Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.aux
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.aux	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.aux	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
+\relax 
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.blg
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.blg	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.blg	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+This is BibTeX, Version 0.99cThe top-level auxiliary file: C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\Approx.aux
+I found no \citation commands---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\Approx.aux
+I found no \bibdata command---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\Approx.aux
+I found no \bibstyle command---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\Approx.aux
+(There were 3 error messages)
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.log
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.log	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.log	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+This is pdfeTeX, Version 3.141592-1.11b-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2005.7.29)  6 SEP 2005 11:06
+entering extended mode
+**C:/Presentation/Corne/NuFactSB/NuFact05/Approx.tex
+(C:/Presentation/Corne/NuFactSB/NuFact05/Approx.tex{pdftex.cfg}
+LaTeX2e <2003/12/01>
+Babel <v3.8a> and hyphenation patterns for english, french, german, ngerman, du
+mylang, nohyphenation, loaded.
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\article.cls
+Document Class: article 2004/02/16 v1.4f Standard LaTeX document class
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\size10.clo
+File: size10.clo 2004/02/16 v1.4f Standard LaTeX file (size option)
+)
+\c@part=\count79
+\c@section=\count80
+\c@subsection=\count81
+\c@subsubsection=\count82
+\c@paragraph=\count83
+\c@subparagraph=\count84
+\c@figure=\count85
+\c@table=\count86
+\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
+\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
+\bibindent=\dimen102
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\fontenc.sty
+Package: fontenc 2004/02/22 v1.99f Standard LaTeX package
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\t1enc.def
+File: t1enc.def 2004/02/22 v1.99f Standard LaTeX file
+LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding T1 on input line 43.
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\inputenc.sty
+Package: inputenc 2004/02/05 v1.0d Input encoding file
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\latin1.def
+File: latin1.def 2004/02/05 v1.0d Input encoding file
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\graphicx.sty
+Package: graphicx 1999/02/16 v1.0f Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\keyval.sty
+Package: keyval 1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)
+\KV@toks@=\toks14
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\graphics.sty
+Package: graphics 2001/07/07 v1.0n Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\trig.sty
+Package: trig 1999/03/16 v1.09 sin cos tan (DPC)
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\00miktex\graphics.cfg
+File: graphics.cfg 2003/03/12 v1.1 MiKTeX 'graphics' configuration
+)
+Package graphics Info: Driver file: pdftex.def on input line 80.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\pdftex.def
+File: pdftex.def 2000/06/16 v0.03a graphics/color for pdftex
+\Gread@gobject=\count87
+))
+\Gin@req@height=\dimen103
+\Gin@req@width=\dimen104
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\epsfig.sty
+Package: epsfig 1999/02/16 v1.7a (e)psfig emulation (SPQR)
+\epsfxsize=\dimen105
+\epsfysize=\dimen106
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\amssymb.sty
+Package: amssymb 2002/01/22 v2.2d
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\amsfonts.sty
+Package: amsfonts 2001/10/25 v2.2f
+\@emptytoks=\toks15
+\symAMSa=\mathgroup4
+\symAMSb=\mathgroup5
+LaTeX Font Info:    Overwriting math alphabet `\mathfrak' in version `bold'
+(Font)                  U/euf/m/n --> U/euf/b/n on input line 132.
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsmath.sty
+Package: amsmath 2000/07/18 v2.13 AMS math features
+\@mathmargin=\skip43
+
+For additional information on amsmath, use the `?' option.
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amstext.sty
+Package: amstext 2000/06/29 v2.01
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsgen.sty
+File: amsgen.sty 1999/11/30 v2.0
+\@emptytoks=\toks16
+\ex@=\dimen107
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsbsy.sty
+Package: amsbsy 1999/11/29 v1.2d
+\pmbraise@=\dimen108
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsopn.sty
+Package: amsopn 1999/12/14 v2.01 operator names
+)
+\inf@bad=\count88
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \frac on input line 211.
+\uproot@=\count89
+\leftroot@=\count90
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \overline on input line 307.
+\classnum@=\count91
+\DOTSCASE@=\count92
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \ldots on input line 379.
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \dots on input line 382.
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \cdots on input line 467.
+\Mathstrutbox@=\box26
+\strutbox@=\box27
+\big@size=\dimen109
+LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding OML on input line 567.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding OMS on input line 568.
+\macc@depth=\count93
+\c@MaxMatrixCols=\count94
+\dotsspace@=\muskip10
+\c@parentequation=\count95
+\dspbrk@lvl=\count96
+\tag@help=\toks17
+\row@=\count97
+\column@=\count98
+\maxfields@=\count99
+\andhelp@=\toks18
+\eqnshift@=\dimen110
+\alignsep@=\dimen111
+\tagshift@=\dimen112
+\tagwidth@=\dimen113
+\totwidth@=\dimen114
+\lineht@=\dimen115
+\@envbody=\toks19
+\multlinegap=\skip44
+\multlinetaggap=\skip45
+\mathdisplay@stack=\toks20
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \[ on input line 2666.
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \] on input line 2667.
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\latexsym.sty
+Package: latexsym 1998/08/17 v2.2e Standard LaTeX package (lasy symbols)
+\symlasy=\mathgroup6
+LaTeX Font Info:    Overwriting symbol font `lasy' in version `bold'
+(Font)                  U/lasy/m/n --> U/lasy/b/n on input line 47.
+) (Approx.aux)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 13.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 13.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\context\base\supp-pdf.tex
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\context\base\supp-mis.tex
+loading : Context Support Macros / Miscellaneous 
+\protectiondepth=\count100
+\scratchcounter=\count101
+\scratchtoks=\toks21
+\scratchdimen=\dimen116
+\scratchskip=\skip46
+\scratchmuskip=\muskip11
+\scratchbox=\box28
+\scratchread=\read1
+\scratchwrite=\write3
+\zeropoint=\dimen117
+\onepoint=\dimen118
+\minusone=\count102
+\thousandpoint=\dimen119
+\emptytoks=\toks22
+\nextbox=\box29
+\nextdepth=\dimen120
+\everyline=\toks23
+\!!counta=\count103
+\!!countb=\count104
+\recursecounter=\count105
+)
+loading : Context Support Macros / PDF
+\nofMPsegments=\count106
+\nofMParguments=\count107
+\everyMPtoPDFconversion=\toks24
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+msa on input line 14.
+ (C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\umsa.fd
+File: umsa.fd 2002/01/19 v2.2g AMS font definitions
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+msb on input line 14.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\umsb.fd
+File: umsb.fd 2002/01/19 v2.2g AMS font definitions
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+lasy on input line 14.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\ulasy.fd
+File: ulasy.fd 1998/08/17 v2.2e LaTeX symbol font definitions
+) [1
+
+{psfonts.map
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlcbot8rn': too big va
+lue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlcbt8rn': too big val
+ue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlcrot8rn': too big va
+lue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlcrt8rn': too big val
+ue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlsbot8rn': too big va
+lue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlsbt8rn': too big val
+ue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlsrot8rn': too big va
+lue of ExtendFont (850)
+
+Warning: pdflatex (file psfonts.map): invalid entry for `hlsrt8rn': too big val
+ue of ExtendFont (850)
+}] (Approx.aux) ) 
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 2103 strings out of 95482
+ 22240 string characters out of 1188875
+ 71425 words of memory out of 1071105
+ 5130 multiletter control sequences out of 35000
+ 6420 words of font info for 26 fonts, out of 500000 for 1000
+ 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 607
+ 27i,8n,24p,306b,117s stack positions out of 1500i,500n,5000p,200000b,32768s
+ 29 PDF objects out of 65536
+ 0 named destinations out of 20000
+ 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 65536
+<cmex10.pfb><cmr7.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmsy7.pfb><cmmi5.pfb><cmr10
+.pfb><cmmi7.pfb><cmmi10.pfb> <C:\localtexmf\fonts\pk\ljfour\jknappen\ec\dpi600\
+ecrm1000.pk>
+Output written on Approx.pdf (1 page, 64591 bytes).
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.tex
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.tex	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/Approx.tex	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\begin{document}
+When $\delta_{CP}= 0^o$ and Matter Effects are neglected then,
+\begin{eqnarray}
+	P_{\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e} 
+	& \simeq & 4 c_{13}^2 s_{13}^2 s_{23}^2 \sin^2 \Delta_{31} \\
+	& +      & (8  c_{12} s_{12} c_{13}^2 s_{13} s_{23} c_{23} - 8 s_{12}^2 c_{13}^2 s_{13}^2 s_{23}^2)
+		\cos \Delta_{23} \sin\Delta_{31} \sin\Delta_{21}  
+\end{eqnarray}
+As $\Delta_{23} = \Delta_{21} + \Delta_{13}$ then
+$$
+	\cos \Delta_{23} = \cos \Delta_{21} \cos \Delta_{13} - \sin \Delta_{21} \sin \Delta_{13}
+$$
+and in numerical application $\Delta_{21} = 1.27 \delta m^2_{21} L/E \approx O(10^{-2})$. So,
+\begin{eqnarray}
+	P_{\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e} 
+	& \simeq & 4 c_{13}^2 s_{13}^2 s_{23}^2 \sin^2 \Delta_{31} \\
+	& +      & (8  c_{12} s_{12} c_{13}^2 s_{13} s_{23} c_{23} - 8 s_{12}^2 c_{13}^2 s_{13}^2 s_{23}^2)
+		\Delta_{21}  \cos \Delta_{13} \sin\Delta_{31}  
+\end{eqnarray}
+If one uses $s_{12}^2 = 0.314$ and $s_{23}^2 = 0.44$ then one realizes that in the parenthesis the second term is of the order $s_{13}$ compared to the first term, so it may be neglected hereafter as we will focus on $s_{13} < 10^{-2}$. Then, it yields
+\begin{eqnarray}
+	P_{\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e} 
+	& \simeq & \alpha \cos\beta \sin^2 \Delta_{31} + \alpha \sin\beta \cos \Delta_{13} \sin\Delta_{31}  
+\end{eqnarray}
+with
+\begin{eqnarray}
+	\alpha \cos\beta & \equiv &  4 c_{13}^2 s_{13}^2 s_{23}^2 \\
+	\alpha \sin\beta & \equiv & 8  c_{12} s_{12} c_{13}^2 s_{13} s_{23} c_{23}
+\end{eqnarray}
+It is remarkable that now the oscillation probability may be written as
+\begin{eqnarray}
+	P_{\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e} 
+	& \simeq & \frac{\alpha}{2}\left[
+	 \cos\beta - \cos\left( 2\Delta_{13} + \beta\right) \right]  
+\end{eqnarray}
+The maximum of the probability is obtained at
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\Delta_{31} & = & \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\beta}{2} \\
+\mathrm{with}\ \tan \beta & = & 2 \Delta_{21}\frac{c_{12} s_{12}c_{23} }{ s_{13}s_{23}}
+\end{eqnarray}
+The "usual" 2-famillies case is obtain with $\beta = 0$. In case of $E\sim 0.3$~GeV, $L\sim130$~km and $\sin^22\theta_{13} = 10^{-3}$ then
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\left(\delta m_{31}^2\right)_{max} & = & 2.9\, 10^{-3} \ \mathrm{if} \ \beta = 0 \\ 
+															 & = & 1.8\, 10^{-3}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+
+
+ 
+
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\end{document}
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.aux
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.aux	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.aux	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+\relax 
+\citation{JECACLAL}
+\citation{SPL}
+\citation{HARP,MINERVA}
+\citation{SIMONE1,DONEGA}
+\citation{MEZZETTONF02,DONINI04}
+\citation{LIPARIxsec}
+\citation{GLOBES}
+\citation{MEZZETTONF02}
+\citation{T2K}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Fluxes}{1}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces The $\nu _\mu $ and the $\mathaccentV {bar}016{\nu }_\mu $ fluxes obtained by optimizing the SPL for a Super Beam case ("SB Opt.") are compared to those obtained with a focusing system designed for a Neutrino Factory ("NF Opt.").}}{1}}
+\newlabel{fig:fluxComparison}{{1}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Physics potential}{1}}
+\citation{T2K}
+\citation{T2K}
+\citation{VILLARS}
+\bibcite{JECACLAL}{1}
+\bibcite{SPL}{2}
+\bibcite{HARP}{3}
+\bibcite{MINERVA}{4}
+\bibcite{SIMONE1}{5}
+\bibcite{DONEGA}{6}
+\bibcite{MEZZETTONF02}{7}
+\bibcite{DONINI04}{8}
+\bibcite{LIPARIxsec}{9}
+\bibcite{GLOBES}{10}
+\bibcite{T2K}{11}
+\bibcite{VILLARS}{12}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Comparison of the sensitivity contours with the new optimized setup and the original SPL design after 5 years of running with positive focusing.}}{2}}
+\newlabel{fig:SPLDmTheta13Comparison}{{2}{2}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Comparison of the sensitivity on combined $\theta _{13}$ and $\delta _{CP}$ after 5 years of positive focusing. The T2K sensitivity contour has been derived from reference \cite  {T2K}. No mass hierarchy nor octant hierarchy ambiguity has been considered.}}{2}}
+\newlabel{fig:SPLCPSensi}{{3}{2}}
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.blg
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.blg	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.blg	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+This is BibTeX, Version 0.99cThe top-level auxiliary file: C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\NuFact05.aux
+I found no \bibdata command---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\NuFact05.aux
+I found no \bibstyle command---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\NuFact05.aux
+(There were 2 error messages)
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.log
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.log	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.log	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.7.19)  18 OCT 2005 10:08
+entering extended mode
+**NuFact05.tex
+(NuFact05.tex
+LaTeX2e <2003/12/01>
+Babel <v3.8a> and hyphenation patterns for english, french, german, ngerman, du
+mylang, nohyphenation, loaded.
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\article.cls
+Document Class: article 2004/02/16 v1.4f Standard LaTeX document class
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\fleqn.clo
+File: fleqn.clo 1998/08/17 v1.1c Standard LaTeX option (flush left equations)
+\mathindent=\dimen102
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\size10.clo
+File: size10.clo 2004/02/16 v1.4f Standard LaTeX file (size option)
+)
+\c@part=\count79
+\c@section=\count80
+\c@subsection=\count81
+\c@subsubsection=\count82
+\c@paragraph=\count83
+\c@subparagraph=\count84
+\c@figure=\count85
+\c@table=\count86
+\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
+\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
+\bibindent=\dimen103
+) (espcrc2.sty
+Document-style option `espcrc2' v2.8  <2000/07/24>
+\@bls=\dimen104
+\@eps=\dimen105
+\fm@box=\box26
+\c@address=\count87
+\abstract@box=\box27
+\@tempcntc=\count88
+) (C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\fontenc.sty
+Package: fontenc 2004/02/22 v1.99f Standard LaTeX package
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\t1enc.def
+File: t1enc.def 2004/02/22 v1.99f Standard LaTeX file
+LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding T1 on input line 43.
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\inputenc.sty
+Package: inputenc 2004/02/05 v1.0d Input encoding file
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\latin1.def
+File: latin1.def 2004/02/05 v1.0d Input encoding file
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\graphicx.sty
+Package: graphicx 1999/02/16 v1.0f Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\keyval.sty
+Package: keyval 1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)
+\KV@toks@=\toks14
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\graphics.sty
+Package: graphics 2001/07/07 v1.0n Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\trig.sty
+Package: trig 1999/03/16 v1.09 sin cos tan (DPC)
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\00miktex\graphics.cfg
+File: graphics.cfg 2003/03/12 v1.1 MiKTeX 'graphics' configuration
+)
+Package graphics Info: Driver file: dvips.def on input line 80.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\dvips.def
+File: dvips.def 1999/02/16 v3.0i Driver-dependant file (DPC,SPQR)
+))
+\Gin@req@height=\dimen106
+\Gin@req@width=\dimen107
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\epsfig.sty
+Package: epsfig 1999/02/16 v1.7a (e)psfig emulation (SPQR)
+\epsfxsize=\dimen108
+\epsfysize=\dimen109
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\amssymb.sty
+Package: amssymb 2002/01/22 v2.2d
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\amsfonts.sty
+Package: amsfonts 2001/10/25 v2.2f
+\@emptytoks=\toks15
+\symAMSa=\mathgroup4
+\symAMSb=\mathgroup5
+LaTeX Font Info:    Overwriting math alphabet `\mathfrak' in version `bold'
+(Font)                  U/euf/m/n --> U/euf/b/n on input line 132.
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsmath.sty
+Package: amsmath 2000/07/18 v2.13 AMS math features
+\@mathmargin=\skip43
+
+For additional information on amsmath, use the `?' option.
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amstext.sty
+Package: amstext 2000/06/29 v2.01
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsgen.sty
+File: amsgen.sty 1999/11/30 v2.0
+\@emptytoks=\toks16
+\ex@=\dimen110
+))
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsbsy.sty
+Package: amsbsy 1999/11/29 v1.2d
+\pmbraise@=\dimen111
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsmath\amsopn.sty
+Package: amsopn 1999/12/14 v2.01 operator names
+)
+\inf@bad=\count89
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \frac on input line 211.
+\uproot@=\count90
+\leftroot@=\count91
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \overline on input line 307.
+\classnum@=\count92
+\DOTSCASE@=\count93
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \ldots on input line 379.
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \dots on input line 382.
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \cdots on input line 467.
+\Mathstrutbox@=\box28
+\strutbox@=\box29
+\big@size=\dimen112
+LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding OML on input line 567.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding OMS on input line 568.
+\macc@depth=\count94
+\c@MaxMatrixCols=\count95
+\dotsspace@=\muskip10
+\c@parentequation=\count96
+\dspbrk@lvl=\count97
+\tag@help=\toks17
+\row@=\count98
+\column@=\count99
+\maxfields@=\count100
+\andhelp@=\toks18
+\eqnshift@=\dimen113
+\alignsep@=\dimen114
+\tagshift@=\dimen115
+\tagwidth@=\dimen116
+\totwidth@=\dimen117
+\lineht@=\dimen118
+\@envbody=\toks19
+\multlinegap=\skip44
+\multlinetaggap=\skip45
+\mathdisplay@stack=\toks20
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \[ on input line 2666.
+LaTeX Info: Redefining \] on input line 2667.
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\latexsym.sty
+Package: latexsym 1998/08/17 v2.2e Standard LaTeX package (lasy symbols)
+\symlasy=\mathgroup6
+LaTeX Font Info:    Overwriting symbol font `lasy' in version `bold'
+(Font)                  U/lasy/m/n --> U/lasy/b/n on input line 47.
+) (NuFact05.aux)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 111.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+msa on input line 115.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\umsa.fd
+File: umsa.fd 2002/01/19 v2.2g AMS font definitions
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+msb on input line 115.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\amsfonts\umsb.fd
+File: umsb.fd 2002/01/19 v2.2g AMS font definitions
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+lasy on input line 115.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\ulasy.fd
+File: ulasy.fd 1998/08/17 v2.2e LaTeX symbol font definitions
+)
+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 127--128
+\T1/cmr/m/n/10 per p.o.t are $\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 0\OML/cmm/m/it/10 :\OT1/cmr/m/n/1
+0 41\OML/cmm/m/it/10 =\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 0\OML/cmm/m/it/10 :\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 37\OML
+/cmm/m/it/10 =\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 3510[]\OML/cmm/m/it/10 =\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 3010[]$
+ []
+
+File: OptiVsOldFlux.eps Graphic file (type eps)
+<OptiVsOldFlux.eps>
+Underfull \vbox (badness 1460) has occurred while \output is active []
+
+ [1
+
+
+]
+File: compareOldNewthetaDm.eps Graphic file (type eps)
+
+<compareOldNewthetaDm.eps>
+File: deltaThetaSens5yOldNew.eps Graphic file (type eps)
+ <deltaThetaSens5yOldNew.eps>
+Underfull \hbox (badness 4217) in paragraph at lines 159--175
+[][]\T1/cmr/m/n/10 The $\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 90%$ \T1/cmr/m/n/10 CL sen-si-tiv-ity c
+on-tour in the
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 3179) in paragraph at lines 191--192
+[][]\T1/cmr/m/n/10 D. Drak-oulakos et al., Fer-mi-lab P-938,
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 3000) in paragraph at lines 203--204
+[][]\T1/cmr/m/n/10 A. Donini et al., IFT-UAM/CSIC-04-30
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 1515) in paragraph at lines 206--209
+[][]\T1/cmr/m/n/10 P. Li-pari, M. Lusig-noli and F. Sar-togo,
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 4467) in paragraph at lines 211--213
+[][]\T1/cmr/m/n/10 P. Hu-bert, M. Lind-ner and W. Win-
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 211--213
+\T1/cmr/m/n/10 ter, arXiv:hep-ph/0407333, Com-
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 1052) in paragraph at lines 215--216
+[][]\T1/cmr/m/n/10 T. Kobayashi, \T1/cmr/m/it/10 Nucl. Phys. \T1/cmr/m/n/10 B 1
+43 (Proc.
