1 | (* Content-type: application/mathematica *)
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2 |
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3 | (*** Wolfram Notebook File ***)
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4 | (* http://www.wolfram.com/nb *)
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5 |
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6 | (* CreatedBy='Mathematica 6.0' *)
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7 |
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8 | (*CacheID: 234*)
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9 | (* Internal cache information:
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17 | WindowFrame->Normal
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18 | ContainsDynamic->False*)
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19 |
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20 | (* Beginning of Notebook Content *)
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21 | Notebook[{
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22 |
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23 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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24 | Cell["Pavages du plan", "Title",
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25 | Evaluatable->False,
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26 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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27 |
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28 | Cell[TextData[{
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29 | "Il existe partout des dessins obtenus par r\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]titions d'un \
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30 | motif unique: carreaux d'une fen\[EHat]tre, tuiles d'une toiture, lattes de \
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31 | bois d'une cl\[OHat]ture, briques d'un mur, papier peint, tissu,... On ne les \
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32 | trouve pas seulement dans des objets produits par l'homme: le rayon de cire \
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33 | d'abeille, la corolle des fleurs, le cristal de sel,...\nLa couverture d'un \
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34 | plan par r\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]titions d'un m\[EHat]me motif, sans \
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35 | chevauchements ni trous, s'appelle un ",
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36 | StyleBox["pavage",
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37 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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38 | ". Comme c'est le cas pour toutes les t\[AHat]ches \
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39 | r\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]titives, l'informatique s'av\[EGrave]re tr\[EGrave]s \
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40 | utile pour produire des pavages."
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41 | }], "Text",
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42 | Evaluatable->False,
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43 | PageBreakAbove->False,
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44 | TextAlignment->Left,
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46 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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47 |
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48 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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49 |
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50 | Cell["D\[EAcute]finition du motif", "Subsubtitle"],
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51 |
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52 | Cell[TextData[{
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53 | "Pour d\[EAcute]finir une forme, on proc\[EGrave]de comme ci-dessous. On \
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54 | donne un nom sans espaces ou symboles ayant une signification \
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55 | sp\[EAcute]ciale dans ",
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56 | StyleBox["Mathematica",
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57 | FontSlant->"Italic"],
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58 | " (comme - par exemple). Vient ensuite le signe =. Enfin, entre accolades, \
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59 | on indique la couleur, puis, apr\[EGrave]s une virgule, viennent la ou les \
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60 | primitives graphiques."
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61 | }], "Text",
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62 | Evaluatable->False,
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63 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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64 |
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65 | Cell[BoxData[{
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66 | RowBox[{
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67 | RowBox[{"carr\[EAcute]", "=",
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68 | RowBox[{"{",
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69 | RowBox[{
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70 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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71 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "0", ",", "0"}], "]"}], ",",
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72 | RowBox[{"Polygon", "[",
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73 | RowBox[{"{",
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74 | RowBox[{
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75 | RowBox[{"{",
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76 | RowBox[{
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77 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",",
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78 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}]}], "}"}], ",",
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79 | RowBox[{"{",
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80 | RowBox[{
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81 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",", "1"}], "}"}], ",",
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82 | RowBox[{"{",
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83 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "1"}], "}"}], ",",
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84 | RowBox[{"{",
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85 | RowBox[{"1", ",",
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86 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}],
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87 | ";"}], "\n",
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88 | RowBox[{
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89 | RowBox[{"croix", "=",
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90 | RowBox[{"{",
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91 | RowBox[{
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92 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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93 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "1", ",", "0"}], "]"}], ",",
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94 | RowBox[{"Thickness", "[", "0.01", "]"}], ",",
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95 | RowBox[{"Line", "[",
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96 | RowBox[{"{",
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97 | RowBox[{
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98 | RowBox[{"{",
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99 | RowBox[{
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100 | RowBox[{"-", "0.5"}], ",",
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102 | RowBox[{"{",
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103 | RowBox[{"0.5", ",", "0.5"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}], ",",
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110 | RowBox[{"{",
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111 | RowBox[{
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112 | RowBox[{"-", "0.5"}], ",", "0.5"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}],
