Short description meant as an input to  Table 2?

The Working Groups, endorsed by ECFA since 2000 with the mandate to propose and prepare the evolution of European research in the field of neutrino physics beyond the present CNGS, propose to structure themselves as a FP6 Networking Activity where accelerator and particle physicists together and coherently plan the technical effort, by comparing the physics reach of the different approaches while closely monitoring the rapid evolution of the field. We intend to investigate coherently,  defining and preparing  the necessary R&D, the main options for  n  infrastructures of superior intensity to be upgraded and/or built. 

Our preliminary road map can be so outlined. The Neutrino Factory, novel multi-accelerator complex whose final stage is a high energy m  storage & decay ring, promises the ultimate tool for precise study of  nm  & ne  properties. Its high power p-driver will also offer, however, early on the way,  the possibility of a SuperBeam, a superior nm beam still based on a conventional p decay tunnel  (as well as of an  unprecedented facility for fundamental  experiments  with  slow m). Later, the road may well include a branch leading to the unique complentary physics reach of the BetaBeam, pure ne  beam from a high energy b-active ion storage & decay  ring, recently proposed at CERN based on part of its existing accelerator complex. Integrating all the proposed studies, we aim at developping, from the present basic conceptual road map, a true road-map of technical milestones for the realization of a new powerful evolutive European neutrino facility. 

Longer description to stay here?

The investigation of the properties of neutrinos (n), 70 years after the invention, 46 after the discovery of the ne, 22 after the discovery of the third and so far last nt species, is and will still long be revealing to us fundamental and unique information on the basic nature and texture of fundamental matter. 

Recent experiments have established transitions in flight of one n into another, very likely to be oscillations over two independent long baselines (LBL), Thus n do have non zero mixing rates and non zero masses. The exceptional smallness of the masses points to the existence of new fundamental physics occurring at a very high-energy scale, providing indeed the first experimental opportunity to explore it. The pattern of large mixings is likely to carry the imprint of this new specific physics mechanism and, even more importantly, points to the possibility of a large leptonic CP violation phase. If true, that may be a key ingredient in the understanding of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe (including the existence of our own physical bodies!), rooting it in a fundamental asymmetry of the mechanism of primordial lepto-genesis by decay of very heavy neutrinos. 

This opens a field of research which will last several decades, perform the complete mapping of the patterns of masses and mixings and culminate with the discovery of leptonic CP violation. Long baselines  impose very high power, as constraints on the physics at the new scale will come only from good statistics precision measurements. These studies will thus require an important investment in accelerator-based neutrino beams and experiments, improving significantly the present facilities and/or developing new ones. Proposed underground neutrino detector locations, both existing and new, will also need careful scrutiny.

The present European program (CNGS) is expected to produce decisive evidence of nutau appearance. It can greatly benefit from R&D towards improved performance. In addition. by the time of his operation, we must have a clear view of the nature, characteristics and logistics of the investments necessary for a further major upgrade of our discovery potential in this sector. We plan to channel 
all our efforts towards the global strategic objective of submitting, to the  European funding agencies and laboratory director,  a complete Conceptual Design Report (CDR ) of  an upgraded and/or new European neutrino facility by 2008, that appears the earliest conceivable date for new significant investments in an European particle physics program. 

This Networking Activity on neutrino beams, together with the Design Study that we will soon be also proposing, aims at making such a CDRpossible. We plan to  investigate coherently the requirements posed on accelerators by this long term program of experimental LBLneutrino physics, defining and preparing the R&D necessary for the few main options of future n  beams of unprecedented intensity. Our preliminary road map can be so outlined. The Neutrino Factory (NuFact), novel multi-accelerator complex whose final stage is a high energy m  storage & decay ring, promises the ultimate tool for precise study of nm  & ne  properties. Its superior reach largely stems from the unprecedented possibilty of accelerating and storing the neutrino parents. Its high power p-driver alone will already offer, however, early on the way, the intermediate physics reach of a SuperBeam, a superior nm beam still based on a conventional p decay tunel  (as well as of an  unprecedented facility for fundamental  experiments  with  slow m ). Later, the road may well include a branch leading to the unique complentary physics reach of the BetaBeam, pure ne  beam from a high energy b-active ion storage & decay  ring, recently proposed at CERN based on part of its existing accelerator complex.

