source: BAORadio/libindi/v1/indidrivermain.c @ 612

#if 0
    INDI
    Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Elwood C. Downey

                        Modified by Jasem Mutlaq (2003-2006)

    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    Lesser General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

#endif

/* main() for one INDI driver process.
 * Drivers define IS*() functions we call to deliver INDI XML arriving on stdin.
 * Drivers call ID*() functions to send INDI XML commands to stdout.
 * Drivers call IE*() functions to build an event-driver program.
 * Drivers call IU*() functions to perform various common utility tasks.
 * Troubles are reported on stderr then we exit.
 *
 * This requires liblilxml.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include "lilxml.h"
#include "base64.h"
#include "eventloop.h"
#include "indidevapi.h"
#include "indicom.h"

static void usage(void);
static void clientMsgCB(int fd, void *arg);
static int dispatch (XMLEle *root, char msg[]);
static int crackDN (XMLEle *root, char **dev, char **name, char msg[]);
static int isPropDefined(const char *property_name);
static int crackIPState (const char *str, IPState *ip);
static int crackISState (const char *str, ISState *ip);
static void xmlv1(void);
const char *pstateStr(IPState s);
const char *sstateStr(ISState s);
const char *ruleStr(ISRule r);
const char *permStr(IPerm p);


static int nroCheck;                    /* # of elements in roCheck */
static int verbose;                     /* chatty */
char *me;                               /* a.out name */
static LilXML *clixml;                  /* XML parser context */

/* insure RO properties are never modified. RO Sanity Check */
typedef struct
{
  char propName[MAXINDINAME];
  IPerm perm;
} ROSC;

static ROSC *roCheck;

int
main (int ac, char *av[])
{
#ifndef _WIN32
        setgid( getgid() );
        setuid( getuid() );

        if (geteuid() != getuid())
            exit(255);
#endif

        /* save handy pointer to our base name */
        for (me = av[0]; av[0][0]; av[0]++)
            if (av[0][0] == '/')
                me = &av[0][1];

        /* crack args */
        while (--ac && (*++av)[0] == '-')
            while (*++(*av))
                switch (*(*av)) {
                case 'v':       /* verbose */
                    verbose++;
                    break;
                default:
                    usage();
                }

        /* ac remaining args starting at av[0] */
        if (ac > 0)
            usage();

        /* init */
        clixml =  newLilXML();
        addCallback (0, clientMsgCB, NULL);
        
        nroCheck = 0;
        roCheck = NULL;

        /* service client */
        eventLoop();

        /* eh?? */
        fprintf (stderr, "%s: inf loop ended\n", me);
        return (1);
}

/* Return 1 is property is already cached, 0 otherwise */
static int isPropDefined(const char *property_name)
{
  int i=0;
  
  for (i=0; i < nroCheck; i++)
    if (!strcmp(property_name, roCheck[i].propName))
        return 1;

  return 0;

}

/* functions we define that drivers may call */

/* tell client to create a text vector property */
void
IDDefText (const ITextVectorProperty *tvp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;
        ROSC *SC;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<defTextVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", tvp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", tvp->name);
        printf ("  label='%s'\n", tvp->label);
        printf ("  group='%s'\n", tvp->group);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(tvp->s));
        printf ("  perm='%s'\n", permStr(tvp->p));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", tvp->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < tvp->ntp; i++) {
            IText *tp = &tvp->tp[i];
            printf ("  <defText\n");
            printf ("    name='%s'\n", tp->name);
            printf ("    label='%s'>\n", tp->label);
            printf ("      %s\n", tp->text ? tp->text : "");
            printf ("  </defText>\n");
        }

        printf ("</defTextVector>\n");

        if (!isPropDefined(tvp->name))
        {       
                /* Add this property to insure proper sanity check */
                roCheck = roCheck ? (ROSC *) realloc ( roCheck, sizeof(ROSC) * (nroCheck+1))
                                : (ROSC *) malloc  ( sizeof(ROSC));
                SC      = &roCheck[nroCheck++];
        
                strcpy(SC->propName, tvp->name);
                SC->perm = tvp->p;
        }
        
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to create a new numeric vector property */
void
IDDefNumber (const INumberVectorProperty *n, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;
        ROSC *SC;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<defNumberVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", n->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", n->name);
        printf ("  label='%s'\n", n->label);
        printf ("  group='%s'\n", n->group);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(n->s));
        printf ("  perm='%s'\n", permStr(n->p));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", n->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < n->nnp; i++) {
            INumber *np = &n->np[i];
            printf ("  <defNumber\n");
            printf ("    name='%s'\n", np->name);
            printf ("    label='%s'\n", np->label);
            printf ("    format='%s'\n", np->format);
            printf ("    min='%.20g'\n", np->min);
            printf ("    max='%.20g'\n", np->max);
            printf ("    step='%.20g'>\n", np->step);
            printf ("      %.20g\n", np->value);
            printf ("  </defNumber>\n");
        }

        printf ("</defNumberVector>\n");
        
        if (!isPropDefined(n->name))
        {       
                /* Add this property to insure proper sanity check */
                roCheck = roCheck ? (ROSC *) realloc ( roCheck, sizeof(ROSC) * (nroCheck+1))
                                : (ROSC *) malloc  ( sizeof(ROSC));
                SC      = &roCheck[nroCheck++];
        
                strcpy(SC->propName, n->name);
                SC->perm = n->p;

        }
        
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to create a new switch vector property */
void
IDDefSwitch (const ISwitchVectorProperty *s, const char *fmt, ...)

