[392] | 1 | \relax |
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| 2 | \citation{SKNU04,K2KNU04} |
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| 3 | \citation{K2KNU04} |
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| 4 | \citation{MINOS} |
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| 5 | \citation{OPERA,ICARUS} |
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| 6 | \citation{CNGS} |
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| 7 | \citation{LSND} |
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| 8 | \citation{MINIBOONE} |
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| 9 | \citation{PMNS} |
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| 10 | \citation{CHOOZ} |
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| 11 | \citation{Wpaper} |
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| 12 | \citation{BETABEAM} |
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| 13 | \citation{NOVA,T2K} |
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| 14 | \citation{T2K,BNLHS,CERN} |
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| 15 | \citation{CERN} |
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| 16 | \citation{DONINI} |
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| 17 | \citation{DONINI,DOUBLE-CHOOZ} |
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| 18 | \citation{SPL} |
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| 19 | \citation{UNO} |
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| 20 | \citation{mosca} |
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| 21 | \citation{CERN} |
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| 22 | \citation{Meer} |
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| 23 | \citation{nuFact134,MMWPSCazes} |
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| 24 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{2}} |
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| 25 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Sketch of the SPL neutrino Superbeam from CERN to the Fr\'ejus tunnel.}}{2}} |
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| 26 | \newlabel{fig:Sbeam}{{1}{2}} |
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| 27 | \citation{DONINI,JJG,Mezzetto} |
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| 28 | \citation{nuFact138} |
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| 29 | \citation{fluka} |
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| 30 | \citation{CERN} |
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| 31 | \citation{SPL} |
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| 32 | \citation{MMWPSGaroby} |
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| 33 | \citation{nuFact134} |
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| 34 | \citation{harp} |
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| 35 | \citation{minerva} |
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| 36 | \citation{MARS} |
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| 37 | \citation{nuFact134} |
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| 38 | \citation{MMWPSGaroby} |
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| 39 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Liquid mercury jet parameters.}}{3}} |
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| 40 | \newlabel{tab:targ}{{1}{3}} |
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| 41 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Target simulation}{3}} |
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| 42 | \newlabel{sec:target}{{2}{3}} |
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| 43 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Pion momentum distribution at the exit the target (a) and at the exit of the horns (b), simulated by FLUKA (\mbox {- - - -}) and by MARS (\mbox {------}).}}{3}} |
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| 44 | \newlabel{fig:compFlukaMars}{{2}{3}} |
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| 45 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Kaon production}{3}} |
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| 46 | \newlabel{sec:kaon}{{3}{3}} |
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| 47 | \citation{FLUKAprivate} |
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| 48 | \citation{geant} |
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| 49 | \citation{SIMONE1} |
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| 50 | \citation{nuFact138} |
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| 51 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Average number of the most relevant secondary particles exiting the $30$\nobreakspace {}cm long, $1.5$\nobreakspace {}cm diameter mercury target per incident proton (FLUKA). The $\mu ^+/\mu ^-$ numbers and the $K^+/K^0$ numbers have been multiplied by $10^4$. Note that the $K^-$ production rate is at the level of $10^{-5}$ per incident proton.}}{4}} |
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| 52 | \newlabel{tab:nbPart}{{2}{4}} |
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| 53 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Kaon production (a) as a function of the incident proton beam energy ($E_p$) for $500\nobreakspace {}000$ incident protons with (\mbox {------}) curve for $K^+$, (\mbox {- - - -}) curve for $K^-$ and (\mbox {${\mathinner {\cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp }}$}) curve for $K^o$. Pion production (b) in the same conditions with (\mbox {------}) curve for $\pi ^+$ and (\mbox {- - - -}) curve for $\pi ^-$.}}{4}} |
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| 54 | \newlabel{fig:KaonsPions}{{3}{4}} |
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| 55 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Relevant parameters of horns. The shapes of the conductors are not changed by proton beam energy changes, as the focusing has been optimized for a defined pion momentum.}}{4}} |
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| 56 | \newlabel{tab:specif}{{3}{4}} |
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| 57 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Horn simulation}{4}} |
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| 58 | \newlabel{sec:horn}{{4}{4}} |
