 2.700*g/cm3;
a = 26.98*g/mole;
G4Material* Al = new G4Material(name="Aluminium", z=13., a, density);

density = 1.390*g/cm3;
a = 39.95*g/mole;
G4Material* lAr = new G4Material(name="liquidArgon", z=18., a, density);

density = 8.960*g/cm3;
a = 63.55*g/mole;
G4Material* Cu = new G4Material(name="Copper"   , z=29., a, density);

density = 11.35*g/cm3;
a = 207.19*g/mole;
G4Material* Pb = new G4Material(name="Lead "     , z=82., a, density);

//
// define a material from elements.   case 1: chemical molecule
//
 
density = 1.000*g/cm3;
G4Material* H2O = new G4Material(name="Water", density, ncomponents=2);
H2O->AddElement(elH, natoms=2);
H2O->AddElement(elO, natoms=1);

density = 1.032*g/cm3;
G4Material* Sci = new G4Material(name="Scintillator", density, ncomponents=2);
Sci->AddElement(elC, natoms=9);
Sci->AddElement(elH, natoms=10);

density = 2.200*g/cm3;
G4Material* SiO2 = new G4Material(name="quartz", density, ncomponents=2);
SiO2->AddElement(elSi, natoms=1);
SiO2->AddElement(elO , natoms=2);

//
// define a material from elements.   case 2: mixture by fractional mass
//

density = 1.290*mg/cm3;
G4Material* Air = new G4Material(name="Air  "  , density, ncomponents=2);
Air->AddElement(elN, fractionmass=0.7);
Air->AddElement(elO, fractionmass=0.3);

//
// define a material from elements and/or others materials (mixture of mixtures)
//

density = 0.200*g/cm3;
G4Material* Aerog = new G4Material(name="Aerogel", density, ncomponents=3);
Aerog->AddMaterial(SiO2, fractionmass=0.625);
Aerog->AddMaterial(H2O , fractionmass=0.374);
Aerog->AddElement (elC , fractionmass=0.1*perCent);

//
// examples of gas in non STP conditions
//

density     = 27.*mg/cm3;
pressure    = 50.*atmosphere;
temperature = 325.*kelvin;
G4Material* CO2 = new G4Material(name="Carbonic gas", density, ncomponents=2,
                                     kStateGas,temperature,pressure);
CO2->AddElement(elC, natoms=1);
CO2->AddElement(elO, natoms=2);

density     = 2.67*mg/cm3;
pressure    = 1.*atmosphere;
temperature = 273.15*kelvin;
G4Material* C4H10 = new G4Material(name="isobutane", density, ncomponents=2,
                                     kStateGas,temperature,pressure);
C4H10->AddElement(elC, natoms=4);
C4H10->AddElement(elH, natoms=10);
 
density     = 0.3*mg/cm3;
pressure    = 2.*atmosphere;
temperature = 500.*kelvin;
G4Material* steam = new G4Material(name="Water steam ", density, ncomponents=1,
                                      kStateGas,temperature,pressure);
steam->AddMaterial(H2O, fractionmass=1.);

//
// examples of vacuum
//

density     = universe_mean_density;                //from PhysicalConstants.h
pressure    = 3.e-18*pascal;
temperature = 2.73*kelvin;
new G4Material(name="Galactic", z=1., a=1.01*g/mole, density,
                   kStateGas,temperature,pressure);

density     = 1.e-5*g/cm3;
pressure    = 2.e-2*bar;
temperature = STP_Temperature;                      //from PhysicalConstants.h
G4Material* beam = new G4Material(name="Beam ", density, ncomponents=1,
                                      kStateGas,temperature,pressure);
beam->AddMaterial(Air, fractionmass=1.);

//
// Print the table of materials
//

G4cout << *(G4Material::GetMaterialTable()) << G4endl;

//
// print additional informations
//
G4cout << " Nuclear interaction length of Aluminium: " 
       << Al->GetNuclearInterLength()/cm << " cm" << G4endl;
       
G4cout << " Nuclear interaction length of Lead: " 
       << Pb->GetNuclearInterLength()/cm << " cm" << G4endl;
              
G4cout << " Nuclear interaction length of Water: " 
       << H2O->GetNuclearInterLength()/cm << " cm" << G4endl;
       
G4cout << " Nuclear interaction length of Aerogel: " 
       << Aerog->GetNuclearInterLength()/cm << " cm" << G4endl;
             
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