{
        int i;
        ROSC *SC;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<defSwitchVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", s->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", s->name);
        printf ("  label='%s'\n", s->label);
        printf ("  group='%s'\n", s->group);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(s->s));
        printf ("  perm='%s'\n", permStr(s->p));
        printf ("  rule='%s'\n", ruleStr (s->r));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", s->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < s->nsp; i++) {
            ISwitch *sp = &s->sp[i];
            printf ("  <defSwitch\n");
            printf ("    name='%s'\n", sp->name);
            printf ("    label='%s'>\n", sp->label);
            printf ("      %s\n", sstateStr(sp->s));
            printf ("  </defSwitch>\n");
        }

        printf ("</defSwitchVector>\n");
        
        if (!isPropDefined(s->name))
        {       
                /* Add this property to insure proper sanity check */
                roCheck = roCheck ? (ROSC *) realloc ( roCheck, sizeof(ROSC) * (nroCheck+1))
                                : (ROSC *) malloc  ( sizeof(ROSC));
                SC      = &roCheck[nroCheck++];
        
                strcpy(SC->propName, s->name);
                SC->perm = s->p;
        }
        
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to create a new lights vector property */
void
IDDefLight (const ILightVectorProperty *lvp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<defLightVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", lvp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", lvp->name);
        printf ("  label='%s'\n", lvp->label);
        printf ("  group='%s'\n", lvp->group);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(lvp->s));
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < lvp->nlp; i++) {
            ILight *lp = &lvp->lp[i];
            printf ("  <defLight\n");
            printf ("    name='%s'\n", lp->name);
            printf ("    label='%s'>\n", lp->label);
            printf ("      %s\n", pstateStr(lp->s));
            printf ("  </defLight>\n");
        }

        printf ("</defLightVector>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to create a new BLOB vector property */
void
IDDefBLOB (const IBLOBVectorProperty *b, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  int i;
  ROSC *SC;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<defBLOBVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", b->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", b->name);
        printf ("  label='%s'\n", b->label);
        printf ("  group='%s'\n", b->group);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(b->s));
        printf ("  perm='%s'\n", permStr(b->p));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", b->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

  for (i = 0; i < b->nbp; i++) {
    IBLOB *bp = &b->bp[i];
    printf ("  <defBLOB\n");
    printf ("    name='%s'\n", bp->name);
    printf ("    label='%s'\n", bp->label);
    printf ("  />\n");
  }

        printf ("</defBLOBVector>\n");

        if (!isPropDefined(b->name))
        {       
                /* Add this property to insure proper sanity check */
                roCheck = roCheck ? (ROSC *) realloc ( roCheck, sizeof(ROSC) * (nroCheck+1))
                                : (ROSC *) malloc  ( sizeof(ROSC));
                SC      = &roCheck[nroCheck++];
        
                strcpy(SC->propName, b->name);
                SC->perm = b->p;
        }

        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to update an existing text vector property */
void
IDSetText (const ITextVectorProperty *tvp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<setTextVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", tvp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", tvp->name);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(tvp->s));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", tvp->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < tvp->ntp; i++) {
            IText *tp = &tvp->tp[i];
            printf ("  <oneText name='%s'>\n", tp->name);
            printf ("      %s\n", tp->text ? tp->text : "");
            printf ("  </oneText>\n");
        }

        printf ("</setTextVector>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to update an existing numeric vector property */
void
IDSetNumber (const INumberVectorProperty *nvp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<setNumberVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", nvp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", nvp->name);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(nvp->s));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", nvp->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < nvp->nnp; i++) {
            INumber *np = &nvp->np[i];
            printf ("  <oneNumber name='%s'>\n", np->name);
            printf ("      %.20g\n", np->value);
            printf ("  </oneNumber>\n");
        }

        printf ("</setNumberVector>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to update an existing switch vector property */
void
IDSetSwitch (const ISwitchVectorProperty *svp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<setSwitchVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", svp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", svp->name);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(svp->s));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", svp->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < svp->nsp; i++) {
            ISwitch *sp = &svp->sp[i];
            printf ("  <oneSwitch name='%s'>\n", sp->name);
            printf ("      %s\n", sstateStr(sp->s));
            printf ("  </oneSwitch>\n");
        }

        printf ("</setSwitchVector>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to update an existing lights vector property */
void
IDSetLight (const ILightVectorProperty *lvp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<setLightVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", lvp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", lvp->name);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(lvp->s));
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < lvp->nlp; i++) {
            ILight *lp = &lvp->lp[i];
            printf ("  <oneLight name='%s'>\n", lp->name);
            printf ("      %s\n", pstateStr(lp->s));
            printf ("  </oneLight>\n");
        }

        printf ("</setLightVector>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to update an existing BLOB vector property */
void
IDSetBLOB (const IBLOBVectorProperty *bvp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        int i;

