1 | <chapter name="Extra-Dimensional Processes"> |
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2 | |
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3 | <h2>Extra-Dimensional Processes</h2> |
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4 | |
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5 | Scenarios with extra dimensions (ED) allow a multitude of processes. |
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6 | Currently three different categories of processes are implemented. |
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7 | The first involves the production of excited Kaluza Klein states |
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8 | within so-called Randall-Sundrum (RS) scenarios, the second is |
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9 | related to resonance production in TeV-1 sized extra dimensions |
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10 | and the third relates to phenomena from large extra dimensions (LED). |
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11 | Due to the close relation between the LED model and a so-called |
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12 | unparticle model, similar unparticle processes are also kept in this |
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13 | section. |
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14 | |
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15 | <h3>Randall-Sundrum Resonances, production processes</h3> |
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16 | |
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17 | The graviton (G*) and gluon (KKgluon*) resonance states are assigned |
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18 | PDG code 5100039 and 5100021 respectively. The G* processes are |
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19 | described in <ref>Bij01</ref> and the KKgluon* process in <ref>Ask11</ref>. |
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20 | Decays into fermion and boson pairs are handled with the correct |
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21 | angular distributions, while subsequent decays are handled |
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22 | isotropically. |
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23 | |
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24 | <p/> |
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25 | There are two lowest-order processes that together normally |
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26 | should be sufficient for a simulation of <ei>G^*</ei> production. |
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27 | |
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28 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:all" default="off"> |
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29 | Common switch for the group of lowest-order <ei>G^*</ei> production |
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30 | processes, i.e. the two ones below. |
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31 | </flag> |
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32 | |
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33 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:gg2G*" default="off"> |
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34 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> G^*</ei>. |
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35 | Code 5001. |
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36 | </flag> |
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37 | |
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38 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:ffbar2G*" default="off"> |
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39 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> G^*</ei>. |
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40 | Code 5002. |
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41 | </flag> |
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42 | |
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43 | <p/> |
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44 | In addition there are three first-order processes included. These |
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45 | are of less interest, but can be used for dedicated studies of the |
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46 | high-<ei>pT</ei> tail of <ei>G^*</ei> production. As usual, it would |
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47 | be double counting to include the lowest-order and first-order |
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48 | processes simultaneously. Therefore the latter ones are not included |
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49 | with the <code>ExtraDimensionsG*:all = on</code> option. In this set |
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50 | of processes all decay angles are assumed isotropic. |
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51 | |
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52 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:gg2G*g" default="off"> |
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53 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> G^* g</ei>. |
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54 | Code 5003. |
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55 | </flag> |
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56 | |
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57 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:qg2G*q" default="off"> |
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58 | Scatterings <ei>q g -> G^* q</ei>. |
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59 | Code 5004. |
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60 | </flag> |
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61 | |
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62 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:qqbar2G*g" default="off"> |
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63 | Scatterings <ei>q qbar -> G^* g</ei>. |
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64 | Code 5005. |
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65 | </flag> |
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66 | |
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67 | <p/> |
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68 | There is also one process for the production of a gluon resonance. |
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69 | |
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70 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:qqbar2KKgluon*" default="off"> |
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71 | Scatterings <ei>q qbar -> g^*/KKgluon^*</ei>. |
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72 | Code 5006. |
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73 | </flag> |
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74 | |
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75 | <h3>Randall-Sundrum Resonances, parameters</h3> |
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76 | |
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77 | In the above scenario the main free parameters are the masses, which |
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78 | are set as usual. In addition there are the following coupling parameters. |