+ []
+
+[2] (NuFact05.aux) ) 
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 1961 strings out of 95897
+ 19544 string characters out of 1194805
+ 69152 words of memory out of 1068833
+ 4887 multiletter control sequences out of 35000
+ 13557 words of font info for 45 fonts, out of 500000 for 1000
+ 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 607
+ 27i,5n,24p,693b,253s stack positions out of 1500i,500n,5000p,200000b,32768s
+
+Output written on NuFact05.dvi (2 pages, 9248 bytes).
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tcp
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tcp	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tcp	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[FormatInfo]
+Type=TeXnicCenterProjectInformation
+Version=4
+
+[ProjectInfo]
+MainFile=NuFact05.tex
+UseBibTeX=0
+UseMakeIndex=0
+ActiveProfile=LaTeX => PS
+ProjectLanguage=en
+ProjectDialect=US
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tex
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tex	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tex	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+%\documentclass[epj,nopacs,referee]{svjour}
+%remove referee for final version
+\documentclass[fleqn,twoside]{article}
+\usepackage{espcrc2}
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+%
+\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}}
+\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}}
+\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{- - - -}}
+\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}}
+\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}}
+\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}}
+%
+% abbreviations for IOPP journals
+%
+\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} }
+\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} }
+\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng\/} }
+\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} } 
+\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} }              % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} }
+\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} }                    % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} }
+\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} }      %1968-87
+\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} }   %1968--1988
+\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} }    %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} }         %1975--1988
+\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} }   %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng.} }
+\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} }                 %1990 and onwards
+\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} }
+\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} }
+\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} }
+\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} }
+\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} }                        % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} }
+\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} }      % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} }
+\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} }               % added 4/5/93 
+\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} }
+\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} }
+%
+% Other commonly quoted journals
+%
+\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} }
+\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} }
+\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} }
+\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} }
+\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} }
+\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Japan. J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} }
+\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} }
+\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} }
+\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} }
+\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Japan\/} }
+\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} }
+\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} }
+\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} }
+\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} }
+\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} }
+\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} }
+\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} }
+\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} }
+
+\newcommand{\etal}{{et al.\/}}
+%
+%
+
+\title{The SPL-Fréjus physics potential}
+
+\author{Jean-Eric Campagne\address{Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire -
+Univ. Paris-Sud - CNRS - BP 34 -
+91898 Orsay Cedex, France}}
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\begin{document}
+%
+%
+\begin{abstract}
+An optimization of the CERN-SPL beam line has been performed which leads to better sensitivities to the $\theta_{13}$ mixing angle and to the $\delta_{CP}$ violating phase than those advocated considering baseline scenario. 
+%\pacs{14.60.Pq, 14.60.Lm}
+\end{abstract}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Introduction}
+%
+An optimization of the energy as well as the secondary particle focusing and decay tunnel has been undertaken in the context of a Super Beam of 4~MW \cite{JECACLAL} using the CERN-SPL \cite{SPL} and searching for $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ ($\bar{\nu}_\mu \rightarrow \bar{\nu}_e$) appearance channels in a 440~kT fiducial volume water Cerenkov detector located in an possible new underground laboratory at the Fréjus tunnel, 130~km from the CERN complex.
+%
+\section{Fluxes}
+%
+The secondary particles from the interaction of proton beam impinging a 30~cm long 1.5~cm diameter mercury target, have been obtained with the FLUKA generator. At kinetic energy of 3.5 (2.2)~GeV, the number of p.o.t per year is 0.69 (1.10) $10^{23}$ while the numbers of $\pi^+/\pi^-/K^+/K^o$ per p.o.t are $0.41/0.37/35 10^{-4}/30 10^{-4}$ ($0.24/0.18/7 10^{-4}/6 10^{-4}$). At higher beam energy, the kaon rates grow rapidly compared to the pion rates,  and needless to emphasize the need of an experimental confirmation \cite{HARP,MINERVA} of such numbers.
+
+The focusing system optimized in the context of a Neutrino Factory \cite{SIMONE1,DONEGA} has been redesigned considering the specific requirements of a Super Beam. The most important points are the phase spaces that are covered by the two types of horns are different, and that the pions to be focused should have an energy of the order of $p_\pi (\mathrm{MeV})/3 \approx E_\nu \gtrsim  2L(\mathrm{km})$ to obtain a maximum oscillation probability. In practice, this means that one should collect $800$~MeV/c pions.
+%
+%\begin{table}
+%\centering
+%\caption{\label{tab:nbPart}Average numbers of the most relevant secondary particles exiting the $30$~cm long, $1.5$~cm diameter mercury target per incident proton (FLUKA).}
+%\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+%\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+%$E_k$ (GeV) &     p.o.t/y        & $\pi^+$ & $\pi^-$ & $K^+$ & $K^0$ \\
+%            & $\times 10^{23}$ &         &         & \multicolumn{2}{c}{$\times 10^{-4}$} \\
+%\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+%$2.2$ & $1.10$  &  $0.24$   &  $0.18$ &   $7$ &   $6$ \\
+%$3.5$ & $0.69$  &  $0.41$   &  $0.37$ &  $35$ &  $30$ \\
+%$4.5$ & $0.54$  &  $0.57$   &  $0.39$ &  $93$ &  $68$ \\
+%$8.0$ & $0.30$  &  $1.00$   &  $0.85$ & $413$ & $340$ \\
+% \noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+%\end{tabular}
+%\end{table}
+%
+The resulting fluxes for the positive ($\nu_\mu$ beam) and the negative focusing ($\bar{\nu}_\mu$ beam) are show on figure \ref{fig:fluxComparison}. The total number of $\nu_\mu$ ($\bar{\nu}_\mu$) in positive (negative) focusing is about $1.18 (0.97) 10^{12}/\mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{yr}$ with an average energy of $300$~MeV. The $\nu_e$ ($\bar{\nu}_\mu$) contamination in the $\nu_\mu$ beam is around $0.7\%$ ($6.0\%$). Compared to  the fluxes used in references \cite{MEZZETTONF02,DONINI04} the gain is at least a factor $2.5$. Using neutrino cross-sections on water \cite{LIPARIxsec}, the number of expected $\nu_\mu$ charged current is about $95$ per kT.yr.
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=60mm]{OptiVsOldFlux.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:fluxComparison}The $\nu_\mu$ and the $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ fluxes obtained by optimizing the SPL for a Super Beam case ("SB Opt.") are compared to those obtained with a focusing system designed for a Neutrino Factory ("NF Opt.").}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\section{Physics potential}
+%
+The physics potential of the new optimized SPL may be determined using GLoBES software \cite{GLOBES}. Both the appearance and the disappearance channels have been used, and also five bins of 200~MeV each have been introduced. The $\pi^o$ background have been rejected using a tighter PID cut compared to standard SuperK analysis \cite{MEZZETTONF02}. The Michel electron has been required for the $\mu$ identification. As ultimate goal suggested by \cite{T2K} a 2\% systematical error is used both for signal and background.
+
+The $90\%$ CL sensitivity contour in the ($\Delta m^2_{31}$,$\sin^22\theta_{13}$) plane after 5 years running with a positive focusing is shown on figure \ref{fig:SPLDmTheta13Comparison}. With the new optimized setup, one expects to reach a limit on $\theta_{13}$ of $0.7^o$.
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=60mm]{compareOldNewthetaDm.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:SPLDmTheta13Comparison}Comparison of the sensitivity contours with the new optimized setup and the original SPL design after 5 years of running with positive focusing.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+One may also appreciate on figure \ref{fig:SPLCPSensi} the improvement on the combined sensitivity of $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ with the new optimization compared for instance to the T2K project \cite{T2K}. 
+%  
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=60mm]{deltaThetaSens5yOldNew.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:SPLCPSensi}Comparison of the sensitivity on combined $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ after 5 years of positive focusing. The T2K sensitivity contour has been derived from  reference \cite{T2K}. No mass hierarchy nor octant hierarchy ambiguity has been considered.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+
+So, the optimized SPL beam line operating a Super Beam towards a megaton scale detector at the Fréjus tunnel has a great potential contrary to the strong statement advocated at the last SPSC/PSC Villars meeting \cite{VILLARS}. 
+%
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}
+%
+\bibitem{JECACLAL}
+J.E Campagne and A. Cazes, LAL-04-102, arXiv:hep-ex/405002 submitted to \EJP
+
+\bibitem{SPL}
+SPL Conceptual Design, CERN 2000-012
+
+\bibitem{HARP}
+C. Catanesi \etal, CERN-SPSC 2002/019
+
+\bibitem{MINERVA} 
+D. Drakoulakos \etal, Fermilab P-938, arXiv:hep-ex/405002
+
+\bibitem{SIMONE1}
+S.~Gilardoni \etal, AIP Conf.\ Proc.\  {\bf 721} (2004) 334.
+
+\bibitem{DONEGA}
+A. Blondel \etal, CERN-NUFACT-Note-78 (2001)
+ 
+\bibitem{MEZZETTONF02}
+M. Mezzetto,  \jpg {\bf 29}, 1781-1784 (2003), arXiv:hep-ex/0302005
+
+\bibitem{DONINI04}
+A. Donini \etal, IFT-UAM/CSIC-04-30  (2004), arXiv:hep-ph/0406132
+ 
+\bibitem{LIPARIxsec}
+P.~Lipari, M.~Lusignoli and F.~Sartogo,
+  %``The Neutrino cross-section and upward going muons,''
+  \PRL {\bf 74} (1995) 4384, arXiv:hep-ph/9411341
+
+\bibitem{GLOBES}
+P. Hubert, M. Lindner and W. Winter, arXiv:hep-ph/0407333,
+Comput.Phys.Commun. 167 (2005) 195. 
+
+\bibitem{T2K}
+T. Kobayashi, \NP B  143  (Proc. Supp.) (2005) 303
+
+\bibitem{VILLARS}
+CERN SPSC and PS Committee, CERN-SPSC-2005-010, SPSC-M-730
+%
+\end{thebibliography}
+%
+\end{document}
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tps
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tps	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/NuFact05.tps	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+[FormatInfo]
+Type=TeXnicCenterProjectSessionInformation
+Version=1
+
+[SessionInfo]
+ActiveTab=0
+FrameCount=2
+
+[Frame0]
+Columns=1
+Rows=1
+Flags=0
+ShowCmd=1
+MinPos.x=-1
+MinPos.y=-1
+MaxPos.x=-4
+MaxPos.y=-30
+NormalPos.left=22
+NormalPos.top=29
+NormalPos.right=849
+NormalPos.bottom=206
+Class=CLatexEdit
+Document=C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\Approx.tex
+
+[Frame0_Row0]
+cyCur=122
+cyMin=10
+
+[Frame0_Col0]
+cxCur=798
+cxMin=10
+
+[Frame0_View0,0]
+Cursor.row=0
+Cursor.column=0
+TopSubLine=0
+
+[Frame1]
+Columns=1
+Rows=1
+Flags=2
+ShowCmd=3
+MinPos.x=-1
+MinPos.y=-1
+MaxPos.x=-4
+MaxPos.y=-30
+NormalPos.left=0
+NormalPos.top=0
+NormalPos.right=581
+NormalPos.bottom=134
+Class=CLatexEdit
+Document=C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\NuFact05.tex
+
+[Frame1_Row0]
+cyCur=453
+cyMin=10
+
+[Frame1_Col0]
+cxCur=889
+cxMin=10
+
+[Frame1_View0,0]
+Cursor.row=115
+Cursor.column=25
+TopSubLine=168
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tcp
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tcp	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tcp	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[FormatInfo]
+Type=TeXnicCenterProjectInformation
+Version=4
+
+[ProjectInfo]
+MainFile=SPLFrejus.tex
+UseBibTeX=0
+UseMakeIndex=0
+ActiveProfile=LaTeX => PS
+ProjectLanguage=en
+ProjectDialect=US
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tex
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tex	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tex	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@
+%\documentclass[epj,nopacs,referee]{svjour}
+%remove referee for final version
+\documentclass[epj,nopacs]{svjour}
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+%
+\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}}
+\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}}
+\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{- - - -}}
+\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}}
+\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}}
+\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}}
+%
+% abbreviations for IOPP journals
+%
+\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} }
+\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} }
+\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng\/} }
+\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} } 
+\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} }              % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} }
+\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} }                    % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} }
+\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} }      %1968-87
+\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} }   %1968--1988
+\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} }    %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} }         %1975--1988
+\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} }   %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng.} }
+\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} }                 %1990 and onwards
+\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} }
+\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} }
+\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} }
+\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} }
+\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} }                        % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} }
+\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} }      % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} }
+\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} }               % added 4/5/93 
+\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} }
+\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} }
+%
+% Other commonly quoted journals
+%
+\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} }
+\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} }
+\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} }
+\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} }
+\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} }
+\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Japan. J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} }
+\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} }
+\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} }
+\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} }
+\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Japan\/} }
+\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} }
+\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} }
+\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} }
+\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} }
+\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} }
+\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} }
+\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} }
+\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} }
+
+\newcommand{\etal}{{et al.\/}}
+%
+%
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\begin{document}
+%
+\title{The $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ sensitivities of the SPL-Fréjus project revisited}
+\author{Jean Eric Campagne, Antoine Cazes}
+\institute{ Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire -
+Université Paris-Sud - B\^at. 200 - BP 34 -
+91898 Orsay Cedex, France}
+\mail{campagne@lal.in2p3.fr}
+\date{\today}
+%
+%
+%
+%\selectlanguage{francais}
+%
+\abstract{
+An optimization of the CERN SPL beam line has been performed guided by the sensitivities to the $\theta_{13}$ mixing angle and to the $\delta_{CP}$ Dirac CP violating phase. A UNO-like 440 ktons water \v{C}erenkov detector located at 130~km from the target in a new foreseen Fréjus laboratory has been used as a generic detector. Concerning the $\delta_{CP}$ independent $\theta_{13}$ sensitivity, a gain of about $20\%$ may be reached using a $3.5$~GeV proton beam with a 40~m long, 2~m radius decay tunnel compared to the up to now considered $2.2$~GeV beam energy and 20~m long, 1~m radius decay tunnel. This may motivate new machine developments to upgrade the nominal SPL proton beam energy.}
+%\pacs{14.60.Pq, 14.60.Lm}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+\section{Introduction}
+The very near future of the neutrino long baseline experiments is devoted to the study of the oscillation mechanism in the range of $\Delta m^2 = \Delta m^2_{atm} \approx 2.4\times10^{-3}\mathrm{eV}^2$ \cite{SKNU04,K2KNU04}
+ using conventional $\nu_\mu$ beams. The current K2K experiment in Japan \cite{K2KNU04}, and the forthcoming MINOS in the USA \cite{MINOS} take benefit of low energy beam to measure the $\Delta m^2$ parameter using the disappearance mode $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_\mu$, while OPERA/ICARUS experiments \cite{OPERA,ICARUS} using the high energy CNGS beam \cite{CNGS} will be able to detect $\nu_\tau$ appearance. If we do not consider the LSND anomaly \cite{LSND} that will be further studied soon by MiniBooNE experiment \cite{MINIBOONE}, the three flavor family scenario will be confirmed and accommodated by a $3\times 3$ Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix \cite{PMNS} with three angles ($\theta_{12}$,$\theta_{13}$,$\theta_{23}$) and one Dirac CP phase $\delta_{CP}$.  
+
+Beyond this medium term plan, two of the next future tasks of neutrino physics are to improve the sensitivity of the last unknown mixing angle parameter, the so-called $\theta_{13}$, and to explore the CP violation mechanism in the leptonic sector. The present upper bound on $\theta_{13}$ is $\sin^22\theta_{13}<0.14$ for $\Delta m^2 = \Delta m^2_{atm}$ ($90\%$~CL) \cite{CHOOZ}. This sensitivity can be improved using reactor and accelerator experiments. In reactor experiments, one uses $\bar{\nu}_e$ in disappearance mode and may reach $\sin^22\theta_{13}<0.024$ for $\Delta m^2 = \Delta m^2_{atm}$ ($90\%$CL) \cite{Wpaper}. In accelerator experiments, one can use $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ from $\beta$ beams \cite{BETABEAM} in both  disappearance and appearance modes (\textit{i.e.} $\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu}_e\rightarrow \stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle(-)}{\nu}_\mu$), and also $\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle(-)}{\nu}_\mu$ in appearance mode (\textit{i.e.} $\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle(-)}{\nu}_\mu\rightarrow\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle(-)}{\nu}_e$) with conventional beams either with sub-mega watt proton drivers \cite{NOVA,T2K} or with multi-mega watt proton drivers \cite{T2K,BNLHS,CERN}. The later neutrino beam type, called Superbeam, is foreseen to be extended to produce $\nu_\mu$ beam and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ beam from muon decays, the so-called Neutrino Factory, in order to study the eventual leptonic CP violation. Such Neutrino Complex is under study in Japan, in USA and also in Europe at CERN and details may be found in reference \cite{CERN}. A comparison of the performances of $\beta$ beam and Superbeam may be found for instance in reference \cite{DONINI}.  The reactor experiment result on $\theta_{13}$ is straight forward as compared to Superbeam and Neutrino Factory results that are on one hand reacher but in an other hand more complex to analyse due to the interplay between the different physics factors $\theta_{13}$, $\delta_{CP}$, sign$(\Delta m^2_{23})$, sign$(\tan(2\theta_{23}))$ \cite{DONINI,DOUBLE-CHOOZ}. 
+
+This paper presents results of a new simulation of the SPL (Super Proton Linac) Superbeam that could take place at CERN \cite{SPL}, using for definitiveness a UNO-like 440kT fiducial water \v{C}erenkov detector \cite{UNO} located in a new enlarged underground laboratory under study in the Fréjus tunnel, $130$~km away from CERN \cite{mosca}. The SPL neutrino beam is created by  decays of pions, muons and kaons produced by the interactions of a $4$~MW proton beam impinging a liquid mercury jet \cite{CERN}. Pions, muons and kaons are collected using two concentric electromagnetic lenses (horns), the inner one and the outer one are hereafter called "Horn" and "Reflector" respectively \cite{Meer}. The horns are followed by a decay tunnel where most of the neutrinos are produced. A sketch of the beam line is shown on figure~\ref{fig:Sbeam}.  
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/cernSuperBeam_English}
+\caption{\label{fig:Sbeam}Sketch of the SPL neutrino Superbeam from CERN to the Fréjus tunnel.}	
+\end{figure}
+
+The analysis chain consists of different stages: the simulation of the interactions between the proton beam and the mercury target, the propagation of the resulting secondary particles through the magnetic field and the materials of the horns, the tracking of $\pi^\pm$, $K^{\pm,0}$ and $\mu^\pm$ until they decay, the computation of the neutrino flux at the detector site, and finally the statistical analysis. A part of the simulation chain has already been described in reference \cite{nuFact134,MMWPSCazes}. 
+
+
+Compared to recent papers on the same subject \cite{DONINI,JJG,Mezzetto}, we have reoptimized the Horn and Reflector shapes \cite{nuFact138}, and introduced the kaon background simulation which allows us to update the SPL beam energy. The organization of this document follows the simulation chain: the interaction between the proton beam and the mercury target is presented in the second section. The kaon production is detailed in the third section. The simulation of the horns is described in the forth section, while the algorithms used to compute the neutrino fluxes are explained in the fifth section. Then, the sensitivities to $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ are revisited with new studies about the optimization of the proton beam energy, the pion collection and the decay tunnel geometry.
+
+\section{Target simulation}
+\label{sec:target}
+Since hadronic processes are crucial to describe the interactions of the proton beam on the target, the FLUKA simulator \cite{fluka} has been chosen for this first step of the simulation. 
+%
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:targ}Liquid mercury jet parameters.}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+    \centre{2}{Hg target}\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+      Hg jet speed & $20$~m/s \\
+      density & $13.546$ \\
+      Length, radius & $30$~cm, $7.5$~mm \\
+ \noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+The target used in the present study is a mercury liquid jet \cite{CERN} simulated by a cylinder $30$~cm long (representing two hadronic lengths) and $1.5$~cm diameter (see table~\ref{tab:targ}). Other types of target are under study \cite{CERN}. The pencil like simulated proton beam is composed with  $10^6$ mono-energetic protons. The beam axis is also the symmetry axis of the target and the horns and the decay tunnel. Simulations have been performed for $2.2$~GeV proton kinetic energy, the up to now nominal design \cite{SPL}, as well as for $3.5$~GeV, $4.5$~GeV, $6.5$~GeV and $8$~GeV according to possible new designs \cite{MMWPSGaroby}.
+
+Particle production yields are summarized in table~\ref{tab:nbPart}. The pion momentum spectra obtained at different energies and normalized to a 4MW SPL beam power are presented in figure~\ref{fig:compEner2}(a). At low energy, pions come from $\Delta$ decays while the high energy part is dominated with multi pion production. At very mow energy, for $P<200$~MeV/c, pions come from $\Delta$ produced by protons of the target excited by the beam interactions, while for  higher energy, pion production is due to transformation of protons of the beam into $\Delta$.