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| 59 | \citation{donega} |
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| 60 | \citation{donega} |
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| 61 | \citation{donega} |
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| 62 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces Design of the Horn and the Reflector conductor shapes implemented in the GEANT simulation. The Hg target is located inside the cylindrical part of the Horn.}}{5}} |
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| 63 | \newlabel{fig:plan}{{4}{5}} |
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| 64 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Particle decay treatment and flux calculation}{5}} |
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| 65 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces Number of protons on target for different beam energy at 4\nobreakspace {}MW constant power.}}{5}} |
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| 66 | \newlabel{tab:proton}{{4}{5}} |
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| 67 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Algorithm description}{5}} |
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| 68 | \newlabel{sec:algo}{{5.1}{5}} |
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| 69 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}Validation of the algorithm}{5}} |
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| 70 | \citation{donega} |
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| 71 | \citation{MEZZETTONUFACT060} |
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| 72 | \citation{DONINI-2} |
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| 73 | \citation{NUANCE} |
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| 74 | \citation{MEZZETTONUFACT060} |
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| 75 | \citation{UNO} |
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| 76 | \citation{mosca} |
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| 77 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces Comparison between the probability method, (\mbox {------}) curve, and the full GEANT simulation method, (\mbox {- - - -}) curve, for the $\nu _\mu $ from $\pi ^+$ flux (left) and the $\mathaccent "7016\relax {\nu }_\mu $ from $\pi ^-$ flux (right). The horns are set to focus positive particles.}}{6}} |
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| 78 | \newlabel{fig:compGeantDonega}{{5}{6}} |
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| 79 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}Simulated fluxes}{6}} |
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| 80 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Sensitivity computation ingredients}{6}} |
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| 81 | \citation{MEZZETTONUFACT060} |
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| 82 | \citation{KAMLAND} |
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| 83 | \citation{JJG} |
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| 84 | \citation{MEZZETTONUFACT060} |
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| 85 | \citation{KAMLAND} |
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| 86 | \citation{JJG} |
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| 87 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces Integral of the different species fluxes with different settings. The $\nu _\mu $ and $\mathaccent "7016\relax {\nu }_\mu $ fluxes are expressed in $10^{13}/100\@mathrm {m}^2/y$ unit while the $\nu _e$ and $\mathaccent "7016\relax {\nu }_e$ fluxes are expressed in $10^{11}/100\@mathrm {m}^2/y$ unit. The positive focusing and negative focusing are distinguished by a ($+$) sign and a ($-$) sign, respectively. The settings used corresponds to different values of $L_T$ and $R_T$, the length and radius of the decay tunnel. Setting (1) is the baseline option and means $L_T = 20$\nobreakspace {}m and $R_T = 1$\nobreakspace {}m, while setting (2) means $L_T = 10$\nobreakspace {}m and $R_T = 1$\nobreakspace {}m and setting (3) means $L_T = 40$\nobreakspace {}m and $R_T = 1$\nobreakspace {}m, and finally the setting (4) means $L_T = 20$\nobreakspace {}m and $R_T = 1.5$\nobreakspace {}m.}}{7}} |
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| 88 | \newlabel{tab:speciesfluxes}{{5}{7}} |
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| 89 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Neutrino fluxes $100$\nobreakspace {}km from the decay region and with the horns focusing the positive particles. The fluxes are computed for a SPL proton beam of $2.2$\nobreakspace {}GeV (4\nobreakspace {}MW), a decay tunnel with a length of $20$\nobreakspace {}m and a radius of $1$\nobreakspace {}m. The (\mbox {------}) curve is the contribution from primary pions and the daughter muons, the (\mbox {- - - -}) curve is the contribution from the charged kaon decay chain, and the (\mbox {${\mathinner {\cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp }}$}) curve is the contribution from the $K^0$ decay chain.}}{7}} |
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| 90 | \newlabel{fig:flux22p}{{6}{7}} |
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| 91 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces Same legend as for figure\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {} but the horns are focusing negative particles.}}{7}} |
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| 92 | \newlabel{fig:flux22m}{{7}{7}} |
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| 93 | \citation{MEZZETTONUFACT060} |
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| 94 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces Same legend as for figure\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $4.5$\nobreakspace {}GeV (4\nobreakspace {}MW).}}{8}} |
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| 95 | \newlabel{fig:flux45p}{{8}{8}} |
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| 96 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces Same legend as for figure\nobreakspace {}7\hbox {} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $4.5$\nobreakspace {}GeV (4\nobreakspace {}MW).}}{8}} |