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79 | The coupling <ei>kappaMG</ei> follows the conventions in <ref>Bij01</ref>, |
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80 | where as the flavour dependent couplings follow the conventions used in |
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81 | <ref>Dav01</ref>. |
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82 | |
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83 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:SMinBulk" default="off"> |
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84 | Parameter to choose between the two scenarios: |
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85 | <ei>off</ei>, SM on the TeV brane (common <ei>kappaMG</ei> coupling); |
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86 | <ei>on</ei>, SM in the ED bulk (flavour dependent couplings). |
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87 | This parameter is only relevant for the lowest-order graviton |
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88 | (<ei>G*</ei>) processes, where as the first-order processes |
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89 | corresponds to the <ei>off</ei> scenario. |
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90 | </flag> |
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91 | |
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92 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsG*:VLVL" default="on"> |
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93 | Parameter to specify Z/W coupling scenario: |
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94 | <ei>off</ei>, usual Z/W boson couplings; |
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95 | <ei>on</ei>, coupling only to longitudinal Z/W bosons. |
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96 | In both cases the <ei>GZZ</ei> and <ei>GWW</ei> values are used |
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97 | and this parameter is only relevant when <ei>SMinBulk = on</ei>. |
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98 | The formulas for longitudinal bosons should be appropriate up to |
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99 | <ei>O(m_V/E_V)</ei> corrections. |
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100 | </flag> |
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101 | |
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102 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:kappaMG" default="0.054" min="0.0"> |
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103 | dimensionless coupling, which enters quadratically in all partial |
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104 | widths of the <ei>G^*</ei>. Is |
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105 | <ei>kappa m_G* = sqrt(2) x_1 k / Mbar_Pl</ei>, |
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106 | where <ei>x_1 = 3.83</ei> is the first zero of the <ei>J_1</ei> Bessel |
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107 | function and <ei>Mbar_Pl</ei> is the modified Planck mass. |
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108 | </parm> |
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109 | |
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110 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Gll" default="0.0" min="0.0"> |
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111 | Coupling between graviton and leptons. |
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112 | </parm> |
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113 | |
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114 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Gqq" default="0.0" min="0.0"> |
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115 | Coupling between graviton and light quarks. |
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116 | </parm> |
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117 | |
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118 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Gbb" default="0.0" min="0.0"> |
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119 | Coupling between graviton and bottom quark. |
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120 | </parm> |
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121 | |
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122 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Gtt" default="0.001" min="0.0"> |
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123 | Coupling between graviton and top quark. |
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124 | </parm> |
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125 | |
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126 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Ggg" default="0.000013" min="0.0"> |
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127 | Coupling between graviton and gluon. |
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128 | </parm> |
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129 | |
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130 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Ggmgm" default="0.000013" min="0.0"> |
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131 | Coupling between graviton and gamma. |
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132 | </parm> |
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133 | |
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134 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:GZZ" default="0.001" min="0.0"> |
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135 | Coupling between graviton and Z boson. |
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136 | </parm> |
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137 | |
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138 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:GWW" default="0.001" min="0.0"> |
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139 | Coupling between graviton and W boson. |
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140 | </parm> |
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141 | |
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142 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:Ghh" default="0.001" min="0.0"> |
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143 | Coupling between graviton and Higgs bosons. |
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144 | </parm> |
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145 | |
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146 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKgqR" default="-0.2"> |
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147 | Coupling between KK-gluon and a right-handed light quark. |
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148 | </parm> |
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149 | |
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150 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKgqL" default="-0.2"> |
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151 | Coupling between KK-gluon and a left-handed light quark. |
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152 | </parm> |
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153 | |
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154 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKgbR" default="-0.2"> |