+
+The horns are designed to focus the $600$~MeV/c pions (see section~\ref{sec:horn}) and the variation of the number of such pion is rather smooth with respect to the beam energy considering a 4MW fixed beam power: $4.19\times10^{13}\pi$/s for the $2.2$~GeV beam, $4.91\times10^{13}\pi$/s for the $3.5$~GeV beam, $5.14\times10^{13}\pi$/s for the $4.5$~GeV beam, and $4.92\times10^{13}\pi$/s for the $6.5$~GeV beam. The main difference is made by the angular distribution. Figure~\ref{fig:compEner2}(b) shows this distribution for the $\pi^+$ exiting the target with a momentum between $500$~MeV/c and $700$~MeV/c. The acceptance of the horns is limited to the pion below $25^\circ$, and we see that more pions are accepted by the horns for the $3.5$~GeV and $4.5$~GeV proton beams compared to other beam energies.
+
+The secondary proton and neutron rates induce important radiation damages and power dissipation in the horns which have been addressed in reference \cite{nuFact134}, and which will require specific R\&D effort. At $2.2$~GeV, kaon yields are very low, but it has a dramatic energy dependence as further studied in section~\ref{sec:kaon}. It is worth to mention that the numbers in table~\ref{tab:nbPart} are not to be taken as face values, because the cross sections of pion and kaon productions using proton beam are still under studies as for instance by the HARP experiment \cite{harp}.
+%
+\begin{table*}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:nbPart}Average numbers of the most relevant secondary particles exiting the $30$~cm long, $1.5$~cm diameter mercury target per incident proton (FLUKA). The $\mu^+/\mu^-$ numbers and the $K^+/K^0$ numbers have been multiplied by $10^4$. Note that the $K^-$ production rate is at the level of $10^{-5}$ per incident proton.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+$E_k$ (GeV) & p & n & $\gamma$ & $e^+$ & $e^-$ & $\pi^+$ & $\pi^-$ & $\mu^+$ & $\mu^-$ & $K^+$ & $K^0$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+$2.2$ & $1.4$     &  $17$   & $5.0$  &   $0.08$  &  $0.17$    &  $0.24$   &  $0.18$ & $4$ & $1$ & $7$ & $6$ \\
+
+$3.5$ & $1.8$    &  $23$  & $7.0$   &  $0.15$  &  $0.28$    &  $0.41$   &  $0.37$ & $10$ & $3$ & $35$ & $30$ \\
+
+$4.5$ &  $2.3$  &  $25$ & $7.7$  & $0.21$  &  $0.35$    &  $0.57$ & $0.39$&  $11$ & $3.3$  &  $93$ &  $68$       \\
+
+$8$   &  $3.1$  &  $33$ & $11.0$ & $0.41$ & $0.63$    &  $1.00$  &  $0.85$ &  $30$ &  $9.5$ &  $413$ &    $340$         \\
+ \noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/compEner2.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:compEner2} (a) $\pi^+$ momentum distribution per second at the exit of the target for the different proton beam energies studied, simulated with FLUKA, and (b) $\pi^+$ angle with respect to the beam axis of the pion having a momentum between $0.5$~GeV/c and $0.7$~GeV/c. The different SPL beam kinetic energies presented are (\full) $2.2$~GeV, (\dashed) $3.5$~GeV, (\dotted) $4.5$~GeV and (\chain) $6.5$~GeV.}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+The cross section uncertainties are the main source of discrepancy between simulator programs. Some comparisons between FLUKA and MARS \cite{MARS} have already been presented in the same context \cite{nuFact134}. The energy distribution of the pions exiting the target, computed with the two simulator programs FLUKA and MARS, is shown on figure~\ref{fig:compFlukaMars}(a).  The discrepancy is quite large for the low energy part. However, the horns are designed to focus the high energy part of the spectrum (see section~\ref{sec:horn}), and therefore, MARS and FLUKA are in better agreement for the energy spectrum computed at the entrance of the decay tunnel, as shows figure~\ref{fig:compFlukaMars}(b). So,  the discrepancy  at low energy between MARS and FLUKA does not matter too much for the present application. A difference of $10\%$ has been found between the  $\theta_{13}$ sensitivity computed with the two generators (see section~\ref{sec:results}), that can be taken as systematic error. 
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/compMarsFluka.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:compFlukaMars}$\pi^+$ momentum distribution at the exit of the target (a) and at the exit of the horns (b), simulated by FLUKA (\dashed) and by MARS (\full).}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+\section{Kaon production}
+\label{sec:kaon}
+The possibility to increase the SPL energy in order to study the optimization of the physics program has been recently pointed out \cite{MMWPSGaroby}. Then, the kaon production should be clearly addressed because it is a source of $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ background events. The kaon decay channels and branching ratios are presented in table~\ref{tab:BRKP0SL} in \ref{sec:kaons}.
+
+The target simulation described in section~\ref{sec:target} has been used with $10^6$ p.o.t with kinetic energy uniformly distributed between $2.2$~GeV and $5$~GeV. The momentum of outgoing pions and kaons are recorded when they exit the target. The number of produced $K^{o,\pm}$ at different proton beam energies are presented on figure~\ref{fig:KaonsPions}(a). In one hand the $K^o$ production rate is similar to the $K^+$ production rate, but in an other hand the $K^-$ production rate is almost forty times smaller. For comparison, the numbers of $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$  produced in the same conditions are presented on figure~\ref{fig:KaonsPions}(b). Pion production rate is about two orders of magnitude greater than the kaon production rate.
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/KaonProd.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:KaonsPions}Kaon production (a) as a function of the incident proton beam kinetic energy ($E_k$) for $10^6$ incident protons with (\full) curve for $K^+$, (\dashed) curve for $K^-$ and (\dotted) curve for $K^0$. Pion production (b) in the same conditions with (\full) curve for $\pi^+$ and (\dashed) curve for $\pi^-$.}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+The behavior of the two pion and kaon production rates are quite different. The $\pi^+$ yield grows smoothly with the proton energy while the production of kaons seams to have two origins, which has been confirmed by FLUKA's authors \cite{FLUKAprivate}. For beam energy below approximatively $4$~GeV, the resonance production model is used, and one notices a low production rate with a maximum at about $3.4$~GeV. For beam energy above  $4$~GeV, the dual parton model is used, and the production rate experiences a threshold effect with a rapid rise. The ratio between positive kaon and pion production rates is about $0.5\%$ between $2.2$~GeV and $4$~GeV and grow up to $2.3\%$ at $5$~GeV. One notices that the transition between the two kaon production models may not be optimal.
+%
+\section{Horns simulation}
+\label{sec:horn}
+The simulation code of the electromagnetic horns is written using GEANT 3.2.1 \cite{geant} for convenience and since electromagnetic processes are dominant, FLUKA has not been considered as mandatory, but this may be revised in a future work. The geometry of the horns has been inspired by an existing CERN prototype and a Reflector design proposed in reference \cite{SIMONE1}. Depending of the current injection, only positive secondary particles or negative secondary particles are focused. The relevant parameters are detailed in table~\ref{tab:specif}.
+
+The mercury target is localized inside the Horn because of the low energy and the large emittance of the secondary pions produced: $$<P_{\pi T}>/<P_\pi> \approx 240~\mathrm{MeV}/400~\mathrm{MeV}$$ ($2.2$~GeV proton beam energy). This explains the Horn design (figure~\ref{fig:plan}), with a cylindrical part around the target, called the neck, which is larger than the transversal size of the target to simulate the room for target handling, and a conic part designed such that the relevant pions are focused as much as possible to exit the magnetic field parallel to the beam axis.
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/corne350.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:plan}Design of the Horn and the Reflector conductors implemented in the GEANT simulation in case of the generation of a 350~MeV neutrino beam. The Hg target is located inside the cylindrical part of the Horn.}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:specif}Relevant parameters of the horns in case of the generation of a $260$~MeV neutrino beam (or $350$~MeV in paranthesis). The shapes of the conductors are independent of the proton beam energy, as the focusing has been optimized for a $600$~MeV/c (or $800$~MeV/c) pion momentum.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+ & Horn & Reflector \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+  neck inner radius & $3.7$~cm &  $20.3$~cm \\
+  neck length & $40$~cm        &  $120 (140)$~cm \\ 
+  end cone inner radius & $16$~cm        &  $35.7$~cm \\
+  outer radius & $20.3$~cm      & $40$~cm \\ 
+  total length & $120 (140)$~cm       & $190 (220)$~cm \\  
+  Alu thickness  & $3$~mm       & $3$~mm \\            
+  Peak current & $300$~kA       & $600$~kA \\
+  Frequency & $50$~Hz            & $50$~Hz \\
+ \noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+%
+The shape of the horn conductors is a crucial point since it determines the energy spectrum of the neutrino at the detector site. The details of the conductor shape optimization for the present context may be found in reference \cite{nuFact138}. We just recall here some ingredients. For a $\theta_{13}$ driven $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ oscillation, a $\Delta m^2_{23}$ parameter value of $2.4\times10^{-3}\mathrm{eV}^2$, and a baseline distance of $130$~km, the first oscillation maximum occurs for a neutrino energy of $260$~MeV. The   optimization of the physics potential depends at first approximation on the pion neutrino characteristics, which energy is fully determined by the pion 2-body decay and boost. To reach an energy of $260$~MeV, the pion needs a $\beta=0.97$, which in turn induces a pion momentum of $600$~MeV/c. Then, the shape of the conic part of the horns is determined such that these $600$~MeV/c pions exit parallel to the beam axis. 
+
+An other shape of the horn conductors has been used to produce a $350$~MeV neutrino beam to compare the sensitivity potential (see section \ref{sec:results}). In that case, keeping the current intensity unchanged ($300/600$~kA), the lengths of the Horn and the Reflector should be increased by $16$\% and $18.5$\%, respectively (see table~\ref{tab:specif}).
+
+Before closing this section, it is worth to quote that the Horn/Reflector conductor shapes optimized in the present study to focus a given pion momentum value, is not affected at first order by a proton beam energy change. What is affected is the production rate of the relevant pions. This Horn/Reflector design consideration would be different if one wishes to focus as much as possible all the pions produced for which the mean energy is of course affected by a proton beam energy change.    
+%
+\section{Particle decay treatment and flux calculation}
+%
+The decay tunnel representation is a simple cylinder with variable length ($L_T$) and radius ($R_T$) filled with "vacuum" and located right after the horns. The default design is a $20$~m long and $1$~m radius cylinder, but simulations have also been conducted with lengths of $10$~m, $40$~m and $60$~m, and radius of $1.5$~m and $2$~m in the spirit of reference \cite{donega}. In the GEANT simulation, to gain in CPU time, only pions, muons and kaons are tracked in the volume of the tunnel, and all particles exiting this volume are discarded. 
+
+Beyond the $1/L^2$ solid angle factor due to the source-detector distance ($L$) which decreases dramatically the fluxes, the neutrino beam focusing is very limited due to the small pion boost factor ($\approx 4$). Therefore, computational algorithms have been used to avoid a too prohibitive CPU time resulting from the simulation of each secondary particle decay. Otherwise, about $10^{15}$ p.o.t would have been necessary to obtain reliable statistics for the estimation of the $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux for instance.
+
+It is worth to mention that the particle decays occurring before the entrance of the decay tunnel are also taken into account and treated in the same manner, which is not the case in reference \cite{donega}. 
+%
+\subsection{Algorithm description}
+\label{sec:algo}
+The decay code has been included in the GEANT code. The basic idea of this algorithm is to compute the neutrino fluxes using the probability of reaching the detector for each neutrino produced by a $\pi$ or a $K$ or a $\mu$ particle (on-axis neutrino beam). This method has already been used in reference \cite{donega} and has been modified and extended to the kaon decay chain for the present study. 
+
+Muon neutrino comes mostly from pion decay. In a first stage, each pion is tracked by GEANT until it decays. Then, the probability for the produced muon neutrino to reach the detector is computed. The flux is obtained applying the probability as a weight for each neutrino. All the pions produced in the simulation are therefore useful to compute the flux, and this allows to reduce the number of events in the simulation to $10^6$ p.o.t. In this computation, the decay region (horns and tunnel) is considered as point like compared to the source-detector distance. 
+
+The same method is applied for neutrino coming from muons and kaons with some modifications  because most of the muons do not decay, and there are very few kaons produced (see table~\ref{tab:nbPart}).
+The probability computation is presented in appendix~\ref{sec:decayprobcomp}. 
+%
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:proton}Number of protons on target for different beam energy at 4~MW constant power. One year is defined as $10^7$~s.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			Beam energy  & Number of proton \\
+			  (GeV)      & per year ($10^{23}$ p.o.t/y) \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			2.2 & 1.10 \\
+			3.5 & 0.70 \\
+			4.5 & 0.56 \\
+			6.5 & 0.40 \\
+			8.0 & 0.30 \\
+ \noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+%
+\begin{table*}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:speciesfluxes}Integral of the total flux of the different species with different settings. The $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ fluxes are expressed in $10^{13}/100\mathrm{m}^2/y$ unit while the $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes are expressed in $10^{11}/100\mathrm{m}^2/y$ unit. The positive focusing  and negative focusing  are distinguished by a ($+$) sign and a ($-$) sign, respectively. The settings used corresponds to different values of $L_T$ and $R_T$, the length and radius of the decay tunnel. Setting (1) means $L_T = 10$~m and $R_T = 1$~m. Setting (2) is the default option and means $L_T = 20$~m and $R_T = 1$~m. Setting (3) means $L_T = 20$~m and $R_T = 1.5$~m. Setting (4) means $L_T = 30$~m and $R_T = 1$~m. Setting (5) means $L_T = 40$~m and $R_T = 1$~m. Setting (6) means $L_T = 40$~m and $R_T = 1.5$~m. Setting (7) means $L_T = 40$~m and $R_T = 2$~m.  Setting (8) means $L_T = 60$~m and $R_T = 1$~m, and finally, setting (9) means $L_T = 60$~m and $R_T = 1.5$~m.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+
+			Settings  & \centre{2}{$\nu_\mu$} & \centre{2}{$\nu_e$} 
+								&	\centre{2}{$\bar{\nu}_\mu$} & \centre{2}{$\bar{\nu}_e$} \\
+								\cline{2-9}
+								& $+$ & $-$ & $+$ & $-$ & $+$ & $-$ 
+								& $+$ & $-$ \\ 
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+
+(1): $2.2$~GeV  
+	& $5.5$          & $0.4$ 
+	& $1.7$          & $0.2$
+	& $0.3$          & $4.3$  
+	& $0.1$ 				 & $0.8$ \\		
+
+(1): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $7.7$          & $0.7$ 
+	& $2.6$          & $0.6$
+	& $0.6$          & $6.6$  
+	& $0.3$ 				 & $1.3$ \\		
+	
+(1): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $7.1$          & $1.0$ 
+	& $2.8$          & $0.9$
+	& $0.5$          & $5.2$  
+	& $0.3$ 			   & $1.1$ \\		  
+
+(1): $6.5$~GeV  
+	& $8.3$          & $1.2$ 
+	& $4.7$          & $1.9$
+	& $0.8$          & $5.6$  
+	& $0.9$ 			   & $1.8$ \\
+
+(1): $8.0$~GeV  
+	& $7.7$          & $1.2$ 
+	& $5.1$          & $2.2$
+	& $0.9$          & $5.6$  
+	& $1.1$ 				 & $2.1$ \\
+
+(2): $2.2$~GeV  
+	& $7.6$         & $0.4$ 
+	& $3.2$ 				& $0.2$
+	& $0.3$ 				& $5.8$  
+	& $0.1$ 				& $1.6$ \\		  
+
+(2): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $10.0$          & $0.9$ 
+	& $4.4$           & $0.6$
+	& $0.7$ 					& $8.5$  
+	& $0.3$ 					& $2.2$ \\		  
+
+(2): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $10.9$          & $1.1$ 
+	& $5.1$           & $1.0$
+	& $0.7$ 					& $6.7$  
+	& $0.4$ 					& $1.8$ \\		  
+
+(2): $6.5$~GeV  
+	& $10.4$          & $1.4$ 
+	& $6.4$           & $2.0$
+	& $1.0$           & $7.1$  
+	& $0.9$ 					& $2.5$ \\	
+
+(2): $8.0$~GeV  
+	& $9.7$          & $1.5$ 
+	& $6.7$           & $2.3$
+	& $1.2$           & $7.1$  
+	& $1.1$ 					& $2.8$ \\
+
+
+(3): $2.2$~GeV  
+	& $9.0$           & $0.6$ 
+	& $4.4$           & $0.4$
+	& $0.4$           & $6.7$  
+	& $0.2$  					& $2.2$ \\
+
+(3): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $13.2$          & $1.5$ 
+	& $6.9$           & $1.4$
+	& $0.9$           & $8.1$  
+	& $0.6$  					& $2.7$ \\
+
+(4): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $10.9$          & $0.9$ 
+	& $5.7$           & $0.7$
+	& $0.7$           & $9.4$  
+	& $0.3$  					& $2.9$ \\
+
+(4): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $11.6$          & $1.2$ 
+	& $6.3$           & $1.0$
+	& $0.7$           & $7.1$  
+	& $0.4$  					& $2.3$ \\
+
+(5): $2.2$~GeV  
+	& $8.9$           & $0.5$ 
+	& $5.1$           & $0.3$
+	& $0.5$           & $6.7$  
+	& $0.1$ 					& $2.4$ \\	
+
+(5): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $11.3$          & $0.9$ 
+	& $6.5$           & $0.6$
+	& $0.8$           & $9.7$  
+	& $0.3$ 					& $3.3$ \\	
+
+(5): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $12.3$          & $1.2$ 
+	& $7.2$           & $1.0$
+	& $0.8$           & $7.5$  
+	& $0.4$ 					& $2.6$ \\	
+
+(5): $6.5$~GeV  
+	& $11.7$          & $1.6$ 
+	& $8.3$           & $2.2$
+	& $1.1$           & $8.0$  
+	& $0.9$ 					& $3.3$ \\	
+
+(5): $8.0$~GeV  
+	& $10.9$          & $1.7$ 
+	& $8.5$           & $2.4$
+	& $1.3$           & $8.0$  
+	& $1.2$ 					& $3.6$ \\	
+
+(6): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $14.5$          & $1.3$ 
+	& $10.0$          & $1.0$
+	& $1.0$           & $12.3$  
+	& $0.5$  					& $5.3$ \\
+	
+(6): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $15.5$          & $1.7$ 
+	& $10.8$          & $1.5$
+	& $1.0$           & $9.5$  
+	& $0.6$  					& $4.2$ \\
+		
+(7): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $16.6$          & $1.5$ 
+	& $12.9$          & $1.3$
+	& $1.3$           & $13.9$  
+	& $0.7$  					& $6.9$ \\
+	
+(7): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $18.2$          & $2.1$ 
+	& $14.3$          & $1.9$
+	& $1.3$           & $11.1$  
+	& $0.8$  					& $5.6$ \\
+	
+(8): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $11.7$          & $0.9$ 
+	& $7.6$           & $0.7$
+	& $0.7$          & $10.1$  
+	& $0.3$  					& $3.7$ \\
+	
+(8): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $12.5$          & $1.3$ 
+	& $8.1$           & $1.1$
+	& $0.7$          & $7.7$  
+	& $0.4$  					& $2.9$ \\
+	
+(9): $3.5$~GeV  
+	& $15.1$          & $1.3$ 
+	& $12.2$          & $1.0$
+	& $1.0$           & $12.8$  
+	& $0.5$  					& $6.3$ \\
+	
+(9): $4.5$~GeV  
+	& $16.2$          & $1.8$ 
+	& $13.1$          & $1.6$
+	& $1.0$           & $9.9$  
+	& $0.6$  					& $4.9$ \\
+ \noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+%
+\subsection{Validation of the algorithm}
+The validity of the method presented in the previous section have been tested against a straight forward  algorithm consisting of decaying each pion $N$ times ($N \approx 10^6$) in a full GEANT simulation of the event (decays included). Such method presents the advantage to keep all the information of the neutrino available for further studies. It can be a good approach to compute the muon neutrino flux coming from pion decays. It can also provide the beam profile, but it shows its limits for the muon induced fluxes, especially the $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux. Indeed, this means that each muon is duplicated $N$ times and when a muon decays, it must decay $N$ times again. For $N\approx 10^6$, this is a prohibitive CPU time consuming.
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/compGeantDonega.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:compGeantDonega}Comparison between the probability method, (\full) curve, and the full GEANT simulation method, (\dashed) curve, for the $\nu_\mu$ from $\pi^+$ flux (a) and the $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ from $\pi^-$ flux (b). The horns are set to focus positive particles. It should be stressed that the full GEANT simulation has taken roughly 13 times more CPU time than the probability method with the same number of protons on target, and the later simulation is able to produce as well the $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes contrary to the former simulation.}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+The $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ fluxes are displayed on figure~\ref{fig:compGeantDonega} for both methods. The two spectra shows a clear agreement, and this makes confidence on the probability method.