Some of the techniques involved in producing such proton, pion, muon and radioactive ion beams are used at present while some are still at the conceptual stage. Problems related to delivering and sustaining high power, collect efficiently pions, muons or ions in very severe environment, reduce their phase space, accelerate and store them will have to be tackled.  To this end, we propose 

q    a systematic investigation of the various accelerator options mentioned above, 
q    a study of their technical limitations and 
q    a study of their comparative merit and physics reach. 

This will be necessary in all the sectors of our effort, where often equally promising  but different solutions are being pursued. Most striking example, perhaps, are  the approaches to the problem 
of the large emittance of the muons emerging from the first stages ("front end") of a NuFact. European and American preliminary baseline designs both thrive on  ionization cooling (though with two significantly different schemes, 88 and 200 MHz respectively), while the Japanese scheme relies on little or no cooling, by means of a cascade of  very large aperture (Fixed Field Alternated Gradient) accelerators. 

The possibility to upgrade the present accelerators as well as the development of new facilities will be studied, the critical issues will be identified and attempt to propose solutions which can be supported by accelerator R&D will be made. Integrating all the proposed studies, we aim at developping, from the present basic conceptual road map, a true road-map of technical milestones for the realization of a new powerful evolutive European neutrino facility. 

Such a coherent and coordinated European program on neutrino beams will involve the large majority of the European experts in this field and will allow Europe to play a world leader role. It will enhance considerably the collaboration between accelerator physicists on the one hand and will develop a synergy between particle physicists and accelerator physicists on the other, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the field.

Very limited resources are presently available in Europe for accelerator neutrino physics. The LHC crisis appears to inevitably imply reduced support from the European agencies, even to the approved CNGS program. Decisive added  value would result, from the EC support that we are requesting here, to the strategic goal of producing a timely European initiative and leadership in the fondamental area of neutrino science. This applies both to this Networking Activity and to R&D Projects. Among those,  HIPPI, proposed within this I, and MICE, entering soon its final design phase, appear as the natural continuation of the R&D projects (MUSCAT, HARP and the first BNL-CERN target experiment) that, as ECFA Muon Study Groups, we have initiated in the recent past. 

 but what if INFN were just one organization? 

 .....  specify the  deliverables  ......

The expected outcome of the NA will consist of technical notes, articles, reports, proceedings of workshops and meetings devoted to the solve (or prepare solution of) all problems necessary to launch in the shortest possible time complete conceptual design studies of a realistic option for each of the three mentioned types of future neutrino source.

NB More work needed, considering that the main delivrables of a NA are described by the EC as 
 -the organization of general meetings, workshops or specialized meeting with corresponding proceedings. Normally, the general meetings are meant to identify limitations, establish the state-of-the-art and share expertise, workshops and specialized meetings are meant to study particular issues.
Important deliverables will be also 
-reports on comparative studies, 
- development of roadmaps,
- definitions of joint research projects for which EU funding could be requested at a later stage. 
Other delivrables could be 
- the definition and selection of common protocols, for example for portability of software 
-  databases 
-  simulation codes and their maintenance. 
In any case, a detailed plan of the activities for the 18 first months with clear objectives and delivrables should be proposed and the longer-term perspectives should be explicited.
A proposal for full Technical Design Study can also be given as a deliverable. 

..... to be done largely by the 7 coordinators first and then in collegially by   the NA SG  ...   for now, excerpts from contributions from Coordinators are being collected below 