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155 | Coupling between KK-gluon and a right-handed bottom quark. |
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156 | </parm> |
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157 | |
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158 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKgbL" default="1.0"> |
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159 | Coupling between KK-gluon and a left-handed bottom quark. |
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160 | </parm> |
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161 | |
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162 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKgtR" default="4.0"> |
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163 | Coupling between KK-gluon and a right-handed top quark. |
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164 | </parm> |
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165 | |
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166 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKgtL" default="1.0"> |
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167 | Coupling between KK-gluon and a left-handed top quark. |
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168 | </parm> |
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169 | |
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170 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsG*:KKintMode" default="0" min="0" max="2"> |
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171 | Choice of full <ei>g^*/KK-gluon^*</ei> structure or not in relevant |
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172 | processes. |
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173 | <option value="0">full <ei>g^*/KK-gluon^*</ei> structure, with |
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174 | interference included.</option> |
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175 | <option value="1">only pure <ei>gluon_{SM}</ei> contribution.</option> |
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176 | <option value="2">only pure <ei>gluon_{KK}</ei> contribution.</option> |
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177 | </modepick> |
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178 | |
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179 | <h3>TeV^-1 Sized Extra Dimension, production processes</h3> |
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180 | |
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181 | This section contains a processes involving the production |
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182 | of electroweak KK gauge bosons, i.e. <ei>gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}</ei>, |
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183 | in one TeV^-1 sized extra dimension. The process is described |
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184 | in <ref>Bel10</ref> and allows for individual final states to be |
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185 | specified. |
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186 | |
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187 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2ddbar" default="off"> |
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188 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> d dbar </ei>, |
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189 | Code 5061. |
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190 | </flag> |
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191 | |
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192 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2uubar" default="off"> |
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193 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> u ubar </ei>, |
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194 | Code 5062. |
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195 | </flag> |
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196 | |
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197 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2ssbar" default="off"> |
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198 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> s sbar </ei>, |
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199 | Code 5063. |
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200 | </flag> |
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201 | |
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202 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2ccbar" default="off"> |
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203 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> c cbar </ei>, |
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204 | Code 5064. |
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205 | </flag> |
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206 | |
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207 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2bbbar" default="off"> |
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208 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> b bbar </ei>, |
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209 | Code 5065. |
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210 | </flag> |
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211 | |
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212 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2ttbar" default="off"> |
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213 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> t tbar </ei>, |
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214 | Code 5066. |
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215 | </flag> |
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216 | |
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217 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2e+e-" default="off"> |
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218 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> e+ e- </ei>, |
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219 | Code 5071. |
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220 | </flag> |
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221 | |
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222 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2nuenuebar" default="off"> |
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223 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> nue nuebar </ei>, |
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224 | Code 5072. |
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225 | </flag> |
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226 | |
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227 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2mu+mu-" default="off"> |
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228 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> mu+ mu- </ei>, |
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229 | Code 5073. |
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230 | </flag> |
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231 | |
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232 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2numunumubar" default="off"> |
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233 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> numu numubar </ei>, |