+%
+\subsection{Simulated fluxes}
+The fluxes are computed at a distance of $100$~km from the source by convention and can be rescaled at any desired distance. They provide the number of the four neutrino species ($\nu_\mu$, $\bar{\nu}_\mu$, $\nu_e$, $\bar{\nu}_e$) passing through a $100$~m$^2$ fiducial area during $1$~year.
+
+In practice, the fluxes are given as a function of the neutrino energy via histograms composed of $20$~MeV bin width.  These histograms are filled with the energy of each neutrino weighted by the probability to reach the detector (section~\ref{sec:algo}). To obtain the fluxes, the histograms are rescaled to the number of p.o.t per year depending on the beam energy. Table~\ref{tab:proton} reports on the number of p.o.t per year for the different energies studied using the definition of one year being $10^7$~s and keeping the beam power constant (\textit{i.e.} $4$~MW).
+
+Three origins are identified in the composition of each neutrino flux:
+\begin{description}
+	\item[-] neutrinos from pions, which includes neutrinos created by primary pion decays and neutrinos coming from the muons produced by pion decays or muons directly exiting the target. This is the component studied in reference \cite{donega} but with different settings and event generator;
+	\item[-] neutrinos emitted during the decay chain of the charged kaons, either by direct production, or produced by the daughter pions and muons;
+	\item[-] neutrinos coming from the decay chain of the neutral kaons.
+\end{description}
+
+The three components of the fluxes for the four neutrino species are presented on figure~\ref{fig:flux22p} for positive particle focusing and a proton beam kinetic energy of $2.2$~GeV. The $\nu_\mu$ flux is dominated by the neutrinos of pion decays, but a tail above $500$~MeV (insert on the top left part) is created by the $K^+\rightarrow \mu^+\nu_\mu$ channel, which is anyway at least three order of magnitude below the flux maximum. The $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ flux is mostly due to the decays of $\pi^-$ that are not unfocused by the horns, but the higher energy part comes from $\mu^+$ decays. It is noticable that the $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes are respectively more than $200$ and more than $7000$ times smaller than the $\nu_\mu$ flux. The $\bar{\nu}_e$ are produced in a large part by the $K^0_L\rightarrow\pi^+e^-\bar{\nu}_e$ decay channel and by $\mu^-$ decays, while the  $\nu_e$ flux is dominated by the $\mu^+$ decays.
+
+On figure~\ref{fig:flux22m}, the horns are set to focus negative particles keeping other parameters identical. By comparison with positive focusing, one can at first approximation translate the results by exchanging particles and anti-particles, except that the $K^+/K^-$ ratio is about 50 in the beam-target interactions (see table~\ref{tab:nbPart}).
+
+On figures~\ref{fig:flux45p} and \ref{fig:flux8p}, one observes the evolution of figure~\ref{fig:flux22p} when the proton beam kinetic energy increases to $3.5$~GeV and $8$~GeV, respectively. Correspondingly, the results for negative particle focusing are presented on figures~\ref{fig:flux45m} and \ref{fig:flux8m}. One clearly notices the increase of the kaon induced neutrino contents as the beam energy grows.
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/flux22p.eps}
+\caption{	\label{fig:flux22p}Neutrino fluxes, $100$~km from the target and with the horns focusing the positive particles. The fluxes are computed for a SPL proton beam of $2.2$~GeV (4~MW), a decay tunnel with a length of $20$~m and a radius of $1$~m. The top left panel contains the $\nu_\mu$ fluxes, and the top right panel shows the $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ fluxes. The bottom left panel presents the $\nu_e$ fluxes while the bottom right panel displays the $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes. The (\full) curve is the contribution from primary pions and the daughter muons, and from primary muons. The (\dashed) curve is the contribution from the charged kaon decay chain, and the (\dotted) curve is the contribution from the $K^0$ decay chain. An insert has been added to the plots to hight light when needed the contribution of charged and neutral kaons.}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/flux22m.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:flux22m}Same legend as for figure~\ref{fig:flux22p} but the horns are focusing negative particles.}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/flux35p.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:flux45p}Same legend as for figure~\ref{fig:flux22p} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $3.5$~GeV (4~MW).}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/flux35m.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:flux45m}Same legend as for figure~\ref{fig:flux22m} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $3.5$~GeV (4~MW).}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/flux8p.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:flux8p}Same legend as for figure~\ref{fig:flux22p} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $8$~GeV (4~MW).}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[height=95mm]{../picts/flux8m.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:flux8m}Same legend as for figure~\ref{fig:flux22m} but for proton beam kinetic energy of $8$~GeV (4~MW).}
+\end{figure*}
+%
+On table~\ref{tab:speciesfluxes} are reported the integral of the fluxes when one modifies the decay tunnel length and radius, as well as the beam kinetic energy. Changing the length from $10$~m to $40$~m will increase the $\nu_\mu$ flux by $50\%$ to $70\%$ and in the same time, the number of $\nu_e$ will be multiply by a factor $1.5$ to $2$. One can notice that going from $40$~m to $60$~m does not increase the signal-like events but increase the background-like events. For a $40$~m length of the decay tunnel, the increase of the radius improve the number of signal-like events by $50\%$, and the backgroud increase by $70\%$ to $100\%$. Notice that the $\nu_\mu/\bar{\nu}_\mu$ flux ratio is rather insensitive to the decay tunnel length. The feeling that $L_T = 40$~m and $R_T = 2$~m is a good signal over background compromise is confirmed by sensitivity quantitative studies reported in section~\ref{sec:results}.
+
+Looking at the evolution of $\nu_\mu$ flux with respect to the beam energy, one notices that a maximum is reached around $4.5$~GeV. This is due to the competition between the cross section rise with respect to the energy and the decrease of the number of p.o.t due to the constant SPL power ($4$~MW).
+%
+\section{Sensitivity computation ingredients}
+%
+The sensitivity to $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ is computed for a $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e$ appearance experiment. An analysis program described in reference \cite{MEZZETTONUFACT060} has been used for such sensitivity computation. See table~\ref{tab:param} for the default user parameter values used in this paper. We just remind here some key points of the program. 
+
+It is included a full 3-flavors oscillation probability computation with matter effects, but no ambiguities are taken into account. This latest point may be revisited in a future work using reference \cite{DONINI-2}. Concerning the background events, the $\nu_e/\bar{\nu}_e$ from the beam, the $\nu_\mu e^-$ elastic scattering process, the $\pi^o$ production as well as the $\mu/e$ misidentification are taken into account. The cross-sections from the NUANCE program are used \cite{NUANCE}. The systematics error on the total $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes determination is a user parameter and we have used the $2\%$ value considered as a final goal, but also $5\%$ and $10\%$ \cite{MEZZETTONUFACT060}. The detector considered for definitiveness is similar to the UNO detector, \textit{i.e.} a $440$~kt fiducial water \v{C}erenkov detector \cite{UNO}. It is located at $L = 130$~km from CERN, in the foreseen new Fréjus laboratory \cite{mosca}. It is worth to mention that if one wants to evaluate the influence of $L$ on the sensitivity, it would mean a re-optimization of the horns for each $L$ envisaged (see section~\ref{sec:horn}).  
+%
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:param}Default parameters used to compute the sensitivity curves \cite{MEZZETTONUFACT060}. The quoted errors in parenthesis for the $(12)$ and the $(23)$ parameters (absolute value for the masse square differences and relative value for the angles) are coming respectively from the up to date combined Solar and KamLAND results \cite{KAMLAND} and from a 200 ktons-years SPL desappearance exposure \cite{JJG}.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			$\Delta m^2_{12} = 8.2 (0.5)\times 10^{-5}~\mathrm{eV}^2$ & $\sin^22\theta_{12} = 0.82 (9\%)$ \\
+			$\Delta m^2_{23} = 2.5 (0.1)\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV}^2$ & $\sin^22\theta_{23} = 1.0 (1\%)$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+		  $L_T = 20$~m & $R_T = 1$~m \\ 
+		  $M=440$~kT   & $\epsilon_{syst}=2\%$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+\centre{2}{Horn/Reflector shapes to produce a $260$~MeV neutrino beam} \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+%
+The running time scenario has been fixed either by focusing positive particles during 5 years, either  by focusing positive particles during 1 (or 2) year(s) followed by focusing negative particles during 4 (or 8) years.
+%
+\section{Results}
+\label{sec:results}
+\subsection{The positive only focusing scenario}
+The $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ sensitivities are computed with $\theta_{13} = 0^\circ$ and $\delta_{CP} = 0^\circ$ if not explicitly mentioned. It is worth to stress that the default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param} are used if not contrary mentioned, in particular, the decay tunnel geometry parameters ($L_T=20$~m and $R_T=1$~m), and the horn design to generate a $260$~MeV neutrino beam. 
+
+Table~\ref{tab:nbvsE} presents the number of signal and background events for a $5$ years positive focusing experiment, but with different beam energy settings. The significance parameter is defined in reference \cite{MEZZETTONUFACT060} as\footnote{Contrary to the definition of the significance of reference \cite{MEZZETTONUFACT060}, the systematical factor is applied to the total $\nu_e$ flux in agreement with the sensitivity contour computation.}:
+\begin{equation}
+\begin{aligned}
+\mathcal{S} &= \frac{N^{osc}_{\nu_e}}{\sqrt{ N^{tot}_{\nu_e} + \left(N^{tot}_{\nu_e}\times\epsilon_{syst}\right)^2}}\\
+\mathrm{with}\quad N^{tot}_{\nu_e} &= N^{osc}_{\nu_e} + N^{beam}_{\nu_e} + N^{oth. bkg}
+\label{eq:significance}
+\end{aligned}
+\end{equation}
+and $N^{osc}_{\nu_e}$ the number of $\nu_e$ events due to $\nu_\mu$ oscillations, $N^{beam}_{\nu_e}$ the number of background events coming from the $\nu_e+\bar{\nu}_e$ contamination of the beam, $N^{oth. bkg}$ the other kinds of background events and $\epsilon_{syst}$ the systematical factor.
+%
+\begin{table*}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:nbvsE}Number of events for 5 years positive focusing scenario with default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param}. Other backgrounds are $\pi^0$, $\nu_\mu$-elast., $\mu/e$-missId. The significance parameter is defined by equation~\ref{eq:significance}.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+		 & $2.2$~GeV & $3.5$~GeV & $4.5$~GeV & $6.5$~GeV & $8$~GeV \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			non oscillated $\nu_\mu$       & $36917$  & $60969$  & $73202$  & $78024$ & $76068$ \\ 
+			oscillated $\nu_e$             & $43$     & $60$     & $64$     & $61$    & $56$ \\
+			beam $\nu_e$                   & $165$    & $222$    & $242$    & $288$   & $299$ \\
+			other background               & $70$     & $105$    & $127$    & $148$   & $152$ \\
+			Significance                   & $1.88$   & $2.16$   & $2.17$   & $1.87$  & $1.69$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+%
+The contours at $90\%$, $95\%$ and $99\%$~CL of the $\theta_{13}$ sensitivity are presented in the ($\sin^22\theta_{13}$, $\Delta m^2_{23}$) plane on figure~\ref{fig:sensi45} for $3.5$~GeV proton beam kinetic energy. 
+The comparison between the contours at $90\%$~CL with $2.2$~GeV, $3.5$~GeV, $4.5$~GeV and $8$~GeV beam energies is shown on figure~\ref{fig:compSensi}. One notices in this scenario a better perfomence reached with a $4.5$~GeV energy beam as a confirmation of significance parameter value. But, in fact there is not much visual difference between a sensitivity obtained with $3.5$~GeV and $4.5$~GeV, even if one should keep in mind that kaon production models are different at these two energies (see section~\ref{sec:kaon}). These two energy settings have been studied with different decay tunnel geometry and  results are reported on table~\ref{tab:thvsE_3545}. One notice that similar results can be reached with a $3.5$~GeV beam, compared to a $4.5$~GeV beam.
+
+Quantitative studies of the minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ with respect to the kinetic beam energy $E_k(proton)$, and the decay length $L_T$, and the systematics $\epsilon_{syst}$ are presented in tables~\ref{tab:thvsE} and \ref{tab:thvseps}. One notices that for $\epsilon_{syst} = 5\%$ there is no difference between a $3.5$~GeV and a $4.5$~GeV beam.
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:thvsE}Minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}\times 10^3$ in the $(\sin^22\theta_{13},\Delta m^2_{23})$ plane observable at $90\%$ CL computed for different decay tunnel length ($L_T$) and kinetic beam energy ($E_k(proton)$) and 5 year of positive focusing. Other parameters are fixed to default values (table~\ref{tab:param}).}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+		        & $2.2$~GeV & $3.5$~GeV & $4.5$~GeV & $6.5$~GeV & $8$~GeV  \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			$10$~m & $1.10$ & $0.92$ & $1.04$ & $1.07$ & $1.16$ \\
+			$20$~m & $1.16$ & $0.92$ & $0.89$ & $1.01$ & $1.12$ \\
+			$40$~m & $1.23$ & $1.00$ & $0.99$ & $1.08$ & $1.19$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+%
+\begin{table*}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:thvsE_3545}Minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}\times 10^3$ in the $(\sin^22\theta_{13},\Delta m^2_{23})$ plane observable at $90\%$ CL computed for different decay tunnel length ($L_T$) at and radius ($R_T$) for the $3.5$~GeV and $4.5$~GeV scenarios and 5 years of positive focusing. Other parameters are fixed to default values (table~\ref{tab:param}). Settings in parenthesis are identical to those of table~\ref{tab:speciesfluxes}, except that the setting (7b) corresponds to the tunnel geometry of setting (7) but the horn geometry producing a $350$~MeV neutrino beam is used. We remind that the setting (2) is the default one, and the settings (7) and (7b) corresponds to $L_T = 40$~m and $R_T = 2$~m.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+setting & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (7b) & (8) & (9)\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+$3.5$~GeV   & $0.92$ & $0.92$ & $0.83$ & $0.98$ & $1.00$ & $0.93$ & $0.91$ & $0.76$ & $1.05$ & $1.01$ \\
+$4.5$~GeV   & $1.04$ & $0.89$ & $0.82$ & $0.94$ & $0.99$ & $0.92$ & $0.87$ & $0.71$ & $1.03$ & $1.00$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/sensi35.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:sensi45}Sensitivity contours obtained with a SPL energy of $3.5$~GeV and default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param}. In particular, it is reminded that the tunnel geometry parameters are $L_T = 20$~m and $R_T = 1$~m. (\full), (\dashed) and (\dotted) curves stand for $90\%$, $95\%$ and $99\%$ confidence level, respectively.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/compsensi.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:compSensi}Comparison of 90\% CL sensitivity contours obtained with SPL energies of $2.2$~GeV (\dashed), $3.5$~GeV (\chain), $4.5$~GeV (\full) and $8$~GeV (\dotted) and default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param}. In particular, it is reminded that the tunnel geometry parameters are $L_T = 20$~m and $R_T = 1$~m.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+We have also considered the $3.5$~GeV and $4.5$~GeV beam energies with the tunnel geometry parameters $L_T=40$~m and $R_T=2$~m, and the horn design producing a $350$~MeV neutrino beam (see section~\ref{sec:horn}). In table~\ref{tab:thvsE_3545} are reported numerical values, and on figure~\ref{fig:comp5year} are shown the $90$\% CL sensitivity contours. With the $350$~MeV neutrino beam, one can expect a $16$\% improvment with respect to the $260$~MeV neutrino beam. One notices also that there is marginal gain to increase the beam energy from $3.5$~GeV to $4.5$~GeV, as already mentioned. 
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/comp5year.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:comp5year}Comparison of 90\% CL sensitivity contours obtained with SPL energies of $3.5$~GeV or $4.5$~GeV, and either a $260$~MeV (default) neutrino beam or a $350$~MeV neutrino beam. The tunnel geometry parameters are $L_T = 40$~m and $R_T = 2$~m. The (\chain) curve corresponds to a $350$~MeV/$4.5$~GeV (neutrino beam/SPL beam energy) setting; the (\dotted) curve corresponds to a $350$~MeV/$3.5$~GeV setting; the (\dashed) curve corresponds to a $260$~MeV/$4.5$~GeV setting and the (\full) curve corresponds to a  $260$~MeV/$3.5$~GeV setting.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+
+There are also variations on the minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ value that may be reached in a $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ experiment which are due to the $\mathrm{sign}(\Delta m^2_{23})$ ambiguity and the $\delta_{CP}$ value. On table~\ref{tab:sign} are presented these kind of variations. Other ambiguities coming from the sign$(\tan(2\theta_{23}))$ ignorance also take place as studied in reference \cite{DONINI}. From figure~9 of this reference, we estimate a 30\% effect on $\sin^2(2\theta_{13})$ sensivity due to these ambiguities.
+%
+\subsection{Mixed positive/negative focusing scenario}
+%
+The combined $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ sensitivity for the 5 years positive focusing scenario and the default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param} is presented on figure~\ref{fig:compDeltaTheta}(a). The results obtained with a $3.5$~GeV and $4.5$~GeV SPL beam are similar and better than with the other energy settings. On figure~\ref{fig:sensiDeltaTheta}(a) the results obtained with a $260$~MeV neutrino beam and a $350$~MeV neutrino beam are presented with a $40$~m long, $2$~m radius decay tunnel. With the $350$~MeV neutrino beam, one can reached better sensitivity results in the range $|\delta_{CP}| < 120^o$, and comparatively the gain obtained when switching from a $3.5$~GeV proton beam to a $4.5$~GeV proton beam is marginal. 
+%
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:thvseps}Minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}\times 10^3$ in the $(\sin^22\theta_{13},\Delta m^2_{23})$ plane observable at $90\%$ CL computed for different level of systematics ($\epsilon_{syst}$) and kinetic beam energy ($E_k(proton)$) and 5 years of positive focusing. Other parameters are fixed to default values (table~\ref{tab:param}).}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			      & $2.2$~GeV & $3.5$~GeV & $4.5$~GeV & $6.5$~GeV & $8$~GeV \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			$2\%$ & $1.16$ & $0.92$ & $0.89$ & $1.01$ & $1.12$ \\
+			$5\%$ & $1.48$ & $1.25$ & $1.25$ & $1.48$ & $1.64$ \\
+			$10\%$ & $2.40$ & $2.14$ & $2.21$ & $2.72$ & $3.09$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+%
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:sign}Minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}\times 10^3$ in the $(\sin^22\theta_{13},\Delta m^2_{23})$ plane observable at $90\%$ CL computed for a $2.2$~GeV kinetic energy proton beam, and for different values of sign$(\Delta m^2_{23})$ and $\delta_{CP}$ and 5 years of positive focusing. Other parameters are fixed to default values (table~\ref{tab:param}).}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			    & $-180^\circ$ & $-90^\circ$ & $0^\circ$ & $90^\circ$ & $180^\circ$\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+			$+$ & $1.40$ & $0.43$ & $1.16$ & $11.48$ & $1.40$\\
+			$-$ & $1.45$ & $11.75$& $1.11$ & $0.43$  & $1.45$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+%
+To improve the $\delta_{CP}$-independent limit on $\sin^22\theta_{13}$, especially around $\delta_{CP}=90^\circ$, one may envisaged a combination of 2 years with positive focusing and 8 years negative focusing as in references \cite{DONINI,JJG,Mezzetto}. The comparison of the results obtained with different SPL beam energies on the combined sensitivity contours are presented in figure~\ref{fig:compDeltaTheta}(b). Quantitative results with this kind of mixed focusing scenario are reported table \ref{tab:thvsE_td}. One generally gets $10\%$ to $20\%$ better limit on $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ independently of $\delta_{CP}$ with a $3.5$~GeV kinetic energy beam compare to a $2.2$~GeV beam. Doubling the length and the radius of the decay tunnel allows to reach a $10\%$ better limit.
+
+On figure~\ref{fig:sensiDeltaTheta}(b) are presented the results considering the effects of a $350$~MeV neutrino beam obtained either with a $3.5$~GeV proton beam or a $4.5$~GeV proton beam compared to a $260$~MeV neutrino beam obtained with a $4.5$~GeV proton beam. The tunnel geometry parameters are $L_T=40$~m and $R_T=2$~m (other tunnel geometry have been studied but the results are worse and so are not reported). Except in the region $|\delta_{CP}|>150^o$, the results obtained with the $350$~MeV neutrino beam ($3.5$~GeV proton beam) are somewhat better, even if a $11\%$ improvement of the $\delta_{CP}$-independent $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ limit can be reached with the $260$~MeV neutrino beam obtained with the $3.5$~GeV proton beam.