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| 97 | \newlabel{fig:flux45m}{{9}{8}} |
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| 98 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Default user parameters used to compute the sensitivity curves \cite {MEZZETTONUFACT060}. The quoted errors in parenthesis for the $(12)$ and the $(23)$ parameters (absolute value for the masses and relative value for the angles) are coming respectively from the up to date combined Solar and KamLAND results \cite {KAMLAND} and from a 200 ktons-years SPL desappearance exposure \cite {JJG}.}}{8}} |
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| 99 | \newlabel{tab:param}{{6}{8}} |
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| 100 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Same legend as for figure\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $8$\nobreakspace {}GeV (4\nobreakspace {}MW).}}{8}} |
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| 101 | \newlabel{fig:flux8p}{{10}{8}} |
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| 102 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces Same legend as for figure\nobreakspace {}7\hbox {} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $8$\nobreakspace {}GeV (4\nobreakspace {}MW).}}{8}} |
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| 103 | \newlabel{fig:flux8m}{{11}{8}} |
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| 104 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Results}{8}} |
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| 105 | \newlabel{sec:results}{{7}{8}} |
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| 106 | \citation{DONINI} |
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| 107 | \citation{DONINI,JJG,Mezzetto} |
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| 108 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces Number of events for 5 years positive focusing scenario with default parameters of table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {}. : $\pi ^0$, $\nu _\mu $-elast., $\mu /e$-missId. The significance parameter is defined by equation\nobreakspace {}1\hbox {}.}}{9}} |
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| 109 | \newlabel{tab:nbvsE}{{7}{9}} |
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| 110 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces Minimum $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^22\theta _{13}\times 10^3$ observable at $90\%$ CL computed for diferent decay tunnel length ($L_T$) and kinetic beam energy ($E_k(proton)$). Other parameters are fixed to default values (table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {}).}}{9}} |
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| 111 | \newlabel{tab:thvsE}{{8}{9}} |
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| 112 | \newlabel{eq:significance}{{1}{9}} |
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| 113 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12}{\ignorespaces Sensitivity contours obtained with a SPL energy of $4.5$\nobreakspace {}GeV and default parameters of table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {}.}}{9}} |
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| 114 | \newlabel{fig:sensi45}{{12}{9}} |
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| 115 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {13}{\ignorespaces Comparison of 90\% sensitivity contours obtained with SPL energies of ($2.2$, $3.5$, $4.5$, $8$)\nobreakspace {}GeV and default parameters of table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {}.}}{9}} |
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| 116 | \newlabel{fig:compSensi}{{13}{9}} |
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| 117 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces Minimum $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^22\theta _{13}\times 10^3$ observable at $90\%$ CL computed for different level of systematics ($\epsilon _{syst}$) and kinetic beam energy ($E_k(proton)$). Other parameters are fixed to default values (table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {}).}}{9}} |
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| 118 | \newlabel{tab:thvseps}{{9}{9}} |
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| 119 | \citation{GEANT4} |
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| 120 | \citation{DONINI} |
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| 121 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {14}{\ignorespaces $90\%$ CL sensitivity contours obtained with a SPL energy of $4.5$\nobreakspace {}GeV and default parameters of table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {} but for different $\epsilon _{syst}$ values.}}{10}} |
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| 122 | \newlabel{fig:compEpsSyst}{{14}{10}} |
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| 123 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Minimum $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^22\theta _{13}\times 10^3$ observable at $90\%$ CL computed for different values of sign$(\Delta m^2_{23})$ and $\delta _{CP}$. Other parameters are fixed to default values (table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {}).}}{10}} |
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| 124 | \newlabel{tab:sign}{{10}{10}} |
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| 125 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Summary and outlook}{10}} |
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| 126 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {15}{\ignorespaces Sensitivity contours obtained with SPL beam energy of $2.2$\nobreakspace {}GeV (\mbox {- - - -}), $3.5$\nobreakspace {}GeV (\mbox {--- $\cdot $ ---}), $4.5$\nobreakspace {}GeV (\mbox {------}) and $8$\nobreakspace {}GeV (\mbox {${\mathinner {\cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp \cdotp }}$}) at $90\%$ CL. Default parameters of table\nobreakspace {}6\hbox {} are used either with a 5 years positive focusing scenario (a) or a mixed scenario of 2 years positive focusing and 8 years of negative focusing (b).}}{10}} |
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| 127 | \newlabel{fig:compDeltaTheta}{{15}{10}} |