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<setBLOBVector\n");
        printf ("  device='%s'\n", bvp->device);
        printf ("  name='%s'\n", bvp->name);
        printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(bvp->s));
        printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", bvp->timeout);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf (">\n");

        for (i = 0; i < bvp->nbp; i++) {
            IBLOB *bp = &bvp->bp[i];
            unsigned char *encblob;
            int j, l;

            printf ("  <oneBLOB\n");
            printf ("    name='%s'\n", bp->name);
            printf ("    size='%d'\n", bp->size);
            printf ("    format='%s'>\n", bp->format);

            encblob = malloc (4*bp->bloblen/3+4);
            l = to64frombits(encblob, bp->blob, bp->bloblen);
            for (j = 0; j < l; j += 72)
                printf ("%.72s\n", encblob+j);
            free (encblob);

            printf ("  </oneBLOB>\n");
        }

  printf ("</setBLOBVector>\n");
  fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell client to update min/max elements of an existing number vector property */
void IUUpdateMinMax(const INumberVectorProperty *nvp)
{
  int i;

  xmlv1();
  printf ("<setNumberVector\n");
  printf ("  device='%s'\n", nvp->device);
  printf ("  name='%s'\n", nvp->name);
  printf ("  state='%s'\n", pstateStr(nvp->s));
  printf ("  timeout='%g'\n", nvp->timeout);
  printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
  printf (">\n");

  for (i = 0; i < nvp->nnp; i++) {
    INumber *np = &nvp->np[i];
    printf ("  <oneNumber name='%s'\n", np->name);
    printf ("    min='%g'\n", np->min);
    printf ("    max='%g'\n", np->max);
    printf ("    step='%g'\n", np->step);
    printf(">\n");
    printf ("      %g\n", np->value);
    printf ("  </oneNumber>\n");
  }

  printf ("</setNumberVector>\n");
  fflush (stdout);
}

/* send client a message for a specific device or at large if !dev */
void
IDMessage (const char *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
{

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<message\n");
        if (dev)
            printf (" device='%s'\n", dev);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf ("/>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell Client to delete the property with given name on given device, or
 * entire device if !name
 */
void
IDDelete (const char *dev, const char *name, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        xmlv1();
        printf ("<delProperty\n  device='%s'\n", dev);
        if (name)
            printf (" name='%s'\n", name);
        printf ("  timestamp='%s'\n", timestamp());
        if (fmt) {
            va_list ap;
            va_start (ap, fmt);
            printf ("  message='");
            vprintf (fmt, ap);
            printf ("'\n");
            va_end (ap);
        }
        printf ("/>\n");
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell indiserver we want to snoop on the given device/property.
 * name ignored if NULL or empty.
 */
void
IDSnoopDevice (const char *snooped_device_name, char *snooped_property_name)
{
        xmlv1();
        if (snooped_property_name && snooped_property_name[0])
            printf ("<getProperties device='%s' name='%s'/>\n",
                                    snooped_device_name, snooped_property_name);
        else
            printf ("<getProperties device='%s'/>\n", snooped_device_name);
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* tell indiserver whether we want BLOBs from the given snooped device.
 * silently ignored if given device is not already registered for snooping.
 */
void 
IDSnoopBLOBs (const char *snooped_device, BLOBHandling bh)
{
        const char *how;

        switch (bh) {
        case B_NEVER: how = "Never"; break;
        case B_ALSO:  how = "Also";  break;
        case B_ONLY:  how = "Only";  break;
        default: return;
        }

        xmlv1();
        printf ("<enableBLOB device='%s'>%s</enableBLOB>\n",
                                                snooped_device, how);
        fflush (stdout);
}

/* "INDI" wrappers to the more generic eventloop facility. */

int
IEAddCallback (int readfiledes, IE_CBF *fp, void *p)
{
        return (addCallback (readfiledes, (CBF*)fp, p));
}

void
IERmCallback (int callbackid)
{
        rmCallback (callbackid);
}

int
IEAddTimer (int millisecs, IE_TCF *fp, void *p)
{
        return (addTimer (millisecs, (TCF*)fp, p));
}

void
IERmTimer (int timerid)
{
        rmTimer (timerid);
}

int
IEAddWorkProc (IE_WPF *fp, void *p)
{
        return (addWorkProc ((WPF*)fp, p));
}

void
IERmWorkProc (int workprocid)
{
        rmWorkProc (workprocid);
}


int
IEDeferLoop (int maxms, int *flagp)
{
        return (deferLoop (maxms, flagp));
}

int
IEDeferLoop0 (int maxms, int *flagp)
{
        return (deferLoop0 (maxms, flagp));
}

/* find a member of an IText vector, else NULL */
IText *
IUFindText  (const ITextVectorProperty *tvp, const char *name)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < tvp->ntp; i++)
            if (strcmp (tvp->tp[i].name, name) == 0)
                return (&tvp->tp[i]);
        fprintf (stderr, "No IText '%s' in %s.%s\n",name,tvp->device,tvp->name);
        return (NULL);
}

/* find a member of an INumber vector, else NULL */
INumber *
IUFindNumber(const INumberVectorProperty *nvp, const char *name)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nvp->nnp; i++)
            if (strcmp (nvp->np[i].name, name) == 0)
                return (&nvp->np[i]);
        fprintf(stderr,"No INumber '%s' in %s.%s\n",name,nvp->device,nvp->name);
        return (NULL);
}

/* find a member of an ISwitch vector, else NULL */
ISwitch *
IUFindSwitch(const ISwitchVectorProperty *svp, const char *name)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < svp->nsp; i++)
            if (strcmp (svp->sp[i].name, name) == 0)
                return (&svp->sp[i]);
        fprintf(stderr,"No ISwitch '%s' in %s.%s\n",name,svp->device,svp->name);
        return (NULL);
}