PHYSICS
CNGS ?
DRIVER.
Meetings will be held regularly (about once every 2 months) to discuss progresses, and a general workshop once a year is foreseen. Proceedings will be published describing the results obtained and the strategy to further develop the R&D topics. The broadening of expertise within the network will allow a better definition of technological developments to be undergone. The creation and maintenance of a website will facilitate the sharing of information.
Another important topic of the meetings and workshops will be a prospective to further extend the possible applications of such high intensity proton drivers in other physics domains and for practical applications. This would be an extra bonus to the R&D pursued within the HIPPI JRP. In addition, the regular publication of reports is a quality insurance of the JRP’s.
TARGET The main oustanding expected deliverable is a consensus on the best way forward for the successful construction of targets for a European Neutrino Factory. Individual deliverables are expected to be 1) a comprehensive summary report, reviewing the present status 2) solidly rooted links with the presently loosely tied existing world wide expertise  3) establishment in Europe of the best possible up-to-date and durable knowledge base of world wide activities in target development 4) careful & structured dissemination of information and progress 4) detailed investigation and documentation of the possible solutions of the limitations of each of the technological options 5) expression of interest and proposals of  detailed and realistic R&D projects capable to prove the solutions 
COLLECTOR The main expected deliverable is a comprehensive final report on horn designs, proposing multiple specific solutions respectivelly adequate to performance and lifetime requirements in a classical beam, a superbeam and ultimately in a neutrino factories.This will be based on detailed thermo-mechanical simulations, complete technical specification of electric supply and discharge equipment and state-of -the art knowledge of mechanical properties of alloys under high rate neutron irradiation. It will include specific solutions to the choices ( of material for the collection device, of machining, soldering and assembling techniques, of  heat removal and cooling system) necessary to achieve a lifetime  of 200 M pulses or more, as well as to the problems of real life integration of horn and target and of  periodic replacement of either or both after 200 M pulses, in the average.
COOLING Main deliverables are 0) Formation of a European muon front end network , with consolidated link with US and Japan 1) Determination of the performance of the European  design incorporating realistic fields and real engineerization. 2) Simulation of cooling free  front ends in  comparison with our baseline; quantitative appraisal  of  the indispensability of cooling 3) Simulation of front ends based on cooling rings 4)Assessment of the technologies required by 1)2) & 3) and of  their feasibility 5) Proposal of a coherent R&D program as a result of this assessment 6) Determination of the resolution of MICE (in the measurement of emittance and emittance reduction) and of its potential beyond its baseline measurements plans 
BETABEAM
We aims at a team including RAL, TSL in Uppsala, GSI, GANIL, INFN Legnaro associating TRIUMF and FermiLab. Its expected deliverables in the first 18 months are 
1) Meeting at GSI in September 2003: Follow up of Moriond in March and discussions on possible synergy with the future GSI design study.2) International workshop on a beta-beam facility in June 2004 3) Theoretical study and appraisal of experimental tests of longitudinal stacking scheme for the decay ring (in the CERN PS) 4) Computer simulation and theoretical study of losses in the decay ring 5) Proposal for targets to be tested for the production of suitable beta-beam isotopes 6) Study of cyclotron injection into a storage ring using a charge injection scheme (TSL and Triumf)
7) Study of dynamic aperture in the SPS (RAL)
A comprehensive report, "Ideas for a beta-beam facility", would conclude the first 18 months  Further meetings would be held at least once a year but it will depend on a possible design study. Reports will be delivered as conference papers and as CERN reports. The next stage would be a conceptual design report but the likely date for that would heavily depend on a possible design study.
Only fresh resources, presently unavailable, would evidently permit us to address a larger number of issues such as: lattice for decay ring and storage ring, optics for transfer lines and injection line, full simulation of stacking scheme, full simulation of losses, test of injection schemes (both storage ring and decayring), construction and test of prototype target at ISOLDE and test of targets at TRIUMF with a high intensity proton.

Outline the milestones to be achieved by means of the NA, as relevant to each work package.

 ..... to be done largely by the 7 coordinators first and then in collegially by   the NA SG

PHYSICS
CNGS 
DRIVER
TARGET 
COLLECTOR milestones
1)a comprehensive status report of the current state of the art in the early phase of the NA
2) the formation of a collaboration to propose a complete  design study 
2) the publication of a detailed proposal for the evolution ("road map") towards  the design 
of a complete collection system, properly integrated upstream with the design of the target and 
downstream with the one of the muon  front end 
3)yearly international workshops, assembling EU,  USA and Japanese expertise and timely
addressing the milestones of this evolution 
4) a report on comparative studies of different simulation of the complete production and 
collection of neutrino parents 