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234 | Code 5074. |
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235 | </flag> |
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236 | |
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237 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2tau+tau-" default="off"> |
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238 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> tau+ tau- </ei>, |
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239 | Code 5075. |
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240 | </flag> |
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241 | |
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242 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:ffbar2nutaunutaubar" default="off"> |
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243 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}) -> nutau nutaubar </ei>, |
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244 | Code 5076. |
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245 | </flag> |
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246 | |
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247 | <h3>TeV^-1 Sized Extra Dimension, parameters</h3> |
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248 | |
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249 | Irrespective of the parameter options used, the particle produced, |
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250 | <ei>gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}</ei>, will always be assigned code 5000023. |
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251 | |
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252 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:gmZmode" default="3" min="0" max="5"> |
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253 | Choice of full <ei>gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}</ei> structure or not in relevant |
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254 | processes. |
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255 | <option value="0">full <ei>gamma_{SM}/Z_{SM}</ei> structure, with |
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256 | interference included.</option> |
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257 | <option value="1">only pure <ei>gamma_{SM}</ei> contribution.</option> |
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258 | <option value="2">only pure <ei>Z_{SM}</ei> contribution.</option> |
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259 | <option value="3">full <ei>gamma_{KK}/Z_{KK}</ei> structure, with |
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260 | interference included.</option> |
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261 | <option value="4">only pure <ei>gamma_{KK}</ei> contribution, with |
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262 | SM interference included.</option> |
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263 | <option value="5">only pure <ei>Z_{KK}</ei> contribution, with SM |
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264 | interference included.</option> |
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265 | </modepick> |
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266 | |
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267 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:nMax" default="10" min="1" max="100"> |
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268 | The number of included KK excitations. |
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269 | </parm> |
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270 | |
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271 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsTEV:mStar" default="4000.0" min="1000.0"> |
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272 | The KK mass <ei>m^*</ei>, given by the inverse of the single extra |
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273 | dimension radius. |
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274 | </parm> |
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275 | |
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276 | <h3>Large Extra Dimensions, production processes</h3> |
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277 | |
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278 | The LED graviton, where the KK-modes normally are summed and do not |
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279 | give rise to phenomena individually, is assigned PDG code 5000039. |
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280 | The graviton emission and virtual graviton exchange processes use |
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281 | the same implementation as the corresponding unparticle processes, |
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282 | which are all described in <ref>Ask10</ref>. It is also possible to |
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283 | generate monojet events from scalar graviton emission as described |
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284 | in <ref>Azu05</ref>, by turning on the option <ei>GravScalar</ei>. |
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285 | |
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286 | <p/> |
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287 | <ei>Note:</ei> As discussed in <ref>Ask09</ref>, for the graviton or |
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288 | unparticle emission processes the underlying Breit-Wigner mass |
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289 | distribution should be matched to the graviton mass spectrum in order |
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290 | to achieve an optimal MC efficiency. |
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291 | |
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292 | <p/> |
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293 | The following lowest order graviton emission processes are available. |
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294 | |
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295 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:monojet" default="off"> |
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296 | Common switch for the group of lowest-order <ei>G jet</ei> emission |
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297 | processes, i.e. the three ones below. |
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298 | </flag> |
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299 | |
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300 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:gg2Gg" default="off"> |
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301 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> G g</ei>. |
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302 | Code 5021. |
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303 | </flag> |
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304 | |
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305 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:qg2Gq" default="off"> |
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306 | Scatterings <ei>q g -> G q</ei>. |
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307 | Code 5022. |
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308 | </flag> |