/* find an ON member of an ISwitch vector, else NULL.
 * N.B. user must make sense of result with ISRule in mind.
 */
ISwitch *
IUFindOnSwitch(const ISwitchVectorProperty *svp)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < svp->nsp; i++)
            if (svp->sp[i].s == ISS_ON)
                return (&svp->sp[i]);
        /*fprintf(stderr, "No ISwitch On in %s.%s\n", svp->device, svp->name);*/
        return (NULL);
}

/* Set all switches to off */
void 
IUResetSwitch(ISwitchVectorProperty *svp)
{
  int i;
  
  for (i = 0; i < svp->nsp; i++)
    svp->sp[i].s = ISS_OFF;
}

/* Update property switches in accord with states and names. */
int 
IUUpdateSwitch(ISwitchVectorProperty *svp, ISState *states, char *names[], int n)
{
 int i=0;
 ISwitch *sp;
 char sn[MAXINDINAME];

 /* store On switch name */
 if (svp->r == ISR_1OFMANY)
 {
        sp = IUFindOnSwitch(svp);
        if (sp) strncpy(sn, sp->name, MAXINDINAME);
 
        IUResetSwitch(svp);
 }
 
 for (i = 0; i < n ; i++)
 {
   sp = IUFindSwitch(svp, names[i]);
         
   if (!sp)
   {
              svp->s = IPS_IDLE;
              IDSetSwitch(svp, "Error: %s is not a member of %s property.", names[i], svp->name);
              return -1;
   }
         
   sp->s = states[i]; 
 }
 
 /* Consistency checks for ISR_1OFMANY after update. */
 if (svp->r == ISR_1OFMANY)
 {
        int t_count=0;
        for (i=0; i < svp->nsp; i++)
        {
                if (svp->sp[i].s == ISS_ON)
                        t_count++;
        }
        if (t_count != 1)
        {
                IUResetSwitch(svp);
                sp = IUFindSwitch(svp, sn);
                if (sp) sp->s = ISS_ON;
                svp->s = IPS_IDLE;
                IDSetSwitch(svp, "Error: invalid state switch for property %s. %s.", svp->name, t_count == 0 ? "No switch is on" : "Too many switches are on");
                return -1;
        }
 }
                
 return 0;

}

/* Update property numbers in accord with values and names */
int IUUpdateNumber(INumberVectorProperty *nvp, double values[], char *names[], int n)
{
  int i=0;
  
  INumber *np;
  
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    np = IUFindNumber(nvp, names[i]);
    if (!np)
    {
        nvp->s = IPS_IDLE;
        IDSetNumber(nvp, "Error: %s is not a member of %s property.", names[i], nvp->name);
        return -1;
    }
    
    if (values[i] < np->min || values[i] > np->max)
    {
       nvp->s = IPS_IDLE;
       IDSetNumber(nvp, "Error: Invalid range. Valid range is from %g to %g", np->min, np->max);
       return -1;
    }
      
  }

  /* First loop checks for error, second loop set all values atomically*/
  for (i=0; i < n; i++)
  {
    np = IUFindNumber(nvp, names[i]);
    np->value = values[i];
  }

  return 0;

}

/* Update property text in accord with texts and names */
int IUUpdateText(ITextVectorProperty *tvp, char * texts[], char *names[], int n)
{
  int i=0;
  
  IText *tp;
  
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    tp = IUFindText(tvp, names[i]);
    if (!tp)
    {
        tvp->s = IPS_IDLE;
        IDSetText(tvp, "Error: %s is not a member of %s property.", names[i], tvp->name);
        return -1;
    }
  }

  /* First loop checks for error, second loop set all values atomically*/
  for (i=0; i < n; i++)
  {
    tp = IUFindText(tvp, names[i]);
    IUSaveText(tp, texts[i]);
  }

  return 0;

}

/* save malloced copy of newtext in tp->text, reusing if not first time */
void
IUSaveText (IText *tp, const char *newtext)
{
        /* seed for realloc */
        if (tp->text == NULL)
            tp->text = malloc (1);

        /* copy in fresh string */
        tp->text = strcpy (realloc (tp->text, strlen(newtext)+1), newtext);
}

void IUFillSwitch(ISwitch *sp, const char *name, const char * label, ISState s)
{
  strcpy(sp->name, name);
  strcpy(sp->label, label);
  sp->s = s;
  sp->svp = NULL;
  sp->aux = NULL;
}

void IUFillLight(ILight *lp, const char *name, const char * label, IPState s)
{
  strcpy(lp->name, name);
  strcpy(lp->label, label);
  lp->s = s;
  lp->lvp = NULL;
  lp->aux = NULL;
}


void IUFillNumber(INumber *np, const char *name, const char * label, const char *format, double min, double max, double step, double value)
{

  strcpy(np->name, name);
  strcpy(np->label, label);
  strcpy(np->format, format);
  
  np->min       = min;
  np->max       = max;
  np->step      = step;
  np->value     = value;
  np->nvp       = NULL;
  np->aux0      = NULL;
  np->aux1      = NULL;
}

void IUFillText(IText *tp, const char *name, const char * label, const char *initialText)
{

  strcpy(tp->name, name);
  strcpy(tp->label, label);
  tp->text = NULL;
  tp->tvp  = NULL;
  tp->aux0 = NULL;
  tp->aux1 = NULL;