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/compDeltaTheta.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:compDeltaTheta}90\% sensitivity contours obtained with SPL beam energy of $2.2$~GeV (\dashed), $3.5$~GeV (\chain), $4.5$~GeV (\full) and $8$~GeV (\dotted) at $90\%$ CL. Default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param} are used either with a 5 years positive focusing scenario (a) or a mixed scenario of 2 years positive focusing and 8 years of negative focusing (b). In particular, it is reminded that the tunnel geometry parameters are $L_T = 20$~m and $R_T = 1$~m.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/sensiDeltaTheta.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:sensiDeltaTheta}90\% CL sensitivity contours obtained with the decay tunnel geometry parameters $L_T=40$~m and $R_T=2$~m and different SPL beam energies ($3.5$~GeV or $4.5$~GeV) and different horn designs ($260$~MeV or $350$~MeV neutrino beams): (\full) curve for a $350$~MeV/$4.5$~GeV setting, (\dotted) curve for a $350$~MeV/$3.5$~GeV setting, (\dashed) curve for a $260$~MeV/$3.5$~GeV setting. Other default parameters of table~\ref{tab:param} are used either with a 5 years positive focusing scenario (a) or a mixed scenario of 2 years positive focusing and 8 years of negative focusing (b).}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=85mm]{../picts/comparaisonFinale.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:deltathetaFinal}90\%CL sensitivity contours labeled by the project or experiment involved. The "CHOOZ excluded" dashed curve comes from the exclusion obtained from reference \cite{CHOOZ} with $\Delta m^2 = \Delta m^2_{atm}$; in the same conditions is given the sensitivity foreseen for the "Double-CHOOZ" project \cite{Wpaper}. The "CNGS combined" has been obtained combining the results form OPERA and ICARUS \cite{MIGLIOZZITERANOVA}. The T2K contour has been derived from reference \cite{KOBAYASHI}. The BNL contour has been obtained from reference \cite{BNL}. The "Beta Beam" contour has been computed with 5 years running with both $\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$ neutrino beams in an appearance mode, while the dashed "Beta Beam disappearance" has been obtained as if the $\beta$ beam was analysed like a reactor experiment with 1\% systematic error \cite{MAOROPRIVATE}. The "SPL 5y" and "SPL 2y+8y" and "SPL 1y+4y" curves have been obtained from the optimisation described in this paper ("5y": positive only focusing scenario; "1y+4y": 1 year of positive focusing and 4 years of negative focusing scenario; "2y+8y": 2 years of positive focusing and 8 years of negative focusing scenario) using a $3.5$~GeV beam and a decay tunnel of $40$~m length, and $2$~m radius.}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\section{Summary and outlook}
+A complete chain of simulation has been set up for the SPL-Fréjus project. The neutrino production has been extended to the kaon decay contribution, which is important to test SPL energy scenario above $2.2$~GeV.
+
+The beam line optimization has been performed using the sensitivity to $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ and $\delta_{CP}$. The shape of the focusing system has been updated to obtain a neutrino beam energy around $260$~MeV or $350$~MeV.
+%
+\begin{table*}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:thvsE_td}Minimum $\sin^22\theta_{13}\times 10^3$ observable at $90\%$ CL computed for the worse $\delta_{CP}$ case, and for different decay tunnel length ($L_T$) and radius ($R_T$) for the $3.5$~GeV and $4.5$~GeV scenarios and 2 years of positive focusing plus 8 years of negative focusing. Other parameters are fixed to default values (table~\ref{tab:param}). Settings are identical to those of table~\ref{tab:speciesfluxes}.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+setting & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (7b) & (8) & (9)\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+$2.2$~GeV &        & $2.52$ &        &        & $2.58$ &        & $2.30$ &        &         &       \\
+$3.5$~GeV & $2.34$ & $2.22$ & $2.10$ & $2.13$ & $2.09$ & $2.08$ & $2.02$ & $2.28$ &  $2.16$ & $2.09$\\
+$4.5$~GeV & $2.91$ & $2.60$ & $2.43$ & $2.48$ & $2.52$ & $2.39$ & $2.34$ & $2.55$ &  $2.53$ & $2.47$\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+%
+
+In a positive only focusing scenario, the best limit on $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ is $0.82\times10^{-3}$
+ ($90\%$ CL, $\delta_{CP}=0$), with a $4.5$~GeV beam energy and a $20$~m long, $1.5$~m radius decay tunnel. However, the $3.5$~GeV beam may also obtain rather similar limit with $0.83\times10^{-3}$ ($90\%$ CL) with the same tunnel parameters. The $\delta_{CP}$ independant $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ sensitivity is limited to $\approx 10^{-2}$ due to the $\delta_{CP} \approx 90^o$ region.
+ 
+In a mixed focusing scenario, the best limit on $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ independent of $\delta_{CP}$ is $2.02\times10^{-3}$ ($90\%$ CL) obtained with a $3.5$~GeV beam energy and a $40$~m long, $2$~m radius decay tunnel.
+
+The comparison of the optimization presented in this paper with the results obtained by other projects is displayed on figure \ref{fig:deltathetaFinal}. It is presented the 5 years positive focusing scenario, and two versions of a mixed scenario using positive and negative focusing: one scenario duration is 5 years in total and the other one is 10 years running in total and has been used in the previous section. It shows the complementarity of the SPL-Fr\'ejus project with the beta beam-Fr\'ejus project. Especially when considering the sensitivity to $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ for $\delta_{CP}<0$. 
+
+The authors think that the present study may be extended in many respects. The beam line simulation part may be performed with a single simulator as FLUKA (or GEANT4 \cite{GEANT4} for comparison). Other targets may be envisaged (tantalum, carbon) as well as other detector types as a Large Liquid Argon detector \cite{BIGICARUS}. The baseline length may also be revisited as well as the off axis option. The sensitivity analysis may be deeper investigated using the complete set of possible ambiguities as in reference \cite{DONINI}, and the $\theta_{13}$ or $\delta_{CP}$ measurement accuracy with new beam energy scenario may be investigated too.     
+%
+\begin{acknowledgement}
+The authors would like to thank M.~Mezzetto to have expressed his interest since the early stage of this work and to have provided us with his sensitivity computation program. Also the authors thank S.~Gilardoni for fruitful discussions.
+\end{acknowledgement}
+%
+\appendix
+\setcounter{section}{0}
+\section{Decay probability computations}
+\label{sec:decayprobcomp}
+This appendix contains the probability formulas and the algorithms used in the flux computation (see section~\ref{sec:algo}).
+
+\subsection{Pion neutrino probability computation}
+\label{sec:Ppi}
+Pions decay only as $\pi^+\rightarrow \mu^+ + \nu_\mu$ or $\pi^- \rightarrow \mu^- + \bar{\nu}_\mu$ and the neutrinos are emitted isotropically in the pion rest frame, with an energy of about $30$~MeV given by the 2-body decay kinematics. Applying a Lorentz boost knowing the pion momentum and direction, it is possible to compute the probability to reach the detector for the neutrinos. Only neutrino parallel to the beam axis are supposed to pass through the detector fiducial area, and therefore, the neutrino must be emitted by the pion with an angle opposite to the angle between the pion and the beam axis (see figure~\ref{fig:pionDecay}). This gives:
+\begin{equation}
+\mathcal{P}_\pi = \frac{1}{4\pi}\frac{A}{L^2}\frac{1-\beta^2}{(\beta\cos\alpha-1)^2}
+\label{probaPi}
+\end{equation}
+where $\beta$ is the velocity of the pion in the tunnel frame, $A$ is the fiducial detector surface, $L$ the distance between the neutrino source and the detector, and $\alpha$ the angle between the pion direction and the beam axis in the laboratory frame.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics{../picts/pionDecay.eps}
+\caption{\label{fig:pionDecay}Pion decay in the tunnel frame. To reach the detector, $\delta = -\alpha$ is needed.}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsection{Muon neutrino probability computation}
+\label{sec:Pmu}
+Muons decay only as $\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ + \nu_e + \bar{\nu}_\mu$ or $\mu^- \rightarrow e^- + \bar{\nu}_e + \nu_\mu$, and will produce background events. The mean decay length of the muons is $2$~km, therefore, most of them do not decay in the tunnel. This induces a lack of statistics to estimate the corresponding level of background. This problem has been solved using each muon appearing in the simulation in the following steps:
+\begin{enumerate}
+	\item the probability for the muon to decay into the tunnel has been computed using a straight line propagation;
+	\item the available energy for the neutrino in the tunnel frame has been divided in $20$~MeV energy bins; 
+	% (the number of bin depending of the muon energy).
+	\item one $\nu_e$ and one $\nu_\mu$ have been simulated in each of the energy bins (step 2). Then, the probability to reach the detector has been computed, and multiplied by the probability computed at step (1).%the neutrino energy is stored in an histogram, weighted with this probability and 
+\end{enumerate}
+After the probability computation, the non useful muon is discarded by GEANT to gain in CPU time. 
+
+The probability for the muon neutrino and the electron neutrino to be emitted parallel to the beam axis is \cite{donega}:
+\begin{multline}
+\frac{d\mathcal{P}_\mu}{dE_\nu} = \frac{1}{4\pi}\frac{A}{L^2}\frac{2}{m_\mu}\frac{1}{\gamma_\mu(1+\beta_\mu\cos\theta^*)}\\ \times \frac{1-\beta_\mu^2}{(\beta_\mu\cos\rho-1)^2}\left[f_0(x)\mp \Pi_\mu^L f_1(x)\cos\theta^*\right]
+\label{probaMu}
+\end{multline}
+where $\beta_\mu$ and $\gamma_\mu$ are the velocity and the Lorentz boost of the muon in the tunnel frame, $\theta^*$ is the angle with respect to the beam axis of the muon in the muon rest frame, $\rho$ is the corresponding angle in the tunnel frame. Like in the pion case, this angle appears because the neutrino must be parallel to the beam axis. $\Pi_\mu^L$ is the muon longitudinal polarization, the parameter $x$ is defined as $x=2E_\nu^*/m_\mu$ where $E_\nu^*$ is the neutrino energy in the muon rest frame, and the function $f_0(x)$ and $f_1(x)$ coming from the matrix element of the muon decay are given in table~\ref{tab:Function}. The sign in front of $\Pi_\mu^L$ in equation~\ref{probaMu} is $(-)$ for the $\mu^+$ decays and $(+)$ for the $\mu^-$ decays, respectively.
+
+%\Table{\label{tab:Function}Flux function in the muon rest frame \cite{Gaisser}.}
+%\br
+%		      &  $f_0(x)$ & $f_1(x)$ \\
+%\mr
+%		$\nu_\mu$ & $2x^2(3-2x)$ & $2x^2(1-2x)$ \\
+%		$\nu_e$   & $12x^2(1-x)$ & $12x^2(1-x)$ \\
+%\br
+%\endTable
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:Function}Flux function in the muon rest frame \cite{Gaisser}.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+		      &  $f_0(x)$ & $f_1(x)$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+		$\nu_\mu$ & $2x^2(3-2x)$ & $2x^2(1-2x)$ \\
+		$\nu_e$   & $12x^2(1-x)$ & $12x^2(1-x)$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Muon polarization is computed using the conservation of the transverse component of the velocity four-vector $\gamma(1,\beta)$ between the muon rest frame (where the polarization is computed) and the pion rest frame, where the muon helicity is $-1$, due to the parity non conservation. It yields \cite{picasso}:
+\begin{equation}
+\Pi_\mu^T = \frac{\gamma_\pi\beta_\pi}{\gamma_\mu\beta_\mu}\sin\theta^*
+\mbox{ and }\Pi_\mu^L = \sqrt{1-\Pi_\mu^{T2}}
+\label{pola}
+\end{equation}
+where $\gamma_\pi$, $\beta_\pi$, $\gamma_\mu$, and $\beta_\mu$ are the Lorentz boost and velocity of the pion and of the muon in the tunnel frame, and $\theta^*$ the angle with respect to the beam axis of the muon in the pion rest frame.
+
+\subsection{The treatment of the kaons}
+\label{sec:kaons}
+Contrary to pions and muons, kaons have many decay channels. They are summarized in table~\ref{tab:BRKP0SL}.
+
+%\Table{\label{tab:BRKP0SL}Charged and neutral kaon decay channels \cite{pdg}.}
+%\br
+%\centre{2}{$K^\pm$}                                               & \centre{2}{$K^0_L$}     &          \centre{2}{$K^0_S$}\\
+%\mr
+%$\mu^\pm\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu}_\mu$   & $63.51\%$ & $\pi^-e^+\nu_e$ & $19.35\%$        & $\pi^+\pi^-$ & $68.61\%$ \\
+%$\pi^\pm\pi^0$ & $21.17\%$                                        & $\pi^+e^-\bar{\nu}_e$ & $19.35\%$  & $\pi^0\pi^0$ &  $31.39\%$ \\ 		
+%$\pi^\pm\pi^+\pi^-$ & $5.59\%$                                    & $\pi^-\mu^+\nu_\mu$ & $13.5\%$ & & \\
+%$e^\pm\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu}_e\pi^0$ & $4.82\%$   & $\pi^+\mu^-\bar{\nu}_\mu$ & $13.5\%$ & & \\  			  			
+%$\mu^\pm\stackrel{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu}_\mu\pi^0$ & $3.18\%$ & $\pi^0\pi^0\pi^0$ & $21.5\%$ & &\\
+%$\pi^\pm\pi^0\pi^0$ & $1.73\%$                                    & $\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ & $12.38\%$ & & \\ 			
+%\br
+%\endTable
+\begin{table}
+\centering
+\caption{\label{tab:BRKP0SL}Charged and neutral kaon decay channels \cite{pdg}.}
+%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+\centre{2}{$K^\pm$}         & \centre{2}{$K^0_L$}     & \centre{2}{$K^0_S$}\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+$\mu^\pm\nu_\mu$ & $63.51\%$ & $\pi^-e^+\nu_e$ & $19.35\%$        & $\pi^+\pi^-$ & $68.61\%$ \\
+$\pi^\pm\pi^0$ & $21.17\%$   & $\pi^+e^-\bar{\nu}_e$ & $19.35\%$  & $\pi^0\pi^0$ &  $31.39\%$ \\ 		
+$\pi^\pm\pi^+\pi^-$ & $5.59\%$ & $\pi^-\mu^+\nu_\mu$ & $13.5\%$ & & \\
+$e^\pm\nu_e\pi^0$ & $4.82\%$   & $\pi^+\mu^-\bar{\nu}_\mu$ & $13.5\%$ & & \\  			  			
+$\mu^\pm\nu_\mu\pi^0$ & $3.18\%$ & $\pi^0\pi^0\pi^0$ & $21.5\%$ & &\\
+$\pi^\pm\pi^0\pi^0$ & $1.73\%$ & $\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ & $12.38\%$ & & \\ 			
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+There is a very small amount of kaons produced (section~\ref{sec:kaon}), and this number has been artificially increased in order to obtain statistically significant results.  The multiplicity of decay channels makes impossible the method used for the muon case (\ref{sec:Pmu}). The method chosen for the good compromise between the gain in CPU and the statistical uncertainty of the results, is to duplicate many times each kaon exiting the target. The number of duplication varies between 10 and 300. It depends on the initial kaon rate and therefore on the beam energy.
+
+All the kaons daughter particles are tracked by GEANT until they decay. Three different types of daughter particles are identified in the kaon decays. The first type corresponds to primary neutrinos, the second type concerns charged pions and muons, and the neutral pions are left for the last type.
+
+In the $K^\pm\rightarrow\mu^\pm \nu_\mu(\bar{\nu}_\mu)$ decay modes, the computation of the probability for a neutrino to reach the detector is the same than the 2-body decay formula used to in the pion decay (equation~\ref{probaPi}), where $\beta$ is now the kaon velocity, and $\alpha$ the angle of the kaon with respect to the beam axis. 
+
+When a neutrino is produced by a kaon 3-body decay, the probability to reach the detector is computed using a pure phase space formula. It yields:
+\begin{multline}
+\mathcal{P}_K = \frac{1}{4\pi}\frac{A}{L^2}\frac{1}{m_K-m_\pi-m_l} \\ \times \frac{1}{\gamma_K(1+\beta_K\cos\theta^*)}
+\frac{1-\beta_K^2}{(\beta_K\cos\delta-1)^2}
+\label{probaL}
+\end{multline}
+where $m_K$ is the kaon mass (charged or neutral), $m_\pi$ is the pion mass ($\pi^0$ mass in $K^\pm$ decays and $\pi^\pm$ mass in $K_L^0$ decays), and $m_l$ is the mass of the lepton associated with the neutrino. The $\beta_K$ and $\gamma_K$ are the velocity and the Lorentz boost of the kaon, $\theta^*$ is the angle between the neutrino direction and the kaon direction, in the kaon rest frame. Finally, $\delta$ is the angle between the kaon direction and the beam axis in the tunnel frame.
+
+When a $\pi^\pm$ is produced in the kaon decay chain, it is tracked by GEANT until it decays, and the probability of equation~\ref{probaPi} is applied to the produced neutrino. In case of a muon, it is treated as explained in \ref{sec:Pmu}. The muon polarization is computed this time using the kaon decay informations. Finally, when a $\pi^0$ is produced, as it cannot create neutrinos, it is simply discarded.
+
+%
+%\section*{References}
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}
+%
+%\bibitem{SKNU04}
+%Kearns E [SuperKamiokande Collaboration] Talk at Neutrino 2004 to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+%
+%\bibitem{K2KNU04}
+%Nakaya T [K2K Collaboration] Talk at Neutrino 2004 to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+%
+%\bibitem{MINOS}
+%Thomson T [MINOS Collaboration] Talk at Neutrino 2004 to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+%\nonum Adamson P \etal NuMi-L-337
+%
+%\bibitem{OPERA}
+%Autiero D [OPERA Collaboration] Talk at Neutrino 2004 to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)\\
+%Guler M \etal \textit{ Experiment proposal} CERN/SPSC 2000-028 SPSC/P318 LNGS P25/2000 
+%
+%\bibitem{ICARUS}
+%Guler M \etal [ICARUS Collaboration] Talk at Neutrino 2004 to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+%\nonum Aprili P \etal CERN-SPSC-2002-027
+%
+%\bibitem{CNGS}
+%Acquistapace G \etal CERN-98-02
+%
+%\bibitem{LSND}
+%Athanassopoulos A \etal [LSND Collaboration] 1998 \PRL {\bf 81} 1774
+%\nonum Aguilar A \etal [LSND Collaboration] 2001 \PR D {\bf 64} 112007
+%
+%\bibitem{MINIBOONE}
+%Stancu I \etal [MiniBooNE Collaboration] FERMILAB-TM-2207
+%
+%\bibitem{PMNS}
+%Pontecorvo B  1957 \textit{Sov. Phys.--JETP} {\bf 6} 429 [1957 \textit{Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.} \textbf{33} 549]
+%\nonum Maki Z, Nakagawa M and Sakata S 1962 \textit{Prog. Theor. Phys.} \textbf{28} 870\\
+%Pontecorvo B 1968 \textit{Sov. Phys.--JETP} \textbf{26}  984 [1967 \textit{Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.} \textbf{53} 1717]
+%\nonum Gribov V N and Pontecorvo B 1969 \PL B \textbf{28} 493
+%
+%\bibitem{CHOOZ}
+%Apollonio M \etal  [CHOOZ Collaboration] 1999 \PL B {\bf 466} 415
+%\nonum Apollonio M \etal  [CHOOZ Collaboration] 2003 \EJP C {\bf 27}  331
+%
+%\bibitem{Wpaper}
+%Anderson K \etal 2004 \textit{White paper report on using nuclear reactors to search for a value of $\theta_{13}$} http://www.hep.anl.gov/minos/reactor13/reactor13.pdf
+%
+%\bibitem{BETABEAM}
+%Zucchelli P 2002 \PL B \textbf{532} 166
+%
+%\bibitem{NOVA}
+%Ambats I \etal 2004 NO$\nu$A proposal FNAL P929
+%
+%\bibitem{T2K}
+%Itow Y 2001 KEK report 2001-4, ICRR-report-477-2001-7, TRI-PP-01-05 \\
+%see also arXiv:hep-ex/0106019
+%
+%\bibitem{BNLHS}
+%Diwan M V 2003 \PR D {\bf 68} 012002
+%
+%\bibitem{CERN}
+%Blondel A \etal CERN-2004-002
+%
+%\bibitem{DONINI}
+%Donini A \etal 2004 IFT-UAM/CSIC-04-30\\
+%see also arXiv:hep-ph/0406132.