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113 | "}"}]}], ";"}]}], "Input",
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114 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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115 |
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116 | Cell["\<\
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117 | Une fois toutes les parties du dessin d\[EAcute]finies, on indique l'ordre \
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118 | dans lequel elles doivent \[EHat]tre dessin\[EAcute]es:\
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119 | \>", "Text",
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120 | Evaluatable->False,
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121 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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122 |
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123 | Cell[BoxData[
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124 | RowBox[{
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125 | RowBox[{"pav\[EAcute]", "=",
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126 | RowBox[{"{",
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127 | RowBox[{"carr\[EAcute]", ",", "croix"}], "}"}]}], ";"}]], "Input",
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128 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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129 |
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130 | Cell[TextData[{
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131 | StyleBox["Mathematica",
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132 | FontSlant->"Italic"],
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133 | " dessinera d'abord le carr\[EAcute] puis la croix. Changez l'ordre pour \
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134 | voir la diff\[EAcute]rence ! \nRien ne sera dessin\[EAcute] \[AGrave] l'\
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135 | \[EAcute]cran tant que vous ne direz pas \[AGrave] ",
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136 | StyleBox["Mathematica",
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137 | FontSlant->"Italic"],
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138 | " de le faire ! Voici l'instruction \[AGrave] utiliser:"
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139 | }], "Text",
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140 | Evaluatable->False,
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141 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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142 |
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143 | Cell[BoxData[
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144 | RowBox[{"Show", "[",
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145 | RowBox[{
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146 | RowBox[{"Graphics", "[", "pav\[EAcute]", "]"}], ",",
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147 | RowBox[{"AspectRatio", "\[Rule]", "Automatic"}]}], "]"}]], "Input",
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148 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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149 |
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150 | Cell["\<\
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151 | (on peut r\[EAcute]duire ou agrandir de dessin en cliquant dessus et en \
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152 | manipulant les poign\[EAcute]es).\
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153 | \>", "Text"]
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154 | }, Open ]],
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155 |
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156 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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157 |
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158 | Cell["R\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]tition du motif", "Subsubtitle"],
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159 |
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160 | Cell[TextData[{
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161 | "Le motif g\[EAcute]n\[EAcute]rique de pavage sera d\[EAcute]fini comme \
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162 | suit. On doit d'abord donner les deux directions de translation (pour couvrir \
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163 | un plan il faut deux directions). On peut faire une analogie avec les \
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164 | machines \[AGrave] \[EAcute]crire. En tapant sur une touche, la touche \
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165 | \"avance\" automatiquement d'un cran vers la droite; cela correspond pour \
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166 | nous \[AGrave] notre direction ",
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167 | StyleBox["u",
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168 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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169 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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170 | ". \[CapitalAGrave] la fin d'une ligne, on descend d'un cran avant de \
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171 | recommencer une nouvelle ligne; c'est notre direction ",
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172 | StyleBox["v",
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173 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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174 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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175 | ". Remarquez que les vecteurs ",
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176 | StyleBox["u",
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177 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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178 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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179 | " et ",
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180 | StyleBox["v",
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181 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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182 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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183 | " n'ont pas besoin d'\[EHat]tre perpendiculaires; ils doivent seulement \
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184 | \[EHat]tre non colin\[EAcute]aires."
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185 | }], "Text",
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186 | Evaluatable->False,
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187 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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188 |
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189 | Cell[TextData[{
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190 | "Comme notre dessin a une largeur de 2, on se d\[EAcute]calera de deux unit\
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191 | \[EAcute]s vers la droite (",
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192 | StyleBox["u",
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193 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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194 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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195 | "). Comme on a envie que nos dessins soient r\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]t\[EAcute]s \
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196 | en quinconce, la direction ",
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197 | StyleBox["v",
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198 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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199 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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200 | " indique que pour recommencer une ligne, on se d\[EAcute]calera d'un cran \
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201 | vers la droite et de deux vers le haut par rapport \[AGrave] la ligne pr\
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202 | \[EAcute]c\[EAcute]dente."