  IUSaveText(tp, initialText);

}

void IUFillSwitchVector(ISwitchVectorProperty *svp, ISwitch *sp, int nsp, const char * dev, const char *name, const char *label, const char *group, IPerm p, ISRule r, double timeout, IPState s)
{
  strcpy(svp->device, dev);
  strcpy(svp->name, name);
  strcpy(svp->label, label);
  strcpy(svp->group, group);
  strcpy(svp->timestamp, "");
  
  svp->p        = p;
  svp->r        = r;
  svp->timeout  = timeout;
  svp->s        = s;
  svp->sp       = sp;
  svp->nsp      = nsp;
}

void IUFillLightVector(ILightVectorProperty *lvp, ILight *lp, int nlp, const char * dev, const char *name, const char *label, const char *group, IPState s)
{
  strcpy(lvp->device, dev);
  strcpy(lvp->name, name);
  strcpy(lvp->label, label);
  strcpy(lvp->group, group);
  strcpy(lvp->timestamp, "");
  
  lvp->s        = s;
  lvp->lp       = lp;
  lvp->nlp      = nlp;
}
 
void IUFillNumberVector(INumberVectorProperty *nvp, INumber *np, int nnp, const char * dev, const char *name, const char *label, const char* group, IPerm p, double timeout, IPState s)
{
  
  strcpy(nvp->device, dev);
  strcpy(nvp->name, name);
  strcpy(nvp->label, label);
  strcpy(nvp->group, group);
  strcpy(nvp->timestamp, "");
  
  nvp->p        = p;
  nvp->timeout  = timeout;
  nvp->s        = s;
  nvp->np       = np;
  nvp->nnp      = nnp;
  
}

void IUFillTextVector(ITextVectorProperty *tvp, IText *tp, int ntp, const char * dev, const char *name, const char *label, const char* group, IPerm p, double timeout, IPState s)
{
  strcpy(tvp->device, dev);
  strcpy(tvp->name, name);
  strcpy(tvp->label, label);
  strcpy(tvp->group, group);
  strcpy(tvp->timestamp, "");
  
  tvp->p        = p;
  tvp->timeout  = timeout;
  tvp->s        = s;
  tvp->tp       = tp;
  tvp->ntp      = ntp;

}

/*****************************************************************************
 * convenience functions for use in your implementation of ISSnoopDevice().
 */

/* crack the snooped driver setNumberVector or defNumberVector message into
 * the given INumberVectorProperty.
 * return 0 if type, device and name match and all members are present, else
 * return -1
 */
int
IUSnoopNumber (XMLEle *root, INumberVectorProperty *nvp)
{
        char *dev, *name;
        XMLEle *ep;
        int i;

        /* check and crack type, device, name and state */
        if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(root)+3, "NumberVector") ||
                                        crackDN (root, &dev, &name, NULL) < 0)
            return (-1);
        if (strcmp (dev, nvp->device) || strcmp (name, nvp->name))
            return (-1);        /* not this property */
        (void) crackIPState (findXMLAttValu (root,"state"), &nvp->s);

        /* match each INumber with a oneNumber */
        for (i = 0; i < nvp->nnp; i++) {
            for (ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
                if (!strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneNumber") &&
                        !strcmp (nvp->np[i].name, findXMLAttValu(ep, "name"))) {
                    if (f_scansexa (pcdataXMLEle(ep), &nvp->np[i].value) < 0)
                        return (-1);    /* bad number format */
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!ep)
                return (-1);    /* element not found */
        }

        /* ok */
        return (0);
}

/* crack the snooped driver setTextVector or defTextVector message into
 * the given ITextVectorProperty.
 * return 0 if type, device and name match and all members are present, else
 * return -1
 */
int
IUSnoopText (XMLEle *root, ITextVectorProperty *tvp)
{
        char *dev, *name;
        XMLEle *ep;
        int i;

        /* check and crack type, device, name and state */
        if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(root)+3, "TextVector") ||
                                        crackDN (root, &dev, &name, NULL) < 0)
            return (-1);
        if (strcmp (dev, tvp->device) || strcmp (name, tvp->name))
            return (-1);        /* not this property */
        (void) crackIPState (findXMLAttValu (root,"state"), &tvp->s);

        /* match each IText with a oneText */
        for (i = 0; i < tvp->ntp; i++) {
            for (ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
                if (!strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneText") &&
                        !strcmp (tvp->tp[i].name, findXMLAttValu(ep, "name"))) {
                    IUSaveText (&tvp->tp[i], pcdataXMLEle(ep));
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!ep)
                return (-1);    /* element not found */
        }

        /* ok */
        return (0);
}

/* crack the snooped driver setLightVector or defLightVector message into
 * the given ILightVectorProperty. it is not necessary that all ILight names
 * be found.
 * return 0 if type, device and name match, else return -1.
 */
int
IUSnoopLight (XMLEle *root, ILightVectorProperty *lvp)
{
        char *dev, *name;
        XMLEle *ep;
        int i;

        /* check and crack type, device, name and state */
        if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(root)+3, "LightVector") ||
                                        crackDN (root, &dev, &name, NULL) < 0)
            return (-1);
        if (strcmp (dev, lvp->device) || strcmp (name, lvp->name))
            return (-1);        /* not this property */

        (void) crackIPState (findXMLAttValu (root,"state"), &lvp->s);