+%
+%\bibitem{DOUBLE-CHOOZ}
+%Dalnoki-Veress F for the Double-CHOOZ project arXiv:hep-ex/0406070
+%
+%\bibitem{SPL}
+%Autin B \etal CERN-2000-12
+%
+%\bibitem{UNO} 
+%The UNO whitepaper \textit{Physics Potential and Feasibility of UNO} (preprint SBHEP01-3) (see also http://ale.physics.sunysb.edu/uno/)
+%
+%\bibitem{mosca}
+%Mosca L 2004 Talk in the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004 http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+%
+%\bibitem{Meer}
+%van der Meer S 1961 CERN-Report No 61-7
+%
+%\bibitem{nuFact134} 
+%Campagne J E and Cazes A 2003 CERN-NUFACT-Note-134\\ http://slac.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/NFNotes.html
+%
+%\bibitem{MMWPSCazes} 
+%Campagne J E and Cazes A 2004 Poster session at the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004 \\
+%http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+%
+%\bibitem{JJG}
+%G\'omez Gadenas J J \etal 2001 IFIC/01-31 \\
+%see also arXiv:hep-ph/0105297
+%
+%\bibitem{Mezzetto}
+%Mezzetto M 2003 \jpg {\bf 29} 1781-1784\\
+%see also arXiv:hep-ex/0302005
+%
+%
+%\bibitem{nuFact138} 
+%Campagne J E 2004 CERN-NUFACT-Note-138\\
+% http://slap.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/NFNotes.html
+%
+%\bibitem{fluka}
+%Fasso A \etal, Proceedings of the MonteCarlo 2000 conference, Lisbon, October 26 2000, Kling A \etal - eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin, p159-164 (2001);
+%\nonum Fasso A \etal, Proceedings of the MonteCarlo 2000 conference, Lisbon, October 26 2000, Kling A \etal - eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin, p955-960 (2001)
+%
+%\bibitem{MMWPSGaroby} 
+%Garoby R 2004 Talk in the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004 http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+%
+%\bibitem{harp}
+%Catanesi C \etal [HARP Collaboration] CERN-SPSC 2002/019
+%
+%\bibitem{MARS}
+%Mokhov N V \etal 1995 The MARS Code System User Guide, Version 13(95), Fermilab-FN-628
+%\nonum Mokhov N V \etal 1998 MARS oed Develepments; LANL Report LA-UR-98-5716, nucl-th/9812038 v2 16 December 1998, http://www-ap.fnal.gov/MARS/
+%
+%\bibitem{FLUKAprivate}
+%Battistoni G and Ferrari A \textit{private communication}
+%
+%\bibitem{geant}
+%Application Software group, Computing and Network Division \etal GEANT Description and Simulation Tool, CERN Geneva, Switzerland
+%
+%\bibitem{SIMONE1}
+%Gilardoni S 2003 Talk at NuFact03 http://www.cap.bnl.gov/nufact03/
+%
+%\bibitem{donega}
+%Blondel A \etal 2001 CERN-NUFACT-Note-78\\
+% http://slap.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/NFNotes.html
+%
+%\bibitem{MEZZETTONUFACT060}
+%Mezzetto M 2000 CERN-NUFACT-Note-60\\
+% http://slap.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/NFNotes.html
+%
+%\bibitem{DONINI-2}
+%Donini A, Meloni D and Rigolin S 2004 J. High Energy Phys. \textbf{0406} 011\\
+%see also arXiv:hep-ph/0312072
+%
+%\bibitem{NUANCE}
+%Casper D  2002\textit{ Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl.} \textbf{112} 161-170\\
+%see also arXiv:hep-ph/0208030
+%
+%
+%\bibitem{KAMLAND}
+%Gratta G [KamLAND Collaboration] Talk at Neutrino 2004 to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+%
+%\bibitem{GEANT4}
+%Agostinelli A \etal [GEANT4 Collaboration] 2003 \NIM A \textbf{506} 250-503
+%
+%\bibitem{Gaisser}
+%Gaisser T K 1990 \textit{Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics} Cambridge University Press 
+%
+%\bibitem{picasso}
+%Combley F and Picasso E 1974 \textit{Phys. Rept.} {\bf 14} 1
+%
+%\bibitem{pdg}
+%Hagiwara K \etal 2002 \PR D {\bf 66}  010001
+%
+\bibitem{SKNU04}
+E. Kearns [SuperKamiokande Collaboration], in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+
+\bibitem{K2KNU04}
+T. Nakaya [K2K Collaboration], in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+
+\bibitem{MINOS}
+T. Thomson [MINOS Collaboration], in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement);
+P. Adamson \etal, NuMi-L-337 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{OPERA}
+D. Autiero [OPERA Collaboration], in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement);
+M. Guler  \etal, \textsl{Experiment proposal} CERN/SPSC 2000-028 SPSC/P318 LNGS P25/2000 (unpublished) 
+
+\bibitem{ICARUS}
+M. Guler  [ICARUS Collaboration], in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement);
+P. Aprili \etal, CERN-SPSC-2002-027 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{CNGS}
+G. Acquistapace  \etal, CERN-98-02 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{LSND}
+A. Athanassopoulos \etal, \PRL {\bf 81}, 1774  (1998);
+A. Aguilar \etal, \PR D {\bf 64}, 112007 (2001) 
+
+\bibitem{MINIBOONE}
+I. Stancu \etal, FERMILAB-TM-2207 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{PMNS}
+B. Pontecorvo \textsl{Sov. Phys.--JETP} {\bf 6}, 429 (1957) [\textsl{Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.} \textbf{33}, 549 (1957)];
+Z. Maki, M. Nakagawa and S. Sakata \textsl{Prog. Theor. Phys.} \textbf{28}, 870 (1962);
+Pontecorvo B \textsl{Sov. Phys.--JETP} \textbf{26},  984 (1968) [\textsl{Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.} \textbf{53}, 1717 (1967)];
+V. N. Gribov and B. Pontecorvo \PL B \textbf{28}, 493 (1969) 
+
+\bibitem{CHOOZ}
+M. Apollonio \etal, \PL B {\bf 466}, 415 (1999);
+M. Apollonio \etal, \EJP C {\bf 27},  331 (2003)
+
+\bibitem{Wpaper}
+K. Anderson \etal, \textsl{White paper report on using nuclear reactors to search for a value of $\theta_{13}$} (2004), http://www.hep.anl.gov/minos/reactor13/reactor13.pdf (unpublished); 
+F.~Arbelier \etal, \textsl{Letter of Intend for Double-CHOOZ}, arXiv:hep-ex/0405032 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{BETABEAM}
+P. Zucchelli, \PL B \textbf{532}, 166 (2002) 
+
+\bibitem{NOVA}
+I. Ambats \etal,  NO$\nu$A proposal FNAL P929, 2004 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{T2K}
+Y. Itow, KEK report 2001-4, ICRR-report-477-2001-7, TRI-PP-01-05 (unpublished),
+see also arXiv:hep-ex/0106019
+
+\bibitem{BNLHS}
+M. V. Diwan, \PR D {\bf 68}, 012002 (2003)
+
+\bibitem{CERN}
+A. Blondel \etal, CERN-2004-002 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{DONINI}
+A. Donini \etal, IFT-UAM/CSIC-04-30, 2004 (unpublished);
+see also arXiv:hep-ph/0406132
+
+\bibitem{DOUBLE-CHOOZ}
+F. Dalnoki-Veress, the Double-CHOOZ project arXiv:hep-ex/0406070 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{SPL}
+B. Autin \etal, CERN-2000-12 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{UNO} 
+The UNO whitepaper, \textsl{Physics Potential and Feasibility of UNO}, SBHEP01-3 (unpublished), see also http://ale.physics.sunysb.edu/uno/
+
+\bibitem{mosca}
+L. Mosca, Talk at the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004, see http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+
+\bibitem{Meer}
+S. van der Meer, CERN-Report No 61-7, 1961 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{nuFact134} 
+J.E. Campagne and A. Cazes, CERN-NUFACT-Note-134, 2003 (unpublished), see http://slac.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/\\
+NFNotes.html
+
+\bibitem{MMWPSCazes} 
+J.E. Campagne and A. Cazes, Poster session at the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004,
+see http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+
+\bibitem{JJG}
+J.J. G\'omez Gadenas \etal,  IFIC/01-31, 2001 (unpublished),
+see also arXiv:hep-ph/0105297
+
+\bibitem{Mezzetto}
+M. Mezzetto,  \jpg {\bf 29}, 1781-1784 (2003),
+see also arXiv:hep-ex/0302005
+
+
+\bibitem{nuFact138} 
+J.E. Campagne, CERN-NUFACT-Note-138, 2004 (unpublished), see
+ http://slap.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/\\ NFNotes.html
+
+\bibitem{fluka}
+A. Fasso \etal, Proceedings of the MonteCarlo 2000 conference, Lisbon, October 26 2000, A. Kling \etal - eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin, p159-164 (2001);
+A. Fasso \etal, Proceedings of the MonteCarlo 2000 conference, Lisbon, October 26 2000, A. Kling \etal - eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin, p955-960 (2001)
+
+\bibitem{MMWPSGaroby} 
+R. Garoby, Talk at the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004, http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+
+\bibitem{harp}
+C. Catanesi \etal, CERN-SPSC 2002/019 (unpublished)
+
+\bibitem{minerva} 
+D. Drakoulakos \etal, Fermilab P-938 (unpublished),
+see also arXiv:hep-ex/405002
+
+\bibitem{MARS}
+N.V. Mokhov \etal, The MARS Code System User Guide, Version 13(95), Fermilab-FN-628 (1995);
+N.V. Mokhov  \etal, MARS oed Develepments, LANL Report LA-UR-98-5716 (1998), nucl-th/9812038 v2 16 December 1998, http://www-ap.fnal.gov/MARS/
+
+\bibitem{FLUKAprivate}
+G. Battistoni and A. Ferrari, \textsl{private communication}
+
+\bibitem{geant}
+Application Software group, Computing and Network Division \etal GEANT Description and Simulation Tool, CERN Geneva, Switzerland
+
+\bibitem{SIMONE1}
+S. Gilardoni, Talk at NuFact03 (2003), see http://www.cap.bnl.gov/nufact03/
+
+\bibitem{donega}
+A. Blondel \etal, CERN-NUFACT-Note-78, 2001 (unpublished), see
+ http://slap.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/\\ NFNotes.html
+
+\bibitem{MEZZETTONUFACT060}
+M. Mezzetto, CERN-NUFACT-Note-60, 2000 (unpublished), see
+ http://slap.web.cern.ch/slap/NuFact/NuFact/\\ NFNotes.html
+
+
+\bibitem{DONINI-2}
+A. Donini, D. Meloni and S. Rigolin, J. High Energy Phys. \textbf{0406}, 011 (2004),
+see also arXiv:hep-ph/0312072
+
+\bibitem{NUANCE}
+D. Casper, \textsl{ Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl.} \textbf{112}, 161-170 (2002),
+see also arXiv:hep-ph/0208030
+
+
+\bibitem{KAMLAND}
+G. Gratta, in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+
+\bibitem{MIGLIOZZITERANOVA}
+M. Komatsu, P Migliozzi and F. Terranova,  \jpg {\bf 29}, 443 (2003); see also arXiv:hep-ph/0210043
+
+\bibitem{KOBAYASHI}
+T. Kobayashi, in \textit{Proceedings of the International Conference NEUTRINO 2004},  to be published in \NP B (Proceedings Supplement)
+
+\bibitem{BNL}
+ M.V. Diwan \etal, \PR D \textbf{68}, 012002 (2003); see also figure~8 of 
+arXiv:hep-ph/0303081
+
+\bibitem{MAOROPRIVATE}
+M. Mezzetto, \textsl{private communication}: the corresponding $\theta_{13}$ limit is $3.4^o$.
+
+\bibitem{GEANT4}
+A. Agostinelli \etal, \NIM A \textbf{506}, 250-503 (2003) 
+
+\bibitem{BIGICARUS}
+A. Ereditato and A. Rubia, Talk at the Physics with a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source Workshop at CERN 25-27 May 2004, see http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/
+
+\bibitem{Gaisser}
+T.K. Gaisser, \textsl{Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics} (Cambridge University Press, 1990)  
+
+\bibitem{picasso}
+F. Combley and E. Picasso, \textsl{Phys. Rept.} {\bf 14}, 1 (1974) 
+
+\bibitem{pdg}
+K. Hagiwara \etal,  \PR D {\bf 66},  010001 (2002)
+
+
+%
+\end{thebibliography}
+%
+\end{document}
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tps
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tps	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/SPLFrejus.tps	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+[FormatInfo]
+Type=TeXnicCenterProjectSessionInformation
+Version=1
+
+[SessionInfo]
+ActiveTab=0
+FrameCount=2
+
+[Frame0]
+Columns=1
+Rows=1
+Flags=0
+ShowCmd=1
+MinPos.x=-1
+MinPos.y=-1
+MaxPos.x=-4
+MaxPos.y=-30
+NormalPos.left=0
+NormalPos.top=0
+NormalPos.right=682
+NormalPos.bottom=249
+Class=CLatexEdit
+Document=C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\NuFact05.tex
+
+[Frame0_Row0]
+cyCur=194
+cyMin=10
+
+[Frame0_Col0]
+cxCur=653
+cxMin=10
+
+[Frame0_View0,0]
+Cursor.row=0
+Cursor.column=0
+TopSubLine=0
+
+[Frame1]
+Columns=1
+Rows=1
+Flags=2
+ShowCmd=3
+MinPos.x=-1
+MinPos.y=-1
+MaxPos.x=-4
+MaxPos.y=-30
+NormalPos.left=0
+NormalPos.top=0
+NormalPos.right=682
+NormalPos.bottom=249
+Class=CLatexEdit
+Document=C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\NuFact05.tex
+
+[Frame1_Row0]
+cyCur=528
+cyMin=10
+
+[Frame1_Col0]
+cxCur=995
+cxMin=10
+
+[Frame1_View0,0]
+Cursor.row=0
+Cursor.column=0
+TopSubLine=0
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/ascii.tab
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/ascii.tab	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/ascii.tab	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+% Upper-case    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
+% Lower-case    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
+% Digits        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+% Exclamation   !           Double quote "          Hash (number) #
+% Dollar        $           Percent      %          Ampersand     &
+% Acute accent  '           Left paren   (          Right paren   )
+% Asterisk      *           Plus         +          Comma         ,
+% Minus         -           Point        .          Solidus       /
+% Colon         :           Semicolon    ;          Less than     <
+% Equals        =           Greater than >          Question mark ?
+% At            @           Left bracket [          Backslash     \
+% Right bracket ]           Circumflex   ^          Underscore    _
+% Grave accent  `           Left brace   {          Vertical bar  |
+% Right brace   }           Tilde        ~
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.aux
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.aux	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.aux	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+\relax 
+\citation{Scho70,Mazu84}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}FORMAT}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}Spacing}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2}Fonts}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}PRINTOUT}{1}}
+\citation{Eato75}
+\citation{v18}
+\citation{Eato75}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Tables}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Useful table packages}{2}}
+\newlabel{RF1}{{3.1}{2}}
+\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces The next-to-leading order (NLO) results {\em  without} the pion field.}}{2}}
+\newlabel{table:2}{{2}{2}}
+\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces The next-to-leading order (NLO) results {\em  without} the pion field.}}{3}}
+\newlabel{table:1}{{1}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Line drawings}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}PostScript figures}{3}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Good sharp prints should be used and not (distorted) photocopies.}}{4}}
+\newlabel{fig:largenenough}{{1}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Black and white photographs}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Colour photographs}{4}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Remember to keep details clear and large enough.}}{4}}
+\newlabel{fig:toosmall}{{2}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}EQUATIONS}{4}}
+\bibcite{Scho70}{1}
+\bibcite{Mazu84}{2}
+\bibcite{Dimi75}{3}
+\bibcite{Eato75}{4}
+\citation{Scho70,Mazu84,Dimi75,Eato75}
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.blg
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.blg	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.blg	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+This is BibTeX, Version 0.99cThe top-level auxiliary file: C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\espcrc2.aux
+I found no \bibdata command---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\espcrc2.aux
+I found no \bibstyle command---while reading file C:\Presentation\Corne\NuFactSB\NuFact05\espcrc2.aux
+(There were 2 error messages)
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.log
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.log	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.log	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.7.19)  18 JUL 2005 14:07
+entering extended mode
+**espcrc2.tex
+(espcrc2.tex
+LaTeX2e <2003/12/01>
+Babel <v3.8a> and hyphenation patterns for english, french, german, ngerman, du
+mylang, nohyphenation, loaded.
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\article.cls
+Document Class: article 2004/02/16 v1.4f Standard LaTeX document class
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\fleqn.clo
+File: fleqn.clo 1998/08/17 v1.1c Standard LaTeX option (flush left equations)
+\mathindent=\dimen102
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\size10.clo
+File: size10.clo 2004/02/16 v1.4f Standard LaTeX file (size option)
+)
+\c@part=\count79
+\c@section=\count80
+\c@subsection=\count81
+\c@subsubsection=\count82
+\c@paragraph=\count83
+\c@subparagraph=\count84
+\c@figure=\count85
+\c@table=\count86
+\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
+\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
+\bibindent=\dimen103
+) (espcrc2.sty
+Document-style option `espcrc2' v2.8  <2000/07/24>
+\@bls=\dimen104
+\@eps=\dimen105
+\fm@box=\box26
+\c@address=\count87
+\abstract@box=\box27
+\@tempcntc=\count88
+) (C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\graphicx.sty
+Package: graphicx 1999/02/16 v1.0f Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\keyval.sty
+Package: keyval 1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)
+\KV@toks@=\toks14
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\graphics.sty
+Package: graphics 2001/07/07 v1.0n Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\trig.sty
+Package: trig 1999/03/16 v1.09 sin cos tan (DPC)
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\00miktex\graphics.cfg
+File: graphics.cfg 2003/03/12 v1.1 MiKTeX 'graphics' configuration
+)
+Package graphics Info: Driver file: dvips.def on input line 80.
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\graphics\dvips.def
+File: dvips.def 1999/02/16 v3.0i Driver-dependant file (DPC,SPQR)
+))
+\Gin@req@height=\dimen106
+\Gin@req@width=\dimen107
+)
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\rotating\rotating.sty
+Package: rotating 1997/09/26 v2.13 Rotation package
+
+(C:\Program Files\MikTex\tex\latex\base\ifthen.sty
+Package: ifthen 2001/05/26 v1.1c Standard LaTeX ifthen package (DPC)
+)
+\c@r@tfl@t=\count89
+\rot@float@box=\box28
+) (espcrc2.aux)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 50.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <9> on input line 55.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <6> on input line 55.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <5> on input line 55.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <14.4> on input line 61.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <7> on input line 61.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <8> on input line 61.
+ [1
+
+
+]
+
+LaTeX Warning: Citation `v18' on page 2 undefined on input line 170.
+
+Adding sideways figure on  right hand page [2]
+LaTeX Font Info:    Font shape `OT1/cmtt/bx/n' in size <10> not available
+(Font)              Font shape `OT1/cmtt/m/n' tried instead on input line 210.
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 4072) in paragraph at lines 217--219
+[][]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Define your own type of col-umn.
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 220--222
+[][]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Smart col-umn width cal-cu-la-tion
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 1043) in paragraph at lines 235--241
+[][]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Line draw-ings may con-sist of laser-printed
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 1769) in paragraph at lines 252--260
+[][]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Instead of pro-vid-ing sep-a-rate draw-ings or
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 3354) in paragraph at lines 261--267
+[]\OT1/cmtt/m/n/10 \includegraphics{file}\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 , which in-serts the
+ []
+
+
+Overfull \hbox (18.35239pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 268--276
+[] 
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \vbox (badness 10000) has occurred while \output is active []
+
+ [3]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2310) in paragraph at lines 277--280
+[][]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 See the file \OT1/cmtt/m/n/10 grfguide\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 , sec
+-tion ``In-clud-ing
+ []
+
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 1092) in paragraph at lines 312--321
+\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 print-ing of colour will be passed on to the
+ []
+
+[4] [5
+
+] (espcrc2.aux)
+
+LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right.
+
+ ) 
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 751 strings out of 95897
+ 7941 string characters out of 1194805
+ 62448 words of memory out of 1057521
+ 3779 multiletter control sequences out of 35000
+ 8631 words of font info for 31 fonts, out of 500000 for 1000
+ 21 hyphenation exceptions out of 607
+ 25i,12n,24p,219b,300s stack positions out of 1500i,500n,5000p,200000b,32768s
+
+Output written on espcrc2.dvi (5 pages, 20596 bytes).
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.sty
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.sty	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.sty	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+%%%%%%%%%% espcrc2.sty %%%%%%%%%%
+% C(amera) R(eady) C(opy) document-style option. (two-column format).
+% $Revision: 2.8$, $Date: 2000/07/24 09:12:51$
+% To be used with LaTeX version 2.09 (14 January 1992 or later), or LaTeX2e.
+%
+% Copyright (C) 1992 by Elsevier Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
+%
+% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+%
+% You are not allowed to change this file. You may however copy this file 
+% to a file with a different name and then change the copy. 
+% 
+% You are NOT ALLOWED to distribute this file alone. You are NOT ALLOWED 
+% to take money for the distribution or use of this file (or a changed 
+% version) except for a nominal charge for copying etc. 
+% 
+% You are allowed to distribute this file under the condition that it is 
+% distributed together with espcrc2.tex.
+% 
+% If you receive only this file from someone, complain! 
+%
+%
+%
+% Usage: \documentclass[fleqn,twoside]{article}
+% \usepackage{espcrc2}
+%
+\def\readRCS$#1: #2 #3 #4 #5${%
+ \def\filename{#2}%
+ \def\fileversion{#3}%
+ \def\filedate{#4}%
+}
+\readRCS
+$Id: espcrc2.sty 2.8 2000/07/24 09:12:51 spepping Exp spepping $
+
+\typeout{Document-style option `espcrc2' v\fileversion \space\space
+         <\filedate>}
+
+% SIDE MARGINS:                   
+\oddsidemargin  -4mm              % Left margin on odd-numbered pages.