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309 | |
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310 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:qqbar2Gg" default="off"> |
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311 | Scatterings <ei>q qbar -> G g</ei>. |
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312 | Code 5023. |
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313 | </flag> |
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314 | |
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315 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:ffbar2GZ" default="off"> |
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316 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> G Z</ei>. |
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317 | Code 5024. |
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318 | </flag> |
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319 | |
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320 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:ffbar2Ggamma" default="off"> |
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321 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> G gamma</ei>. This process corresponds |
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322 | to the photon limit of the <ei>G Z</ei> process, as described in |
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323 | <ref>Ask09</ref>. |
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324 | Code 5025. |
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325 | </flag> |
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326 | |
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327 | <p/> |
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328 | The following LED processes with virtual graviton exchange are |
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329 | available. |
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330 | |
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331 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:ffbar2gammagamma" default="off"> |
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332 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (LED G*) -> gamma gamma</ei>. If the |
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333 | graviton contribution is zero, the results corresponds to the |
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334 | SM contribution, i.e. equivalent to |
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335 | <code>PromptPhoton:ffbar2gammagamma</code>. |
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336 | Code 5026. |
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337 | </flag> |
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338 | |
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339 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:gg2gammagamma" default="off"> |
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340 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> (LED G*) -> gamma gamma</ei>. |
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341 | Code 5027. |
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342 | </flag> |
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343 | |
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344 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:ffbar2llbar" default="off"> |
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345 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (LED G*) -> l l </ei>, where |
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346 | <ei>l</ei> is a charged lepton. If the graviton contribution |
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347 | is zero, the results corresponds to the SM contribution, i.e. |
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348 | similar to <code>WeakSingleBoson:ffbar2gmZ</code>. Does not |
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349 | include t-channel amplitude relevant for e^+e^- to e^+e^- |
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350 | and no K-factor is used. |
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351 | Code 5028. |
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352 | </flag> |
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353 | |
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354 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:gg2llbar" default="off"> |
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355 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> (LED G*) -> l l</ei>. |
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356 | Code 5029. |
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357 | </flag> |
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358 | |
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359 | <p/> |
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360 | Dijet production including graviton exchange is also available, using |
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361 | the same effective theory approach as the LED G exchange processes |
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362 | above or including more detailed amplitudes in accordance with |
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363 | <ref>Fra11</ref>. In case of the latter, the value of <ei>LambdaT</ei> |
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364 | is used as the value of the cut-off scale <ei>Lambda</ei>. For this |
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365 | reason the dijet processes only relates to the LED model and no |
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366 | unparticle versions are available. The processes are grouped together |
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367 | like their <ei>HardQCD</ei> equivalents and should therefore converge |
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368 | to the same results in the limit of an insignificant graviton |
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369 | contribution. |
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370 | |
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371 | <p/> |
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372 | <ei>Warning:</ei> These LED dijets processes are still being validated. |
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373 | |
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374 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:dijets" default="off"> |
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375 | Common switch for the group of lowest-order <ei>jet jet</ei> |
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376 | production processes with graviton exchange, i.e. the six ones |
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377 | below. |
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378 | </flag> |
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379 | |
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380 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:gg2DJgg" default="off"> |
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381 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> (LED G*) -> g g</ei>. |
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382 | Code 5030. |
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383 | </flag> |
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384 | |
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385 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:gg2DJqqbar" default="off"> |