        /* match each oneLight with one ILight */
        for (ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
            if (!strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneLight")) {
                const char *name = findXMLAttValu (ep, "name");
                for (i = 0; i < lvp->nlp; i++) {
                    if (!strcmp (lvp->lp[i].name, name)) {
                        if (crackIPState(pcdataXMLEle(ep), &lvp->lp[i].s) < 0) {
                            return (-1);        /* unrecognized state */
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* ok */
        return (0);
}

/* crack the snooped driver setSwitchVector or defSwitchVector message into the
 * given ISwitchVectorProperty. it is not necessary that all ISwitch names be
 * found.
 * return 0 if type, device and name match, else return -1.
 */
int
IUSnoopSwitch (XMLEle *root, ISwitchVectorProperty *svp)
{
        char *dev, *name;
        XMLEle *ep;
        int i;

        /* check and crack type, device, name and state */
        if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(root)+3, "SwitchVector") ||
                                        crackDN (root, &dev, &name, NULL) < 0)
            return (-1);
        if (strcmp (dev, svp->device) || strcmp (name, svp->name))
            return (-1);        /* not this property */
        (void) crackIPState (findXMLAttValu (root,"state"), &svp->s);

        /* match each oneSwitch with one ISwitch */
        for (ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
            if (!strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneSwitch")) {
                const char *name = findXMLAttValu (ep, "name");
                for (i = 0; i < svp->nsp; i++) {
                    if (!strcmp (svp->sp[i].name, name)) {
                        if (crackISState(pcdataXMLEle(ep), &svp->sp[i].s) < 0) {
                            return (-1);        /* unrecognized state */
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* ok */
        return (0);
}

/* crack the snooped driver setBLOBVector message into the given
 * IBLOBVectorProperty. it is not necessary that all IBLOB names be found.
 * return 0 if type, device and name match, else return -1.
 * N.B. we assume any existing blob in bvp has been malloced, which we free
 *   and replace with a newly malloced blob if found.
 */
int
IUSnoopBLOB (XMLEle *root, IBLOBVectorProperty *bvp)
{
        char *dev, *name;
        XMLEle *ep;
        int i;

        /* check and crack type, device, name and state */
        if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(root), "setBLOBVector") ||
                                        crackDN (root, &dev, &name, NULL) < 0)
            return (-1);
        if (strcmp (dev, bvp->device) || strcmp (name, bvp->name))
            return (-1);        /* not this property */
        (void) crackIPState (findXMLAttValu (root,"state"), &bvp->s);

        /* match each oneBLOB with one IBLOB */
        for (ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
            if (!strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneBLOB")) {
                const char *name = findXMLAttValu (ep, "name");
                for (i = 0; i < bvp->nbp; i++) {
                    IBLOB *bp = &bvp->bp[i];
                    if (!strcmp (bp->name, name)) {
                        strcpy (bp->format, findXMLAttValu (ep,"format"));
                        bp->size = atof (findXMLAttValu (ep,"size"));
                        bp->bloblen = pcdatalenXMLEle(ep)+1;
                        if (bp->blob)
                            free (bp->blob);
                        bp->blob = strcpy(malloc(bp->bloblen),pcdataXMLEle(ep));
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* ok */
        return (0);
}

/* print usage message and exit (1) */
static void
usage(void)
{
        fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", me);
        fprintf (stderr, "Purpose: INDI Device driver framework.\n");
        fprintf (stderr, "Options:\n");
        fprintf (stderr, " -v    : more verbose to stderr\n");

        exit (1);
}

/* callback when INDI client message arrives on stdin.
 * collect and dispatch when see outter element closure.
 * exit if OS trouble or see incompatable INDI version.
 * arg is not used.
 */
static void
clientMsgCB (int fd, void *arg)
{
        char buf[1024], msg[1024], *bp;
        int nr;
        arg=arg;

        /* one read */
        nr = read (fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (nr < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s\n", me, strerror(errno));
            exit(1);
        }
        if (nr == 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "%s: EOF\n", me);
            exit(1);
        }

        /* crack and dispatch when complete */
        for (bp = buf; nr-- > 0; bp++) {
            XMLEle *root = readXMLEle (clixml, *bp, msg);
            if (root) {
                if (dispatch (root, msg) < 0)
                    fprintf (stderr, "%s dispatch error: %s\n", me, msg);
                delXMLEle (root);
            } else if (msg[0])
                fprintf (stderr, "%s XML error: %s\n", me, msg);
        }

}

/* crack the given INDI XML element and call driver's IS* entry points as they
 *   are recognized.
 * return 0 if ok else -1 with reason in msg[].
 * N.B. exit if getProperties does not proclaim a compatible version.
 */
static int
dispatch (XMLEle *root, char msg[])
{
        char *rtag = tagXMLEle(root);
        XMLEle *ep;
        int n,i=0;

        if (verbose)
            prXMLEle (stderr, root, 0);

        /* check tag in surmised decreasing order of likelyhood */

        if (!strcmp (rtag, "newNumberVector")) {
            static double *doubles;
            static char **names;
            static int maxn;
            char *dev, *name;

            /* pull out device and name */
            if (crackDN (root, &dev, &name, msg) < 0)
                return (-1);

            /* seed for reallocs */
            if (!doubles) {
                doubles = (double *) malloc (1);
                names = (char **) malloc (1);
            }