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203 | }], "Text",
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204 | Evaluatable->False,
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205 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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206 |
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207 | Cell[BoxData[
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208 | RowBox[{
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209 | RowBox[{"u", "=",
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210 | RowBox[{"{",
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211 | RowBox[{"2", ",", "0"}], "}"}]}], ";",
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212 | RowBox[{"v", "=",
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213 | RowBox[{"{",
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214 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "2"}], "}"}]}], ";"}]], "Input",
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215 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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216 |
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217 | Cell["\<\
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218 | On d\[EAcute]finit maintenant le motif g\[EAcute]n\[EAcute]rique qui \
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219 | permettra de paver notre plan:\
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220 | \>", "Text",
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221 | Evaluatable->False,
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222 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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223 |
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224 | Cell[BoxData[
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225 | RowBox[{
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226 | RowBox[{"motif", "=",
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227 | RowBox[{"ReplaceAll", "[",
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228 | RowBox[{"pav\[EAcute]", ",",
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229 | RowBox[{
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230 | RowBox[{"{",
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231 | RowBox[{
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232 | RowBox[{"x_", "?", "NumberQ"}], ",",
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233 | RowBox[{"y_", "?", "NumberQ"}]}], "}"}], "\[Rule]",
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234 | RowBox[{"{",
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235 | RowBox[{
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236 | RowBox[{"x", "+",
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237 | RowBox[{
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238 | RowBox[{"u", "\[LeftDoubleBracket]", "1", "\[RightDoubleBracket]"}],
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239 | " ", "dx"}], "+",
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240 | RowBox[{
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241 | RowBox[{"v", "\[LeftDoubleBracket]", "1", "\[RightDoubleBracket]"}],
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242 | " ", "dy"}]}], ",",
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243 | RowBox[{"y", "+",
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244 | RowBox[{
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245 | RowBox[{"u", "\[LeftDoubleBracket]", "2", "\[RightDoubleBracket]"}],
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246 | " ", "dx"}], "+",
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247 | RowBox[{
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248 | RowBox[{"v", "\[LeftDoubleBracket]", "2", "\[RightDoubleBracket]"}],
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249 | " ", "dy"}]}]}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]}], ";"}]], "Input",
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250 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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251 |
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252 | Cell[TextData[{
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253 | "La fonction ",
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254 | StyleBox["ReplaceAll",
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255 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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256 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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257 | " remplace les coordonn\[EAcute]es ",
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258 | StyleBox["x",
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259 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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260 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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261 | " par ",
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262 | StyleBox["x+u[[1]]dx+v[[1]]dy",
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263 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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264 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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265 | " et les coordonn\[EAcute]es ",
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266 | StyleBox["y",
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267 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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268 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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269 | " par ",
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270 | StyleBox["y+u[[2]]dx+v[[2]]dy",
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271 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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272 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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273 | ". On peut maintenant cr\[EAcute]er une liste en faisant varier ",
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274 | StyleBox["dx",
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275 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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276 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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277 | " et ",
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278 | StyleBox["dy",
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279 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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280 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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281 | " entre 0 et le nombre de r\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]titions moins une que l'on \
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282 | veut en horizontal et en vertical. Dans notre exemple, on a d\[EAcute]cid\
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283 | \[EAcute] de r\[EAcute]p\[EAcute]ter 5 fois selon la direction ",
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284 | StyleBox["u",
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285 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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286 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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287 | " et 4 fois selon la direction ",
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288 | StyleBox["v",
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289 | FontFamily->"Courier",
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290 | FontWeight->"Bold"],
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291 | ":"
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292 | }], "Text",
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293 | PageWidth->WindowWidth,
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294 | Evaluatable->False,
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295 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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296 |
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297 | Cell[BoxData[
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298 | RowBox[{
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299 | RowBox[{"pavage", "=",
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300 | RowBox[{"Table", "[",
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301 | RowBox[{"motif", ",",
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302 | RowBox[{"{",
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303 | RowBox[{"dx", ",", "0", ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",",
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304 | RowBox[{"{",
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305 | RowBox[{"dy", ",", "0", ",", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], ";"}]], "Input",
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306 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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307 |
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308 | Cell["Dessinons enfin ce pavage :", "Text",
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309 | Evaluatable->False,
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310 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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311 |
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312 | Cell[BoxData[
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313 | RowBox[{"Show", "[",
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314 | RowBox[{
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315 | RowBox[{"Graphics", "[", "pavage", "]"}], ",",
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316 | RowBox[{"AspectRatio", "\[Rule]", "Automatic"}]}], "]"}]], "Input",
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317 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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318 |
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319 | Cell["\<\
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320 | Vous trouverez ci-dessous trois pavages de difficult\[EAcute]s croissantes.\