+\evensidemargin  4mm              % Left margin on even-numbered pages.
+
+% VERTICAL SPACING:        
+\topmargin      16mm              % Nominal distance from top of page to top 
+                                  % of box containing running head.
+\headheight     13mm              % No running headline, and no
+\headsep        21pt              % space between running headline and text.
+\footskip       30pt              % Baseline-baseline distance between
+                                  % running footline and last line of text.
+
+% DIMENSION OF TEXT:
+\textheight 202mm                 % Height of text part of page
+\textwidth 160mm                  % Width of text part of page, i.e of line
+
+\columnsep 10mm                   % Horizontal space between columns
+\columnseprule 0pt                % No vertical rule between columns
+
+% PARAGRAPHING
+\parskip 0pt                      % No extra vertical space between paragraphs.
+\parindent 1em                    % Width of paragraph indentation.
+
+% SECTIONAL UNITS:
+\newdimen\@bls                    % \@b(ase)l(ine)s(kip)
+\@bls=\baselineskip               % \@bls ~= \baselineskip for \normalsize
+\advance\@bls -1ex                % (fudge term)
+\newdimen\@eps                    %
+\@eps=0.0001pt                    % \eps = very small positive quantity
+
+\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}
+  {1.5\@bls plus 0.5\@bls}{1\@bls}{\normalsize\bf}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}
+  {1\@bls plus 0.25\@bls}{\@eps}{\normalsize\bf}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}
+  {1\@bls plus 0.25\@bls}{\@eps}{\normalsize\bf}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\parindent}
+  {1\@bls plus 0.25\@bls}{0.5em}{\normalsize\bf}}
+\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{4}{\parindent}
+  {1\@bls plus 0.25\@bls}{0.5em}{\normalsize\bf}}
+
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+  \def\@svsec{}\else 
+  \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname.\hskip0.5em}\fi
+  \@tempskipa #5\relax
+  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+    \begingroup 
+      #6\relax
+      \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}%
+    \endgroup
+    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
+      {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi #7}%
+  \else
+    \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
+      {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi #7}}%
+  \fi \@xsect{#5}}
+
+% FIGURES AND TABLES
+\long\def\@makefigurecaption#1#2{\vskip 2mm #1. #2\par}
+
+\long\def\@maketablecaption#1#2{\hbox to \hsize{\parbox[t]{\hsize}
+  {#1 \\ #2}}\vskip 0.3ex}
+
+\def\fnum@figure{Figure \thefigure}
+\def\figure{\let\@makecaption\@makefigurecaption \@float{figure}}
+\@namedef{figure*}{\let\@makecaption\@makefigurecaption \@dblfloat{figure}}
+
+% \def\fnum@table{Table \thetable}
+\def\table{\let\@makecaption\@maketablecaption \@float{table}}
+\@namedef{table*}{\let\@makecaption\@maketablecaption \@dblfloat{table}}
+
+\floatsep 10mm plus 4pt minus 4pt % Space between adjacent floats moved
+                                  % to top or bottom of text page.
+\textfloatsep=\floatsep           % Space between main text and floats
+                                  % at top or bottom of page.
+\intextsep=\floatsep              % Space between in-text figures and 
+                                  % text.
+
+% FOOTNOTE
+\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent\hbox{${}^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}
+
+% EQUATION
+\mathindent=0em
+
+% TITLE
+\def\maketitle{\begingroup        % Initialize generation of front-matter
+%   \let\thanks\@gobble
+    \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
+    \newpage \global\@topnum\z@ 
+    \@maketitle \@thanks
+  \endgroup
+  \let\maketitle\relax \let\@maketitle\relax
+  \gdef\@thanks{}\let\thanks\relax
+  \gdef\@address{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\address\relax}
+
+\def\justify@on{\let\\=\@normalcr
+  \leftskip\z@ \@rightskip\z@ \rightskip\@rightskip}
+
+\newbox\fm@box                    % Box to capture front-matter in
+
+\def\@maketitle{%                 % Actual formatting of \maketitle
+  \global\setbox\fm@box=\vbox\bgroup
+    \vskip 8mm                    % 930715: 8mm white space above title
+    \raggedright                  % Front-matter text is ragged right
+    \hyphenpenalty\@M             % and is not hyphenated.
+    {\Large \@title \par}         % Title set in larger font. 
+    \vskip\@bls                   % One line of vertical space after title.
+    {\normalsize                  % each author set in the normal 
+     \@author \par}               % typeface size 
+    \vskip\@bls                   % One line of vertical space after author(s).
+    \@address                     % all addresses
+  \egroup
+  \twocolumn[%                    % Front-matter text is over 2 columns.
+    \unvbox\fm@box                % Unwrap contents of front-matter box
+    \vskip\@bls                   % add 1 line of vertical space, 
+    \unvbox\abstract@box          % unwrap contents of abstract boxes,
+    \vskip 2pc]}                  % and add 2pc of vertical space
+
+\newcounter{address} 
+\def\theaddress{\alph{address}}
+\def\@makeadmark#1{\hbox{$^{\rm #1}$}}   
+
+\def\address{\stepcounter{address}\addressmark
+  \@ifnextchar[\@markaddress\@addtoaddress}
+\def\@markaddress[#1]{%
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname mkad@#1\endcsname{\theaddress}%
+  \@addtoaddress}
+\def\@addtoaddress#1{\begingroup
+  \xdef\@tempa{\theaddress}\let\\=\relax
+  \def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\xdef\@address{\@address
+  \protect\addresstext{\@tempa}{#1}}\endgroup}
+\def\@address{}
+
+\def\addressmark{\@ifnextchar[\@markedaddressmark
+  {\xdef\@tempb{\theaddress}\@makeadmark{\@tempb}}}
+\def\@markedaddressmark[#1]{\xdef\@tempb{\csname mkad@#1\endcsname}%
+  \@makeadmark{\@tempb}}
+
+\def\addresstext#1#2{\leavevmode \begingroup
+  \raggedright \hyphenpenalty\@M \@makeadmark{#1}#2\par \endgroup
+  \vskip\@bls}
+
+% ABSTRACT:
+\newbox\abstract@box              % Box to capture abstract in
+
+\def\abstract{%
+  \global\setbox\abstract@box=\vbox\bgroup
+  \small\rm
+  \ignorespaces}
+\def\endabstract{\par \egroup}
+
+% BIBLIOGRAPHY
+\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{REFERENCES}\list{\arabic{enumi}.}
+  {\settowidth\labelwidth{#1.}\leftmargin=1.67em
+   \labelsep\leftmargin \advance\labelsep-\labelwidth
+   \itemsep\z@ \parsep\z@
+   \usecounter{enumi}}\def\makelabel##1{\rlap{##1}\hss}%
+   \def\newblock{\hskip 0.11em plus 0.33em minus -0.07em}
+   \sloppy \clubpenalty=4000 \widowpenalty=4000 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+
+% Collapse citation numbers to ranges.  
+\newcount\@tempcntc
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
+  \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
+    {\@ifundefined
+       {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea
+        \def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }{\bf ?}\@warning
+       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+    {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
+     \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
+       \@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m}
+       \hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
+     \else
+      \advance\@tempcntb\@ne
+      \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
+      \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
+      \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
+
+\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else\@citea
+  \def\@citea{,\penalty\@m}%
+  \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
+   {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else
+\def\@citea{--}\fi
+    \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
+
+% PAGE STYLES
+\def\ps@crcplain{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+     \def\@oddhead{\reset@font{\sl\rightmark}\hfil \rm\thepage}%
+     \def\@evenhead{\reset@font\rm \thepage\hfil\sl\leftmark}%
+     \let\@oddfoot\@empty
+     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+
+% INITIALIZATION
+% \twocolumn                    % Formatting is in 2 columns, with
+\sloppy                         % paragraphs that can be loosely set,
+\emergencystretch=1pc           % (with 1 pc extra for emergencies),
+\flushbottom                    % and pages of equal length
+\ps@crcplain                    % modified 'plain' page style
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.tex
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.tex	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/espcrc2.tex	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+%%%%%%%%%% espcrc2.tex %%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% $Id: espcrc2.tex 1.2 2000/07/24 09:12:51 spepping Exp spepping $
+%
+\documentclass[fleqn,twoside]{article}
+\usepackage{espcrc2}
+
+% change this to the following line for use with LaTeX2.09
+% \documentstyle[twoside,fleqn,espcrc2]{article}
+
+% if you want to include PostScript figures
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+% if you have landscape tables
+\usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}
+
+% put your own definitions here:
+%   \newcommand{\cZ}{\cal{Z}}
+%   \newtheorem{def}{Definition}[section]
+%   ...
+\newcommand{\ttbs}{\char'134}
+\newcommand{\AmS}{{\protect\the\textfont2
+  A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{M}\kern-.125emS}}
+
+% add words to TeX's hyphenation exception list
+\hyphenation{author another created financial paper re-commend-ed Post-Script}
+
+% declarations for front matter
+       
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+These pages provide you with an example of the layout and style for
+100\% reproduction which we wish you to adopt during the preparation of
+your paper. This is the output from the \LaTeX{} document class you
+requested.
+\vspace{1pc}
+\end{abstract}
+
+% typeset front matter (including abstract)
+\maketitle
+
+\section{FORMAT}
+
+Text should be produced within the dimensions shown on these pages:
+each column 7.5 cm wide with 1 cm middle margin, total width of 16 cm
+and a maximum length of 19.5 cm on first pages and 21 cm on second and
+following pages. The \LaTeX{} document class uses the maximum stipulated
+length apart from the following two exceptions (i) \LaTeX{} does not
+begin a new section directly at the bottom of a page, but transfers the
+heading to the top of the next page; (ii) \LaTeX{} never (well, hardly
+ever) exceeds the length of the text area in order to complete a
+section of text or a paragraph. Here are some references:
+\cite{Scho70,Mazu84}.
+
+\subsection{Spacing}
+
+We normally recommend the use of 1.0 (single) line spacing. However,
+when typing complicated mathematical text \LaTeX{} automatically
+increases the space between text lines in order to prevent sub- and
+superscript fonts overlapping one another and making your printed
+matter illegible.
+
+\subsection{Fonts}
+
+These instructions have been produced using a 10 point Computer Modern
+Roman. Other recommended fonts are 10 point Times Roman, New Century
+Schoolbook, Bookman Light and Palatino.
+
+\section{PRINTOUT}
+
+The most suitable printer is a laser or an inkjet printer. A dot
+matrix printer should only be used if it possesses an 18 or 24 pin
+printhead (``letter-quality'').
+
+The printout submitted should be an original; a photocopy is not
+acceptable. Please make use of good quality plain white A4 (or US
+Letter) paper size. {\em The dimensions shown here should be strictly
+adhered to: do not make changes to these dimensions, which are
+determined by the document class}. The document class leaves at least
+3~cm at the top of the page before the head, which contains the page
+number.
+
+Printers sometimes produce text which contains light and dark streaks,
+or has considerable lighting variation either between left-hand and
+right-hand margins or between text heads and bottoms. To achieve
+optimal reproduction quality, the contrast of text lettering must be
+uniform, sharp and dark over the whole page and throughout the article.
+
+If corrections are made to the text, print completely new replacement
+pages. The contrast on these pages should be consistent with the rest
+of the paper as should text dimensions and font sizes.
+
+\section{TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS}
+
+Tables should be made with \LaTeX; illustrations should be originals or
+sharp prints. They should be arranged throughout the text and
+preferably be included {\em on the same page as they are first
+discussed}. They should have a self-contained caption and be positioned
+in flush-left alignment with the text margin within the column. If they
+do not fit into one column they may be placed across both columns
+(using \verb-\begin{table*}- or \verb-\begin{figure*}- so that they
+appear at the top of a page).
+
+\subsection{Tables}
+
+Tables should be presented in the form shown in
+Table~\ref{table:1}.  Their layout should be consistent
+throughout.
+
+\begin{table*}[htb]
+\caption{The next-to-leading order (NLO) results
+{\em without} the pion field.}
+\label{table:1}
+\newcommand{\m}{\hphantom{$-$}}
+\newcommand{\cc}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}
+\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{2pc} % enlarge column spacing
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} % enlarge line spacing
+\begin{tabular}{@{}lllll}
+\hline
+$\Lambda$ (MeV)           & \cc{$140$} & \cc{$150$} & \cc{$175$} & \cc{$200$} \\
+\hline
+$r_d$ (fm)                & \m1.973 & \m1.972 & \m1.974 & \m1.978 \\
+$Q_d$ ($\mbox{fm}^2$)     & \m0.259 & \m0.268 & \m0.287 & \m0.302 \\
+$P_D$ (\%)                & \m2.32  & \m2.83  & \m4.34  & \m6.14  \\
+$\mu_d$                   & \m0.867 & \m0.864 & \m0.855 & \m0.845 \\
+$\mathcal{M}_{\mathrm{M1}}$ (fm)   & \m3.995 & \m3.989 & \m3.973 & \m3.955 \\
+$\mathcal{M}_{\mathrm{GT}}$ (fm)   & \m4.887 & \m4.881 & \m4.864 & \m4.846 \\
+$\delta_{\mathrm{1B}}^{\mathrm{VP}}$ (\%)   
+                          & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ \\
+$\delta_{\mathrm{1B}}^{\mathrm{C2:C}}$ (\%) 
+                          & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & \m0.03  \\
+$\delta_{\mathrm{1B}}^{\mathrm{C2:N}}$ (\%) 
+                          & $-0.19$ & $-0.19$ & $-0.18$ & $-0.15$ \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}\\[2pt]
+The experimental values are given in ref. \cite{Eato75}.
+\end{table*}
+
+\begin{sidewaystable}
+\caption{The next-to-leading order (NLO) results
+{\em without} the pion field.}
+\label{table:2}
+\newcommand{\m}{\hphantom{$-$}}
+\newcommand{\cc}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} % enlarge line spacing
+\begin{tabular*}{\textheight}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}lllllllllllll}
+\hline
+& $\Lambda$ (MeV) & \cc{$140$} & \cc{$150$} & \cc{$175$} & \cc{$200$} & \cc{$225$} & \cc{$250$} &
+\cc{Exp.} & \cc{$v_{18}$~\cite{v18}} &  \\
+\hline
+%b
+ & $r_d$ (fm)                        & \m1.973 & \m1.972 & \m1.974 & \m1.978 & \m1.983 & \m1.987 & 1.966(7) & \m1.967 & \\[2pt]
+ & $Q_d$ ($\mbox{fm}^2$)             & \m0.259 & \m0.268 & \m0.287 & \m0.302 & \m0.312 & \m0.319 & 0.286    & \m0.270 & \\[2pt]
+ & $P_D$ (\%)                        & \m2.32  & \m2.83  & \m4.34  & \m6.14  & \m8.09  & \m9.90  & $-$      & \m5.76  & \\[2pt]
+ & $\mu_d$                           & \m0.867 & \m0.864 & \m0.855 & \m0.845 & \m0.834 & \m0.823 & 0.8574   & \m0.847 & \\[5pt]
+ & $\mathcal{M}_{\mathrm{M1}}$ (fm)             & \m3.995 & \m3.989 & \m3.973 & \m3.955 & \m3.936 & \m3.918 & $-$      & \m3.979 & \\[5pt]
+ & $\mathcal{M}_{\mathrm{GT}}$ (fm)             & \m4.887 & \m4.881 & \m4.864 & \m4.846 & \m4.827 & \m4.810 & $-$      & \m4.859 & \\[2pt]
+ & $\delta_{\mathrm{1B}}^{\mathrm{VP}}$ (\%)   & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.44$ & $-$      & $-0.45$ & \\[2pt]
+ & $\delta_{\mathrm{1B}}^{\mathrm{C2:C}}$ (\%) & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & \m0.03  & $-$      & \m0.03  & \\[2pt]
+ & $\delta_{\mathrm{1B}}^{\mathrm{C2:N}}$ (\%) & $-0.19$ & $-0.19$ & $-0.18$ & $-0.15$ & $-0.12$ & $-0.10$ & $-$      & $-0.21$ & \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}\\[2pt]
+The experimental values are given in ref. \cite{Eato75}.
+\end{sidewaystable}
+
+Horizontal lines should be placed above and below table headings, above
+the subheadings and at the end of the table above any notes. Vertical
+lines should be avoided.
+
+If a table is too long to fit onto one page, the table number and
+headings should be repeated above the continuation of the table. For
+this you have to reset the table counter with
+\verb|\addtocounter{table}{-1}|. Alternatively, the table can be turned
+by $90^\circ$ (`landscape mode') and spread over two consecutive pages
+(first an even-numbered, then an odd-numbered one) created by means of
+\verb|\begin{table}[h]| without a caption. To do this, you prepare the
+table as a separate \LaTeX{} document and attach the tables to the
+empty pages with a few spots of suitable glue.
+
+\subsection{Useful table packages}
+
+Modern \LaTeX{} comes with several packages for tables that
+provide additional functionality. Below we mention a few. See
+the documentation of the individual packages for more details. The
+packages can be found in \LaTeX's \texttt{tools} directory.
+
+\begin{description}
+  
+\item[\texttt{array}] Various extensions to \LaTeX's \texttt{array}
+  and \texttt{tabular} environments.
+  
+\item[\texttt{longtable}] Automatically break tables over several
+  pages. Put the table in the \texttt{longtable} environment instead
+  of the \texttt{table} environment.
+  
+\item [\texttt{dcolumn}] Define your own type of column. Among others,
+  this is one way to obtain alignment on the decimal point.
+
+\item[\texttt{tabularx}] Smart column width calculation within a
+  specified table width.
+  
+\item[\texttt{rotating}] Print a page with a wide table or figure in
+  landscape orientation using the \texttt{sidewaystable} or
+  \texttt{sidewaysfigure} environments, and many other rotating
+  tricks. Use the package with the \texttt{figuresright} option to
+  make all tables and figures rotate in clockwise. Use the starred
+  form of the \texttt{sideways} environments to obtain full-width
+  tables or figures in a two-column article.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Line drawings}
+
+Line drawings may consist of laser-printed graphics or professionally
+drawn figures attached to the manuscript page. All figures should be
+clearly displayed by leaving at least one line of spacing above and
+below them. When placing a figure at the top of a page, the top of the
+figure should align with the bottom of the first text line of the other
+column.
+
+Do not use too light or too dark shading in your figures; too dark a
+shading may become too dense while a very light shading made of tiny
+points may fade away during reproduction.
+
+All notations and lettering should be no less than 2\,mm high. The use
+of heavy black, bold lettering should be avoided as this will look
+unpleasantly dark when printed.
+
+\subsection{PostScript figures}
+
+Instead of providing separate drawings or prints of the figures you
+may also use PostScript files which are included into your \LaTeX{}
+file and printed together with the text. Use one of the packages from
+\LaTeX's \texttt{graphics} directory: \texttt{graphics},
+\texttt{graphicx} or \texttt{epsfig}, with the \verb|\usepackage|
+command, and then use the appropriate commands
+(\verb|\includegraphics| or \verb|\epsfig|) to include your PostScript
+file.
+
+The simplest command is: \newline
+\verb|\includegraphics{file}|, which inserts the
+PostScript file \texttt{file} at its own size. The starred version of
+this command: \newline
+\verb|\includegraphics*{file}|, does the same, but clips
+the figure to its bounding box.
+
+With the \texttt{graphicx} package one may specify a series of options
+as a key--value list, e.g.:
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l}
+\verb|\includegraphics[width=15pc]{file}|\\
+\verb|\includegraphics[height=5pc]{file}|\\
+\verb|\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{file}|\\
+\verb|\includegraphics[angle=90,width=20pc]{file}|
+\end{tabular}
+
+See the file \texttt{grfguide}, section ``Including Graphics Files'',
+of the \texttt{graphics} distribution for all options and a detailed
+description.
+
+The \texttt{epsfig} package mimicks the commands familiar from the
+package with the same name in \LaTeX2.09. A PostScript file
+\texttt{file} is included with the command
+\verb|\psfig{file=file}|.
+
+Grey-scale and colour photographs cannot be included in this way,
+since reproduction from the printed CRC article would give
+insufficient typographical quality. See the following subsections.
+
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\vspace{9pt}
+\framebox[55mm]{\rule[-21mm]{0mm}{43mm}}
+\caption{Good sharp prints should be used and not (distorted) photocopies.}
+\label{fig:largenenough}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\framebox[55mm]{\rule[-21mm]{0mm}{43mm}}
+\caption{Remember to keep details clear and large enough.}
+\label{fig:toosmall}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsection{Black and white photographs}
+
+Photographs must always be sharp originals ({\em not screened
+versions\/}) and rich in contrast. They will undergo the same reduction
+as the text and should be pasted on your page in the same way as line
+drawings.
+
+\subsection{Colour photographs}
+
+Sharp originals ({\em not transparencies or slides\/}) should be
+submitted close to the size expected in publication. Charges for the
+processing and printing of colour will be passed on to the author(s) of
+the paper. As costs involved are per page, care should be taken in the
+selection of size and shape so that two or more illustrations may be
+fitted together on one page. Please contact the Author Support
+Department at Elsevier (E-mail: \texttt{authorsupport@elsevier.nl})
+for a price quotation and layout instructions before producing your
+paper in its final form.