            /* pull out each name/value pair */
            for (n = 0, ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
                if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneNumber") == 0) {
                    XMLAtt *na = findXMLAtt (ep, "name");
                    if (na) {
                        if (n >= maxn) {
                            /* grow for this and another */
                            int newsz = (maxn=n+1)*sizeof(double);
                            doubles = (double *) realloc(doubles,newsz);
                            newsz = maxn*sizeof(char *);
                            names = (char **) realloc (names, newsz);
                        }
                        if (f_scansexa (pcdataXMLEle(ep), &doubles[n]) < 0)
                            IDMessage (dev,"%s: Bad format %s", name,
                                                            pcdataXMLEle(ep));
                        else
                            names[n++] = valuXMLAtt(na);
                    }
                }
            }
            
            /* insure property is not RO */
            for (i=0; i < nroCheck; i++)
            {
              if (!strcmp(roCheck[i].propName, name))
              {
               if (roCheck[i].perm == IP_RO)
                 return -1;
              }
            }

            /* invoke driver if something to do, but not an error if not */
            if (n > 0)
                ISNewNumber (dev, name, doubles, names, n);
            else
                IDMessage(dev,"%s: newNumberVector with no valid members",name);
            return (0);
        }

        if (!strcmp (rtag, "newSwitchVector")) {
            static ISState *states;
            static char **names;
            static int maxn;
            char *dev, *name;
            XMLEle *ep;

            /* pull out device and name */
            if (crackDN (root, &dev, &name, msg) < 0)
                return (-1);

            /* seed for reallocs */
            if (!states) {
                states = (ISState *) malloc (1);
                names = (char **) malloc (1);
            }

            /* pull out each name/state pair */
            for (n = 0, ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
                if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneSwitch") == 0) {
                    XMLAtt *na = findXMLAtt (ep, "name");
                    if (na) {
                        if (n >= maxn) {
                            int newsz = (maxn=n+1)*sizeof(ISState);
                            states = (ISState *) realloc(states, newsz);
                            newsz = maxn*sizeof(char *);
                            names = (char **) realloc (names, newsz);
                        }
                        if (strcmp (pcdataXMLEle(ep),"On") == 0) {
                            states[n] = ISS_ON;
                            names[n] = valuXMLAtt(na);
                            n++;
                        } else if (strcmp (pcdataXMLEle(ep),"Off") == 0) {
                            states[n] = ISS_OFF;
                            names[n] = valuXMLAtt(na);
                            n++;
                        } else 
                            IDMessage (dev, "%s: must be On or Off: %s", name,
                                                            pcdataXMLEle(ep));
                    }
                }
            }

            /* insure property is not RO */
            for (i=0; i < nroCheck; i++)
            {
              if (!strcmp(roCheck[i].propName, name))
              {
               if (roCheck[i].perm == IP_RO)
                 return -1;
              }
            }
            
            /* invoke driver if something to do, but not an error if not */
            if (n > 0)
                ISNewSwitch (dev, name, states, names, n);
            else
                IDMessage(dev,"%s: newSwitchVector with no valid members",name);
            return (0);
        }

        if (!strcmp (rtag, "newTextVector")) {
            static char **texts;
            static char **names;
            static int maxn;
            char *dev, *name;

            /* pull out device and name */
            if (crackDN (root, &dev, &name, msg) < 0)
                return (-1);

            /* seed for reallocs */
            if (!texts) {
                texts = (char **) malloc (1);
                names = (char **) malloc (1);
            }

            /* pull out each name/text pair */
            for (n = 0, ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
                if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneText") == 0) {
                    XMLAtt *na = findXMLAtt (ep, "name");
                    if (na) {
                        if (n >= maxn) {
                            int newsz = (maxn=n+1)*sizeof(char *);
                            texts = (char **) realloc (texts, newsz);
                            names = (char **) realloc (names, newsz);
                        }
                        texts[n] = pcdataXMLEle(ep);
                        names[n] = valuXMLAtt(na);
                        n++;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            /* insure property is not RO */
            for (i=0; i < nroCheck; i++)
            {
              if (!strcmp(roCheck[i].propName, name))
              {
               if (roCheck[i].perm == IP_RO)
                 return -1;
              }
            }

            /* invoke driver if something to do, but not an error if not */
            if (n > 0)
                ISNewText (dev, name, texts, names, n);
            else
                IDMessage (dev, "%s: set with no valid members", name);
            return (0);
        }

        if (!strcmp (rtag, "newBLOBVector")) {
            static char **blobs;
            static char **names;
            static char **formats;
            static int *blobsizes;
            static int *sizes;
            static int maxn;
            char *dev, *name;
            int i;

            /* pull out device and name */
            if (crackDN (root, &dev, &name, msg) < 0)
                return (-1);

            /* seed for reallocs */
            if (!blobs) {
                blobs = (char **) malloc (1);
                names = (char **) malloc (1);
                formats = (char **) malloc (1);
                blobsizes = (int *) malloc (1);
                sizes = (int *) malloc (1);
            }