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386 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> (LED G*) -> q qbar</ei>. Number of |
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387 | outgoing flavours specified by <ei>nQuarkNew</ei> parameter |
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388 | below. |
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389 | Code 5031. |
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390 | </flag> |
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391 | |
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392 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:qg2DJqg" default="off"> |
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393 | Scatterings <ei>q g -> (LED G*) -> q g</ei> and |
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394 | <ei>qbar g -> (LED G*) -> qbar g</ei>. |
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395 | Code 5032. |
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396 | </flag> |
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397 | |
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398 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:qq2DJqq" default="off"> |
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399 | Scatterings <ei>q q(bar)' -> (LED G*) -> q q(bar)'</ei>. |
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400 | Including <ei>q</ei> and <ei>qbar</ei> of same or different |
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401 | flavours, but the outgoing flavours equals the incoming ones. |
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402 | Code 5033. |
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403 | </flag> |
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404 | |
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405 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:qqbar2DJgg" default="off"> |
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406 | Scatterings <ei>q qbar -> (LED G*) -> g g</ei>. |
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407 | Code 5034. |
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408 | </flag> |
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409 | |
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410 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:qqbar2DJqqbarNew" default="off"> |
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411 | Scatterings <ei>q qbar -> (LED G*) -> q' qbar'</ei>. Number of |
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412 | outgoing flavours specified by <ei>nQuarkNew</ei> parameter below. |
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413 | Code 5035. |
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414 | </flag> |
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415 | |
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416 | <h3>Large Extra Dimensions, parameters</h3> |
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417 | |
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418 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsLED:GravScalar" default="off"> |
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419 | Allow the monojet processes to produce scalar graviton emission |
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420 | instead of the default tensor one. The scalar option is according |
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421 | to the processes described in <ref>Azu05</ref> and includes two |
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422 | coupling constants below. |
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423 | </flag> |
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424 | |
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425 | <modeopen name="ExtraDimensionsLED:n" default="2" min="1"> |
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426 | Number of extra dimensions. |
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427 | </modeopen> |
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428 | |
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429 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsLED:MD" default="2000." min="100.0"> |
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430 | Fundamental scale of gravity in <ei>D = 4 + n</ei> dimensions. |
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431 | </parm> |
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432 | |
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433 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsLED:LambdaT" default="2000." min="100.0"> |
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434 | Ultraviolet cutoff parameter for the virtual graviton exchange processes. |
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435 | </parm> |
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436 | |
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437 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsLED:NegInt" default="0" min="0" max="1"> |
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438 | Allows to change sign of the interference terms in the graviton exchange |
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439 | processes, common in connection to using the <ei>Hewett</ei> convention |
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440 | <ref>Hew99</ref>. |
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441 | <option value="0">1</option> |
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442 | <option value="1">-1</option> |
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443 | </modepick> |
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444 | |
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445 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsLED:CutOffMode" default="0" min="0" max="3"> |
---|
446 | Options for when the hard scale of the process (e.g. <ei>sHat</ei>) |
---|
447 | approaches or exceed the scale of validity of the low energy effective |
---|
448 | theory (e.g. <ei>M_D</ei>). <ei>Note:</ei> Option 1 only concerns the |
---|
449 | graviton emission processes and the form factor is currently not available |
---|
450 | for the scalar graviton processes. |
---|
451 | <option value="0">Do nothing, i.e. all values of <ei>sHat</ei> contribute. |
---|
452 | </option> |
---|
453 | <option value="1">Truncate contributing <ei>sHat</ei> region |
---|
454 | (<ref>Ask09</ref>).</option> |
---|
455 | <option value="2">Form factor, using <ei>mu = renormScale2</ei> .</option> |
---|
456 | <option value="3">Form factor, using <ei>mu = E_jet</ei>.</option> |
---|
457 | </modepick> |
---|
458 | |
---|
459 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsLED:t" default="1." min="0.001"> |
---|
460 | Form factor parameter. |
---|
461 | </parm> |
---|
462 | |
---|
463 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsLED:g" default="1.0" min="0.0"> |
---|
464 | Coupling related to scalar graviton emission. |
---|
465 | </parm> |
---|
466 | |
---|
467 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsLED:c" default="1.0" min="0.0"> |
---|
468 | Coupling related to scalar graviton emission. |
---|
469 | </parm> |
---|
470 | |
---|
471 | <modeopen name="ExtraDimensionsLED:nQuarkNew" default="3" min="0" max="5"> |
---|
472 | Number of allowed outgoing new quark flavours in the above |
---|
473 | <ei>q qbar -> (LED G*) -> q' qbar'</ei> and <ei>g g -> (LED G*) -> q' qbar'</ei> |
---|
474 | processes. Similar to <ei>HardQCD:nQuarkNew</ei> for the QCD processes. |