COOLING

(0) Q1 2004: have European network formed and working.
(1) Q2 2004: completion of simulation of at least one frontend without cooling
             using detailed simulation codes. Comparison with existing studies
             of the baseline European design.
(2) Q2 2004: complete detailed analysis of the systematic errors for the 
             baseline MICE experiment and hence a determination of total 
             emittance resolution.
(3) Q3 2004: begin assessment of US ring cooler designs and start to develop
             a ring cooler to fit into the European Neutrino Factory.
(4) Q4 2004: begin determination of more realistic fields for the baseline
             cooling channel.
(5) Q2 2005: determine performance of the baseline channel with realistic 
             fields.
(6) Q3 2005: complete a preliminary outline design for a European ring cooler.
(7) Q3 2005: start assessment of the use of MICE for testing alternative
             frontends or running the cooling cell components in different
             modes.
(8) Q4 2005: start optimising Neutrino Factory designs for different frontend
             designs.
(9) Q2 2006: start to look at technological aspects of implementing the
             different frontends and preparing R&D programmes.
(10) Q1 2007: start assessment of first results from MICE.
(11) Q3 2007: complete studies of alternative MICE experiments. Start preparing
              a proposal if the results are positive.
(12) Q1 2008: complete technology investigations and Neutrino Factory design
              optimisation.
(13) Q2 2008: assess impact of full MICE results.
(14) Q3 2008: complete detailed comparison between the alternative frontend
              designs.
(15) Q4 2008: if sufficient information is not available from MICE, devise an 
              R&D programme for proving the best frontend can be built and 
              will work. Write a proposal.

BETABEAM
 
 
 

Links to obtained results can also be given here (or a link to a site prepared for disseminating the acquired knowledge)

Bibliography? .... throu the EBNE Website, to be set  up ..... recycling the wealth of the ECFA Muon site  ... what else? 

ie ndicate how the participants and the relevant scientific community will benefit from the expected results of this particular networking activity. 

The NA plans to hold regular and structured Weeks of meetings and discussion organized 3 to 4 times a year. . In addition one or two dedicated workshop are foreseen per year. 

The international community meets once a year at the occasion of the ECFA-sponsored NuFact & Superbeam Workshop. A NUFACT School is held, since 2002, yearly on the same location of the Workshop ... this does not seem to be eligible ...

Such a coherent and coordinated European program on neutrino beams will involve the large majority of the European experts in this field and will allow Europe to play a world leader role. It will enhance considerably the collaboration between accelerator physicists on the one hand and will develop a synergy between particle physicists and accelerator physicists on the other, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the field.
R&D experiments and projects as the ones being performed (HARP, high intensity target R&D, horn R&D etc )  or planned (MICE), will be pursued and multiplied , will mark the technical progress of our studies and will provide training and learning opportunities to large number of students and postdocs. 

We should also contribute to the description of the overall plan to disseminate, promote and exploit the knowledge derived from the NA both within and beyond the consortium: publications, conferences, workshops and web-based activities aiming at disseminating the knowledge and technology produced.
 

NB Only preliminary thoughts. 

We are suggested also to explain, looking at the ensemble of the “networking activities”, how they will enhance the services provided by the research infrastructures in the proposed programme of activities under consideration.

To be done later. 
 
 

.e. give an indicative multi-annual execution plan (in tabular form) for the whole duration of the I3 that cover all the networking activities. For each activity, you should specify the relevant milestones and the expected deliverables. Additional information can be provided, if necessary, in free text.

Detailed work needed here.

A contribution of N4 to the18 months plan will also have to be provided. 
Should one give here a correspondingly more detailed execution plan for the first 18 months? 

We should also produce a general “road map”, detailing our view of the time scale of initiatives in the sector of neutrino beams in the medium and long-term future.

In order to prompt discussion, I just attempt the following

R&D and design studies from now to 2007 or 2008

Conceptual Design Report for a Neutrino Factory in 2008 
Realization of  a  Superbeam, a European high power conventional neutrino facility(2012 at earliest?)
Realization of the first Neutrino Factory in 2015 (or later?)
First possible date for a running Betabeam complex? 

..... collecting here from  the 7 coordinators first 

CNGS 
DRIVER.
TARGET Milestones

Spring 2004    Initial meeting of the European Participants. Allotment of specific duties

Summer 2004    1st Main Meeting (with international participants) to present the current progress in target studies

Autumn 2004        Publication of the current position of target development
Preliminary recommendations of future R&D.

Summer 2005        1st International Conference on Targets

Spring 2006        Publication of Conference Proceedings
/Summer        2nd Main meeting of the target group

Autumn 2006        Publication of interim report on target developments
            Recommendations of future R&D

Summer 2007        2nd International Conference on Targets

Spring 2008        Publication of Conference Proceedings
/Summer        3rd Main meeting of the target group

Summer 2009        3rd International Conference on Targets

Winter 2009        4th Main and final meeting of the target group

Spring 2010        Publication of Conference Proceedings
/Summer        Final report and recommendations on Targets
COLLECTOR 

COOLING
BETA
PHYSICS