            /* pull out each name/BLOB pair, decode */
            for (n = 0, ep = nextXMLEle(root,1); ep; ep = nextXMLEle(root,0)) {
                if (strcmp (tagXMLEle(ep), "oneBLOB") == 0) {
                    XMLAtt *na = findXMLAtt (ep, "name");
                    XMLAtt *fa = findXMLAtt (ep, "format");
                    XMLAtt *sa = findXMLAtt (ep, "size");
                    if (na && fa && sa) {
                        if (n >= maxn) {
                            int newsz = (maxn=n+1)*sizeof(char *);
                            blobs = (char **) realloc (blobs, newsz);
                            names = (char **) realloc (names, newsz);
                            formats = (char **) realloc(formats,newsz);
                            newsz = maxn*sizeof(int);
                            sizes = (int *) realloc(sizes,newsz);
                            blobsizes = (int *) realloc(blobsizes,newsz);
                        }
                        blobs[n] = malloc (3*pcdatalenXMLEle(ep)/4);
                        blobsizes[n] = from64tobits(blobs[n], pcdataXMLEle(ep));
                        names[n] = valuXMLAtt(na);
                        formats[n] = valuXMLAtt(fa);
                        sizes[n] = atoi(valuXMLAtt(sa));
                        n++;
                    }
                }
            }

            /* invoke driver if something to do, but not an error if not */
            if (n > 0) {
                ISNewBLOB (dev, name, sizes, blobsizes, blobs, formats,names,n);
                for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
                    free (blobs[i]);
            } else
                IDMessage (dev, "%s: newBLOBVector with no valid members",name);
            return (0);
        }

        if (!strcmp (rtag, "getProperties")) {
            XMLAtt *ap;
            double v;

            /* check version */
            ap = findXMLAtt (root, "version");
            if (!ap) {
                fprintf (stderr, "%s: getProperties missing version\n", me);
                exit(1);
            }
            v = atof (valuXMLAtt(ap));
            if (v > INDIV) {
                fprintf (stderr, "%s: client version %g > %g\n", me, v, INDIV);
                exit(1);
            }

            /* ok */
            ap = findXMLAtt (root, "device");
            ISGetProperties (ap ? valuXMLAtt(ap) : NULL);
            return (0);
        }

        /* other commands might be from a snooped device.
         * we don't know here which devices are being snooped so we send
         * all remaining valid messages
         */
        if (        !strcmp (rtag, "setNumberVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "setTextVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "setLightVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "setSwitchVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "setBLOBVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "defNumberVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "defTextVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "defLightVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "defSwitchVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "defBLOBVector") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "message") ||
                    !strcmp (rtag, "delProperty")) {
            ISSnoopDevice (root);
            return (0);
        }

        sprintf (msg, "Unknown command: %s", rtag);
        return(1);
}

/* pull out device and name attributes from root.
 * return 0 if ok else -1 with reason in msg[].
 */
static int
crackDN (XMLEle *root, char **dev, char **name, char msg[])
{
        XMLAtt *ap;

        ap = findXMLAtt (root, "device");
        if (!ap) {
            sprintf (msg, "%s requires 'device' attribute", tagXMLEle(root));
            return (-1);
        }
        *dev = valuXMLAtt(ap);

        ap = findXMLAtt (root, "name");
        if (!ap) {
            sprintf (msg, "%s requires 'name' attribute", tagXMLEle(root));
            return (-1);
        }
        *name = valuXMLAtt(ap);

        return (0);
}

/* return static string corresponding to the given property or light state */
const char *
pstateStr (IPState s)
{
        switch (s) {
        case IPS_IDLE:  return ("Idle");
        case IPS_OK:    return ("Ok");
        case IPS_BUSY:  return ("Busy");
        case IPS_ALERT: return ("Alert");
        default:
            fprintf (stderr, "Impossible IPState %d\n", s);
            exit(1);
        }
}

/* crack string into IPState.
 * return 0 if ok, else -1
 */
static int
crackIPState (const char *str, IPState *ip)
{
             if (!strcmp (str, "Idle"))  *ip = IPS_IDLE;
        else if (!strcmp (str, "Ok"))    *ip = IPS_OK;
        else if (!strcmp (str, "Busy"))  *ip = IPS_BUSY;
        else if (!strcmp (str, "Alert")) *ip = IPS_ALERT;
        else return (-1);
        return (0);
}

/* crack string into ISState.
 * return 0 if ok, else -1
 */
static int
crackISState (const char *str, ISState *ip)
{
             if (!strcmp (str, "On"))  *ip = ISS_ON;
        else if (!strcmp (str, "Off")) *ip = ISS_OFF;
        else return (-1);
        return (0);
}

/* return static string corresponding to the given switch state */
const char *
sstateStr (ISState s)
{
        switch (s) {
        case ISS_ON:  return ("On");
        case ISS_OFF: return ("Off");
        default:
            fprintf (stderr, "Impossible ISState %d\n", s);
            exit(1);
        }
}

/* return static string corresponding to the given Rule */
const char *
ruleStr (ISRule r)
{
        switch (r) {
        case ISR_1OFMANY: return ("OneOfMany");
        case ISR_ATMOST1: return ("AtMostOne");
        case ISR_NOFMANY: return ("AnyOfMany");
        default:
            fprintf (stderr, "Impossible ISRule %d\n", r);
            exit(1);
        }
}

/* return static string corresponding to the given IPerm */
const char *
permStr (IPerm p)
{
        switch (p) {
        case IP_RO: return ("ro");
        case IP_WO: return ("wo");
        case IP_RW: return ("rw");
        default:
            fprintf (stderr, "Impossible IPerm %d\n", p);
            exit(1);
        }
}

/* print the boilerplate comment introducing xml */
static void
xmlv1()
{
        printf ("<?xml version='1.0'?>\n");
}