---|
475 | </modeopen> |
---|
476 | |
---|
477 | <modeopen name="ExtraDimensionsLED:opMode" default="0" min="0" max="1"> |
---|
478 | Options to specify <ei>S</ei> function for LED dijet amplitudes. |
---|
479 | <option value="0">Use detailed amplitude, as described in <ref>Fra11</ref>.</option> |
---|
480 | <option value="1">Use conventional <ei>LambdaT</ei> parametrization, like the other LED processes.</option> |
---|
481 | </modeopen> |
---|
482 | |
---|
483 | <h3>Unparticles, production processes</h3> |
---|
484 | |
---|
485 | As mentioned above, the similar unparticle and graviton processes |
---|
486 | share the same implementations. The unparticle processes, however, |
---|
487 | only use the dedicated unparticle parameters below. The unparticle |
---|
488 | is also assigned the PDG code 5000039 and is therefore called |
---|
489 | <ei>Graviton</ei> in the event record. The graviton and unparticle |
---|
490 | emission as well as virtual graviton and unparticle exchange processes |
---|
491 | are described in <ref>Ask10</ref>. |
---|
492 | |
---|
493 | <p/> |
---|
494 | <ei>Note:</ei> As discussed in <ref>Ask09</ref>, for the graviton or |
---|
495 | unparticle emission processes the underlying Breit-Wigner mass |
---|
496 | distribution should be matched to the graviton mass spectrum in order |
---|
497 | to achieve an optimal MC efficiency. |
---|
498 | |
---|
499 | <p/> |
---|
500 | The following unparticle emission processes are available. |
---|
501 | |
---|
502 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:monojet" default="off"> |
---|
503 | Common switch for the group of lowest-order <ei>U jet</ei> emission |
---|
504 | processes, i.e. the three ones below. |
---|
505 | </flag> |
---|
506 | |
---|
507 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:gg2Ug" default="off"> |
---|
508 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> U g</ei>. |
---|
509 | Code 5045. |
---|
510 | </flag> |
---|
511 | |
---|
512 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:qg2Uq" default="off"> |
---|
513 | Scatterings <ei>q g -> U q</ei>. |
---|
514 | Code 5046. |
---|
515 | </flag> |
---|
516 | |
---|
517 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:qqbar2Ug" default="off"> |
---|
518 | Scatterings <ei>q qbar -> U g</ei>. |
---|
519 | Code 5047. |
---|
520 | </flag> |
---|
521 | |
---|
522 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:ffbar2UZ" default="off"> |
---|
523 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> U Z</ei>. |
---|
524 | Code 5041. |
---|
525 | </flag> |
---|
526 | |
---|
527 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:ffbar2Ugamma" default="off"> |
---|
528 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> U gamma</ei>. This process corresponds |
---|
529 | to the photon limit of the <ei>U Z</ei> process, as described in |
---|
530 | <ref>Ask09</ref>. |
---|
531 | Code 5042. |
---|
532 | </flag> |
---|
533 | |
---|
534 | <p/> |
---|
535 | The following processes with virtual unparticle exchange are available. |
---|
536 | |
---|
537 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:ffbar2gammagamma" default="off"> |
---|
538 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (U*) -> gamma gamma</ei>. If the unparticle |
---|
539 | contribution is zero in the spin-2 case, the results corresponds to |
---|
540 | the SM contribution, i.e. equivalent to |
---|
541 | <code>PromptPhoton:ffbar2gammagamma</code>. |
---|
542 | Code 5043. |
---|
543 | </flag> |
---|
544 | |
---|
545 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:gg2gammagamma" default="off"> |
---|
546 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> (U*) -> gamma gamma</ei>. |
---|
547 | Code 5044. |
---|
548 | </flag> |
---|
549 | |
---|
550 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:ffbar2llbar" default="off"> |
---|
551 | Scatterings <ei>f fbar -> (U*) -> l lbar </ei>, where |
---|
552 | <ei>l</ei> is a charged lepton. If the unparticle contribution |
---|
553 | is zero, the results corresponds to the SM contribution, i.e. |
---|
554 | similar to <code>WeakSingleBoson:ffbar2gmZ</code>. Does not |
---|
555 | include t-channel amplitude relevant for e^+e^- to e^+e^- |
---|
556 | and no K-factor is used. |
---|
557 | Code 5048. |
---|
558 | </flag> |
---|
559 | |
---|
560 | <flag name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:gg2llbar" default="off"> |
---|
561 | Scatterings <ei>g g -> (U*) -> l lbar</ei>. |
---|
562 | Code 5049. |
---|
563 | </flag> |
---|
564 | |
---|
565 | <h3>Unparticles, parameters</h3> |
---|
566 | |
---|
567 | <modeopen name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:spinU" default="2" min="0" max="2"> |
---|
568 | Unparticle spin. |
---|
569 | </modeopen> |
---|
570 | |
---|
571 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:dU" default="1.4" min="1.0"> |
---|
572 | Scale dimension parameter. |
---|
573 | </parm> |
---|
574 | |
---|
575 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:LambdaU" default="2000." min="100.0"> |
---|
576 | Unparticle renormalization scale. |
---|
577 | </parm> |
---|
578 | |
---|
579 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:lambda" default="1.0" min="0.0"> |
---|
580 | Unparticle coupling to the SM fields. |
---|
581 | </parm> |
---|
582 | |
---|
583 | <parm name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:ratio" default="1.0" min="1.0" max="1.0"> |
---|
584 | Ratio, <ei>lambda'/lambda</ei>, between the two possible coupling constants |
---|
585 | of the spin-2 ME. <b>Warning:</b> A <ei>ratio</ei> value different from one |
---|
586 | give rise to an IR divergence which makes the event generation very slow, so |
---|
587 | this values is fixed to <ei>ratio = 1</ei> for the moment. |
---|
588 | </parm> |
---|
589 | |
---|
590 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:CutOffMode" default="0" min="0" max="1"> |
---|
591 | Options for when the hard scale of the process (e.g. <ei>sHat</ei>) |
---|
592 | approaches or exceed the scale of validity of the low energy effective |
---|
593 | theory (<ei>Lambda_U</ei>). This mode only concerns the unparticle |
---|
594 | emission processes. |
---|
595 | <option value="0">Do nothing, i.e. all values of <ei>sHat</ei> |
---|
596 | contribute.</option> |
---|
597 | <option value="1">Truncate contributing <ei>sHat</ei> region |
---|
598 | (<ref>Ask09</ref>).</option> |
---|
599 | </modepick> |
---|
600 | |
---|
601 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:gXX" default="0" min="0" max="2"> |
---|
602 | Chiral unparticle couplings, <ei>gXX = gLL = gRR</ei>. Only relevant |
---|
603 | for lepton production from spin-1 unparticle exchange. |
---|
604 | <option value="0">1</option> |
---|
605 | <option value="1">-1</option> |
---|
606 | <option value="2">0</option> |
---|
607 | </modepick> |
---|
608 | |
---|
609 | <modepick name="ExtraDimensionsUnpart:gXY" default="0" min="0" max="2"> |
---|
610 | Chiral unparticle couplings, <ei>gXY = gLR = gRL</ei>. Only relevant |
---|
611 | for lepton production from spin-1 unparticle exchange. |
---|
612 | <option value="0">1</option> |
---|
613 | <option value="1">-1</option> |
---|
614 | <option value="2">0</option> |
---|
615 | </modepick> |
---|
616 | |
---|
617 | </chapter> |
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618 | |
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619 | <!-- Copyright (C) 2012 Torbjorn Sjostrand --> |
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620 | |
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