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| 128 | \citation{donega} |
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| 129 | \citation{Gaisser} |
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| 130 | \citation{picasso} |
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| 131 | \citation{pdg} |
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| 132 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {16}{\ignorespaces Pion decay in the tunnel frame. To reach the detector, $\delta = -\alpha $ is needed.}}{11}} |
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| 133 | \newlabel{fig:pionDecay}{{16}{11}} |
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| 134 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B}Decay probability computations}{11}} |
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| 135 | \newlabel{sec:decayprobcomp}{{B}{11}} |
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| 136 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.1}Pion neutrino probability computation}{11}} |
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| 137 | \newlabel{sec:Ppi}{{B.1}{11}} |
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| 138 | \newlabel{probaPi}{{2}{11}} |
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| 139 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.2}Muon neutrino probability computation}{11}} |
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| 140 | \newlabel{sec:Pmu}{{B.2}{11}} |
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| 141 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces Flux function in the muon rest frame \cite {Gaisser}.}}{11}} |
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| 142 | \newlabel{tab:Function}{{11}{11}} |
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| 143 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {12}{\ignorespaces Charged and neutral kaon decay channels \cite {pdg}.}}{11}} |
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| 144 | \newlabel{tab:BRKP0SL}{{12}{11}} |
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| 145 | \newlabel{probaMu}{{3}{11}} |
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| 146 | \newlabel{pola}{{4}{11}} |
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| 147 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B.3}The treatment of the kaons}{11}} |
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| 148 | \newlabel{sec:kaons}{{B.3}{11}} |
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| 149 | \bibcite{SKNU04}{1} |
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| 150 | \bibcite{K2KNU04}{2} |
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| 151 | \bibcite{MINOS}{3} |
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| 152 | \bibcite{OPERA}{4} |
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| 153 | \bibcite{ICARUS}{5} |
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| 154 | \bibcite{CNGS}{6} |
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| 155 | \bibcite{LSND}{7} |
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| 156 | \bibcite{MINIBOONE}{8} |
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| 157 | \bibcite{PMNS}{9} |
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| 158 | \bibcite{CHOOZ}{10} |
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| 159 | \bibcite{Wpaper}{11} |
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| 160 | \bibcite{BETABEAM}{12} |
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| 161 | \bibcite{NOVA}{13} |
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| 162 | \bibcite{T2K}{14} |
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| 163 | \bibcite{BNLHS}{15} |
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| 164 | \bibcite{CERN}{16} |
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| 165 | \bibcite{DONINI}{17} |
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| 166 | \bibcite{DOUBLE-CHOOZ}{18} |
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| 167 | \bibcite{SPL}{19} |
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| 168 | \bibcite{UNO}{20} |
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| 169 | \bibcite{mosca}{21} |
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| 170 | \bibcite{Meer}{22} |
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| 171 | \bibcite{nuFact134}{23} |
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| 172 | \bibcite{MMWPSCazes}{24} |
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| 173 | \bibcite{JJG}{25} |
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| 174 | \bibcite{Mezzetto}{26} |
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| 175 | \bibcite{nuFact138}{27} |
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| 176 | \bibcite{fluka}{28} |
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| 177 | \bibcite{MMWPSGaroby}{29} |
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| 178 | \bibcite{harp}{30} |
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| 179 | \bibcite{minerva}{31} |
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| 180 | \newlabel{probaL}{{5}{12}} |
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| 181 | \bibcite{MARS}{32} |
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| 182 | \bibcite{FLUKAprivate}{33} |
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| 183 | \bibcite{geant}{34} |
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| 184 | \bibcite{SIMONE1}{35} |
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| 185 | \bibcite{donega}{36} |
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| 186 | \bibcite{DONINI-2}{37} |
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| 187 | \bibcite{NUANCE}{38} |
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| 188 | \bibcite{MEZZETTONUFACT060}{39} |
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| 189 | \bibcite{KAMLAND}{40} |
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| 190 | \bibcite{Gaisser}{41} |
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| 191 | \bibcite{picasso}{42} |
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| 192 | \bibcite{pdg}{43} |
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| 193 | \bibcite{GEANT4}{44} |
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