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321 | \>", "Text"],
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322 |
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323 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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324 |
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325 | Cell["Exemple 1 : le carrelage", "Subsection",
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326 | Evaluatable->False,
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327 | PageBreakAbove->True,
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328 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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329 |
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330 | Cell["\<\
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331 | D'apr\[EGrave]s le travail de Pauline Bart, classe 1BD', mars 1997.\
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332 | \>", "Text",
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333 | Evaluatable->False,
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334 | AspectRatioFixed->True],
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335 |
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336 | Cell[BoxData[{
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337 | RowBox[{
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338 | RowBox[{"fond", "=",
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339 | RowBox[{"{",
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340 | RowBox[{
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341 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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342 | RowBox[{"0", ",", "0.8`", ",", "0.8`"}], "]"}], ",",
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343 | RowBox[{"Rectangle", "[",
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344 | RowBox[{
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345 | RowBox[{"{",
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346 | RowBox[{
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347 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",",
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348 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}]}], "}"}], ",",
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349 | RowBox[{"{",
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350 | RowBox[{"2", ",", "2"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}], ";"}], "\n",
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351 | RowBox[{
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352 | RowBox[{"carr\[EAcute]", "=",
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353 | RowBox[{"{",
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354 | RowBox[{
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355 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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356 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "0.5`", ",", "0"}], "]"}], ",",
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357 | RowBox[{"Rectangle", "[",
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358 | RowBox[{
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359 | RowBox[{"{",
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360 | RowBox[{"0", ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",",
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361 | RowBox[{"{",
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362 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "1"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}], ";"}], "\n",
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363 | RowBox[{
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364 | RowBox[{"triangleGauche", "=",
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365 | RowBox[{"{",
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366 | RowBox[{
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367 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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368 | RowBox[{"0.1`", ",", "0.1`", ",", "0.7`"}], "]"}], ",",
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369 | RowBox[{"Polygon", "[",
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370 | RowBox[{"{",
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371 | RowBox[{
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372 | RowBox[{"{",
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373 | RowBox[{
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374 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",",
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375 | RowBox[{"{",
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376 | RowBox[{
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377 | RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",", "1"}], "}"}], ",",
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378 | RowBox[{"{",
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379 | RowBox[{"0", ",", "1"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}],
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380 | ";"}], "\n",
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381 | RowBox[{
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382 | RowBox[{"triangleHaut", "=",
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383 | RowBox[{"{",
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384 | RowBox[{
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385 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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386 | RowBox[{"0.1`", ",", "0.1`", ",", "0.7`"}], "]"}], ",",
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387 | RowBox[{"Polygon", "[",
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388 | RowBox[{"{",
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389 | RowBox[{
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390 | RowBox[{"{",
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391 | RowBox[{"0", ",", "2"}], "}"}], ",",
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392 | RowBox[{"{",
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393 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "2"}], "}"}], ",",
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394 | RowBox[{"{",
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395 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "1"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}],
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396 | ";"}], "\n",
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397 | RowBox[{
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398 | RowBox[{"triangleDroit", "=",
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399 | RowBox[{"{",
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400 | RowBox[{
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401 | RowBox[{"RGBColor", "[",
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402 | RowBox[{"0.1`", ",", "0.1`", ",", "0.7`"}], "]"}], ",",
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403 | RowBox[{"Polygon", "[",
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404 | RowBox[{"{",
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405 | RowBox[{
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406 | RowBox[{"{",
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407 | RowBox[{"1", ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",",
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408 | RowBox[{"{",
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409 | RowBox[{"2", ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",",
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410 | RowBox[{"{",
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411 | RowBox[{"2", ",", "1"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}], "}"}]}],
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---|
1179 | Evaluatable->False],
|
---|
1180 | Cell[8891, 296, 297, 9, 31, "Input"],
|
---|
1181 | Cell[9191, 307, 89, 2, 29, "Text",
|
---|
1182 | Evaluatable->False],
|
---|
1183 | Cell[9283, 311, 194, 5, 31, "Input"],
|
---|
1184 | Cell[9480, 318, 99, 2, 29, "Text"],
|
---|
1185 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
|
---|
1186 | Cell[9604, 324, 115, 3, 36, "Subsection",
|
---|
1187 | Evaluatable->False,
|
---|
1188 | PageBreakAbove->True],
|
---|
1189 | Cell[9722, 329, 137, 4, 29, "Text",
|
---|
1190 | Evaluatable->False],
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---|
1191 | Cell[9862, 335, 3215, 105, 272, "Input"],
|
---|
1192 | Cell[13080, 442, 1481, 44, 132, "Input"]
|
---|
1193 | }, Open ]],
|
---|
1194 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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---|
1195 | Cell[14598, 491, 150, 5, 36, "Subsection",
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---|
1196 | Evaluatable->False,
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---|
1197 | PageBreakAbove->True],
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1198 | Cell[14751, 498, 158, 5, 29, "Text",
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1199 | Evaluatable->False],
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1200 | Cell[14912, 505, 6505, 213, 452, "Input"],
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---|
1201 | Cell[21420, 720, 1498, 44, 132, "Input"]
|
---|
1202 | }, Open ]],
|
---|
1203 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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---|
1204 | Cell[22955, 769, 54, 0, 36, "Subsection"],
|
---|
1205 | Cell[23012, 771, 7065, 230, 412, "Input"],
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---|
1206 | Cell[30080, 1003, 1534, 45, 132, "Input"]
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---|
1207 | }, Open ]],
|
---|
1208 | Cell[CellGroupData[{
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---|
1209 | Cell[31651, 1053, 73, 2, 71, "Section",
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---|
1210 | Evaluatable->False],
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---|
1211 | Cell[31727, 1057, 1384, 37, 177, "Text",
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1212 | Evaluatable->False]
|
---|
1213 | }, Open ]]
|
---|
1214 | }, Open ]]
|
---|
1215 | }, Open ]]
|
---|
1216 | }
|
---|
1217 | ]
|
---|
1218 | *)
|
---|
1219 |
|
---|
1220 | (* End of internal cache information *)
|
---|
1221 |
|
---|