+
+\section{EQUATIONS}
+
+Equations should be flush-left with the text margin; \LaTeX{} ensures
+that the equation is preceded and followed by one line of white space.
+\LaTeX{} provides the document class option {\tt fleqn} to get the
+flush-left effect.
+
+\begin{equation}
+H_{\alpha\beta}(\omega) = E_\alpha^{(0)}(\omega) \delta_{\alpha\beta} +
+                          \langle \alpha | W_\pi | \beta \rangle 
+\end{equation}
+
+You need not put in equation numbers, since this is taken care of
+automatically. The equation numbers are always consecutive and are
+printed in parentheses flush with the right-hand margin of the text and
+level with the last line of the equation. For multi-line equations, use
+the {\tt eqnarray} environment.
+
+For complex mathematics, use the \AmS math package. This package
+sets the math indentation to a positive value. To keep the equations
+flush left, either load the \texttt{espcrc} package \emph{after} the
+\AmS math package or set the command \verb|\mathindent=0pt| in the
+preamble of your article.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+\bibitem{Scho70} S. Scholes, Discuss. Faraday Soc. No. 50 (1970) 222.
+\bibitem{Mazu84} O.V. Mazurin and E.A. Porai-Koshits (eds.),
+                 Phase Separation in Glass, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984.
+\bibitem{Dimi75} Y. Dimitriev and E. Kashchieva, 
+                 J. Mater. Sci. 10 (1975) 1419.
+\bibitem{Eato75} D.L. Eaton, Porous Glass Support Material,
+                 US Patent No. 3 904 422 (1975).
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+References should be collected at the end of your paper. Do not begin
+them on a new page unless this is absolutely necessary. They should be
+prepared according to the sequential numeric system making sure that
+all material mentioned is generally available to the reader. Use
+\verb+\cite+ to refer to the entries in the bibliography so that your
+accumulated list corresponds to the citations made in the text body. 
+
+Above we have listed some references according to the
+sequential numeric system \cite{Scho70,Mazu84,Dimi75,Eato75}.
+\end{document}
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/readme2
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/readme2	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/readme2	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+This is the LaTeX package for the production of camera-ready copy for
+contributions to proceedings volumes and regular edited/contributed
+volumes in one-column format, published by Elsevier Science Publishers. 
+
+The package consists of the following two files
+
+- espcrc2.tex, a small sample article
+- espcrc2.sty
+
+Extract these files to the harddisk, and copy them to the directories
+appropriate for TeX. You can then run espcrc1.tex through LaTeX and
+inspect the result. This file can be used as a model for other articles.
+
+If you obtained this file from colleagues or from the net, please
+contact the publisher to verify that you have obtained the most recent
+version of it.
+
+The document style has been tested by a substantial number of authors
+and at present no errors are known. It can be used with LaTeX 2.09 (14
+January 1992 or later) and LaTeX2e. For advanced mathematics, we
+suggest to combine it with AMS-LaTeX.
+
+Should you have comments or questions (in case of UNCHANGED versions):
+please send them to the publisher.
+
+The ASCII table included in this package serves to detect any
+transmission errors that might occur when this file is sent with
+electronic mail.
+
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/svepj.clo
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/svepj.clo	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/svepj.clo	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+% SVJour DOCUMENT CLASS OPTION EPJ -- The European Physical Journal
+%
+% This is an enhancement for the
+% LaTeX document class for Springer journals (two column version)
+%
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+\ProvidesFile{svepj.clo}
+              [2002/03/11 v1.2
+      style option for The European Physical Journal]
+\typeout{SVJour Class option: svepj.clo for The European Physical Journal}
+\DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}}
+\let\if@nopacs\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{nopacs}{\let\if@nopacs\iftrue}
+\ExecuteOptions{final,twocolumn,10pt}
+\newif\if@normhead \@normheadtrue
+\def\hugehead{\@normheadfalse
+\let\ProcessRunnHead=\relax
+\onecolumn
+\let\thanks=\footnote
+\long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent\bibindent
+     \columnwidth\textwidth
+     \advance\columnwidth -\columnsep
+     \divide\columnwidth\tw@
+     \hsize\columnwidth
+     \linewidth\columnwidth
+     \noindent\hbox to\parindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}##1}%
+}
+\let\if@mathematic\iffalse
+% No size changing allowed, hence a copy of size10.clo is included
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{10.5dd}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+   \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\newcommand\small{%
+   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{10dd}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+               \itemsep0\p@}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\let\footnotesize\small
+\newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
+\newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
+\newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{13dd}}
+\newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{15dd}}
+\newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{17dd}}
+\newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
+\newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}
+%
+\setlength{\textwidth}{180mm}
+\setlength{\textheight}{56pc}
+%
+\def\epj@maketitle{\par
+\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname}
+\ch@ckobl{date}{the date of receipt and acceptance should be inserted
+later}
+\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{abstract}{Abstract is missing.}
+\begingroup
+%
+    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+    \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+    \def\switch@fnmark{\def\thefootnote{\mathrm{\alph{footnote}}}}
+%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip, \andname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax
+          \if@smartand
+             \ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}%
+                \lastand
+             \else
+                \unskip,
+             \fi
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+ \thispagestyle{empty}
+ \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+   \@maketitle
+ \else
+   \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+ \fi
+ \global\@topnum\z@
+ \if@normhead
+    \@thanks
+ \else
+    \twocolumn[\vspace{\@tempdima}]
+    \addtocounter{page}{-1}
+    \if!\the\authorrunning!
+       \authorrunning{ }%
+    \fi
+ \fi
+ \if!\@mail!\else
+    \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\
+    \ignorespaces\@mail}%
+ \fi
+%
+ \if@runhead
+    \ProcessRunnHead
+ \fi
+%
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+ \global\let\thanks\relax
+ \global\let\maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@thanks\@empty
+ \global\let\@author\@empty
+ \global\let\@date\@empty
+ \global\let\@title\@empty
+ \global\let\@subtitle\@empty
+ \global\let\title\relax
+ \global\let\author\relax
+ \global\let\date\relax
+ \global\let\and\relax}
+%
+\def\epj@@maketitle{\newpage
+ \normalfont
+ \vbox to0pt{\vskip-40pt
+ \nointerlineskip
+ \makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip
+ \if@normhead
+    \setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup
+ \fi
+ {\LARGE \sffamily\bfseries
+  \hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm
+ \if!\@headnote!\else
+   \noindent
+   {\LARGE\normalfont\itshape\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm
+ \fi
+  \noindent\ignorespaces
+  \@title \par}\vskip 11.24pt\relax
+ \authorfont
+ \if!\@subtitle!\else
+   {\large\sffamily\bfseries
+   \pretolerance=10000
+   \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm
+   \noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 11.24pt
+ \fi
+ \lineskip .5em
+ \switch@fnmark
+ \def\@makefnmark{$^{\mathrm\@thefnmark}$}%
+ \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks\protect\switch@fnmark}%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }%
+                \hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+ \value{inst}=\value{auth}%
+ \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm
+ \noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip7.23pt
+ \rightskip=0pt\relax
+ \small\rm
+ \institutename
+ \vskip 12.85pt
+ \leftskip=1.5cm\rightskip=\leftskip
+ \noindent\@date
+ \if!\@dedic!\else
+    \par
+    \normalsize\it
+    \addvspace\baselineskip
+    \noindent\@dedic
+ \fi
+ \vskip 12.85pt
+ {\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parsep=0pt\itemsep=0pt\relax
+  \def\pacsstart##1##2{##1\hskip5pt plus2ptminus2pt##2}%
+  \def\and##1##2{\unskip\ -- ##1\hskip5pt plus2ptminus2pt##2}%
+  \trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
+  {\sffamily\bfseries\abstractname}]%
+  \leftskip=1.5cm\rightskip=\leftskip
+  \@abstract
+  \if@nopacs\else
+     \ch@ckobl{PACS}{{XX.XX.XX}{No PACS code given}}%
+     \@@PACS
+  \fi
+  \endtrivlist}%
+ \if@normhead
+    \egroup % end of header box
+    \@tempdima=\headerboxheight
+    \advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun
+    \ifdim\@tempdima>0pt
+       \vrule width0pt height\@tempdima
+    \fi
+    \unvbox\authrun
+    \global\@minipagetrue
+    \global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}}
+ \else
+    \typeout{\the\c@auth\space author names and}
+    \typeout{\the\c@inst\space institutes processed}
+    \global\@tempdima=\pagetotal
+    \global\advance\@tempdima by22.47pt
+ \fi
+ \vskip22.47pt
+}
+%
+\def\PACS#1{\gdef\@PACS{#1}}
+\def\@@PACS{\par\addvspace\baselineskip\noindent{\sffamily\bfseries
+PACS.\enspace}\ignorespaces\expandafter\pacsstart\@PACS\par}
+%
+\def\epjabstract#1{\gdef\@abstract{#1}}
+%
+\def\epjrunnhead{%
+    \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+    \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+    \instindent=\textwidth
+    \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+    \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+      \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+    \fi
+    \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\ignorespaces\@title}%
+    \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+       \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Title too long for running head.}%
+       \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning
+                \space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+       \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+       Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+    \fi
+    \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+%
+    \if!\the\authorrunning!
+    \else
+      \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+      \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+    \fi
+    \ifnum\value{auth}>2
+       \def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{%
+       \protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else\ et al.\fi}}%
+       \expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor
+    \else
+       \gdef\and{\unskip, \ignorespaces}%
+       {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+       \protected@xdef\@author{\@author}}
+    \fi
+    \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\ignorespaces
+                                 \@author\unskip: \unhbox\titrun}%
+    \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+    \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: The running head built automatically from
+             \string\author\space and \string\title
+             ^^Jexceeds the pagewidth, please supply a shorter form
+             ^^Jwith \string\authorrunning\space and
+             \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+    \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm Please give a shorter version
+          with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space and
+             \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}}%
+    \fi
+    \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
+    \markboth{\@author}{\@author}%
+}
+%
+\AtEndOfClass{\let\ackname\@empty
+\let\if@runhead\iftrue
+\let\if@smartand\iftrue
+\let\@maketitle=\epj@@maketitle
+\let\maketitle=\epj@maketitle
+\let\ProcessRunnHead=\epjrunnhead
+\let\abstract=\epjabstract
+\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark\hfil}%
+\def\@oddhead{\small\hfil\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}%
+\def\sectcounterend{}
+\setlength\columnsep{4mm}
+\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+    {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+     minus4pt}{\large\sffamily\bfseries}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+    {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+     minus4pt}{\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+    {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+     minus4pt}{\normalsize\sffamily}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{subsubsection}{4}{\z@}%
+    {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-1pt}{\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries}}
+\def\authorfont{\rmfamily}
+\def\leftlegendglue{\hfil}
+\journalname{EPJ}}
+%%
+%% End of copy of file `svepj.clo'.
+\endinput
Index: /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/svjour.cls
===================================================================
--- /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/svjour.cls	(revision 400)
+++ /Backup NB/Talks/NuFact05/svjour.cls	(revision 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,1241 @@
+% SVJour DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 1.11 for LaTeX2e
+%
+% LaTeX document class for Springer journals
+%
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{svjour}[2003/04/15
+^^JLaTeX document class for Springer journals - version 1.11]
+\newcommand\@ptsize{}
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\newif\if@titlepage
+\@titlepagefalse
+\DeclareOption{a4paper}
+   {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
+    \setlength\paperwidth  {210mm}}
+\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue}
+\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
+\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
+\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
+\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}\AtEndOfClass{\mathindent\z@}}
+\let\if@mathematic\iftrue
+\let\if@numbook\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{numbook}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue
+  \AtEndOfPackage{%
+   \renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\@arabic\c@figure}%
+   \renewcommand\thetable{\thesection.\@arabic\c@table}%
+   \renewcommand\theequation{\thesection.\@arabic\c@equation}%
+   \@addtoreset{figure}{section}%
+   \@addtoreset{table}{section}%
+   \@addtoreset{equation}{section}%
+  }%
+}
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{%
+  \AtEndOfPackage{%
+   \renewcommand\@openbib@code{%
+      \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
+      \itemindent -\bibindent
+      \listparindent \itemindent
+      \parsep \z@
+      }%
+   \renewcommand\newblock{\par}}%
+}
+%
+\let\if@runhead\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}
+\let\if@smartrunh\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{smartrunhead}{\let\if@smartrunh\iftrue}
+\DeclareOption{nosmartrunhead}{\let\if@smartrunh\iffalse}
+\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
+\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
+\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}
+\let\if@referee\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue}
+\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}}
+\let\if@instindent\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{instindent}{\let\if@instindent\iftrue}
+\let\if@smartand\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{smartand}{\let\if@smartand\iftrue}
+\let\if@spthms\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse}
+\let\switch@texts\relax
+\DeclareOption{deutsch}{\def\switch@texts{\ds@deutsch}}
+\DeclareOption{francais}{\def\switch@texts{\ds@francais}}
+%
+\let\journalopt\@empty
+\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{sv\CurrentOption.clo}{%
+\let\journalopt\CurrentOption}{%
+\ClassWarning{Springer-SVJour}{Specified option or subpackage
+"\CurrentOption" not found -}\OptionNotUsed}}
+\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,twoside,10pt,instindent}
+\ProcessOptions
+\ifx\journalopt\@empty
+\ClassError{Springer-SVJour}{No valid journal specified in option list}{}
+\expandafter\stop
+\fi
+%
+\if@smartrunh\AtEndDocument{\islastpageeven\getlastpagenumber}\fi
+%
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}
+%
+\setlength\parindent{15\p@}
+\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\headheight{12\p@}
+\setlength\headsep   {16.74dd}
+\setlength\topskip   {10\p@}
+\setlength\footskip{30\p@}
+\setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip}
+%
+\@settopoint\textwidth
+\setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}
+\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}
+\setlength\topmargin{-10pt}
+\if@twocolumn
+   \setlength\oddsidemargin {-30\p@}
+   \setlength\evensidemargin{-30\p@}
+\else
+   \setlength\oddsidemargin {\z@}
+   \setlength\evensidemargin{\z@}
+\fi
+\setlength\marginparwidth  {48\p@}
+\setlength\footnotesep{8\p@}
+\setlength{\skip\footins}{9\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\floatsep    {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\intextsep   {20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\dblfloatsep    {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\@fptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfpsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+            \parsep \z@
+            \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+            \itemsep\parsep}
+\let\@listI\@listi
+\@listi
+\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+              \topsep    \z@
+              \parsep    \topsep
+              \itemsep   \parsep}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+              \topsep    \z@
+              \parsep    \topsep
+              \itemsep   \parsep}
+\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listv  {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginv
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+%
+\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
+\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
+\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
+\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
+\@lowpenalty   51
+\@medpenalty  151
+\@highpenalty 301
+\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
+\renewcommand\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
+\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.7}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
+\renewcommand\textfraction{.1}
+\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.85}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{3}
+\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.85}
+\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.85}
+\def\ps@headings{%
+    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+    \def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark\unskip}%
+    \def\@oddhead{\small\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}%
+    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+    \let\subsectionmark\@gobble
+    }
+% make indentations changeable
+\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \leftmargini\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \leftmarginii\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\z@
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+% labels of description
+\def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil}
+% adjusted environment "description"
+% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
+% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
+% throughout the current list.
+\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
+          \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
+\let\enddescription\endlist
+%
+\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\@describe[#1]{\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
+\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
+\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
+\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
+%
+\newdimen\logodepth
+\logodepth=2.2cm
+\newdimen\headerboxheight
+\headerboxheight=180pt % 18 10.5dd-lines - 2\baselineskip
+\newdimen\betweenumberspace          % dimension for space between
+\betweenumberspace=3.33pt            % number and text of titles.
+\newdimen\aftertext                  % dimension for space after
+\aftertext=5pt                       % text of title.
+\newdimen\headlineindent             % dimension for space between
+\headlineindent=1.166cm              % number and text of headings.
+\def\andname{and}
+\if@mathematic
+   \def\runinend{\enspace}
+   \def\floatcounterend{\enspace}
+   \def\sectcounterend{}
+\else
+   \def\runinend{.}
+   \def\floatcounterend{.\ }
+   \def\sectcounterend{.}
+\fi
+\def\keywordname{{\bfseries Key words\runinend}}
+\def\lastandname{, and}
+\def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:}
+\def\email#1{{e-mail: \tt#1}}
+\def\keywords#1{\par\addvspace\baselineskip\noindent\keywordname\enspace
+\ignorespaces#1}
+%
+\newcounter{inst}
+\newcounter{auth}
+\def\authdepth{2}
+\newdimen\instindent
+\newbox\authrun
+\newtoks\authorrunning
+\newbox\titrun
+\newtoks\titlerunning
+\def\authorfont{\bfseries}
+
+\def\combirunning#1{\gdef\@combi{#1}}
+\def\@combi{}
+\newbox\combirun
+%
+\def\ps@last{\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+\lastevenhead}}
+\newcounter{lastpage}
+\def\islastpageeven{\@ifundefined{lastpagenumber}
+{\setcounter{lastpage}{0}}{\setcounter{lastpage}{\lastpagenumber}}
+\ifnum\value{lastpage}>0
+   \ifodd\value{lastpage}%
+   \else
+      \if@smartrunh
+         \thispagestyle{last}%
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi}
+\def\getlastpagenumber{\clearpage
+\addtocounter{page}{-1}%
+   \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\gdef\string\lastpagenumber{\thepage}}%
+   \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\newlabel{LastPage}{{}{\thepage}}}%
+   \addtocounter{page}{1}}
+
+\def\journalname#1{\gdef\@journalname{#1}}
+
+\def\dedication#1{\gdef\@dedic{#1}}
+\def\@dedic{}
+
+\let\@date\undefined
+
+\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
+
+\def\institutename{\par
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \parskip=0pt
+ \setcounter{inst}{1}%
+ \def\and{\par\stepcounter{inst}%
+ \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi
+ \noindent
+ \hbox to\instindent{\hss\smash{$^{\theinst}$}\enspace}\ignorespaces}%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}
+ \ifnum\value{inst}>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\enspace}%
+                 \else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\enspace}\fi
+ \instindent=\wd0\relax
+ \ifnum\value{inst}=1\relax
+ \else
+   \setcounter{inst}{1}%
+   \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi
+   \noindent
+   \hbox to\instindent{\hss\smash{$^{\theinst}$}\enspace}\ignorespaces
+ \fi
+ \small
+ \ignorespaces
+ \@institute\par
+ \endgroup}
+
+\def\offprints#1{\begingroup
+\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\xdef\@thanks{\@thanks
+\protect\footnotetext[0]{\unskip\hskip-15pt{\itshape Send offprint requests
+to\/}: \ignorespaces#1}}\endgroup\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\mail#1{\gdef\@mail{#1}}
+\def\@mail{}
+
+\def\@thanks{}
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or{\star\star\star}%
+   \or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+   \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+   \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}
+
+\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
+\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}
+
+\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
+\def\@subtitle{}
+
+\def\headnote#1{\gdef\@headnote{#1}}
+\def\@headnote{}
+
+\def\ch@ckobl#1#2{\@ifundefined{@#1}
+ {\typeout{SVJour warning: Missing
+\expandafter\string\csname#1\endcsname}%
+  \csname #1\endcsname{#2}}
+ {}}
+%
+\def\ProcessRunnHead{%
+    \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+    \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+    \instindent=\textwidth
+    \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+    \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+      \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+    \fi
+    \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title
+                                \unskip}%
+    \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+       \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Title too long for running head.}%
+       \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning
+                \space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+       \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily
+       Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+    \fi
+    \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+%
+    \if!\the\authorrunning!
+    \else
+      \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+      \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+    \fi
+    \ifnum\value{auth}>\authdepth
+       \def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{%
+       \protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else\ et al.\fi}}%
+       \expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor
+    \else
+       \gdef\and{\unskip, \ignorespaces}%
+       {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+       \protected@xdef\@author{\@author}}
+    \fi
+    \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces
+                                 \@author\unskip}%
+    \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+    \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Author name(s) too long for running head.
+             ^^JPlease supply a shorter form with \string\authorrunning
+             \space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+    \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily Please give a shorter version
+          with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space and
+             \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}}%
+    \fi
+    \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
+    \markboth{\@author}{\@title}%
+}
+%
+\def\maketitle{\par
+\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname}
+\ch@ckobl{date}{The date of receipt and acceptance will be inserted by
+the editor}
+\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given}
+\begingroup
+%
+    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+    \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip, \andname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax
+          \if@smartand
+             \ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}%
+                \lastand
+             \else
+                \unskip,
+             \fi
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+ \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+   \@maketitle
+ \else
+   \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+ \fi
+ \thispagestyle{empty}
+ \global\@topnum\z@
+ \@thanks
+ \if!\@mail!\else
+    \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\
+    \ignorespaces\@mail}%
+ \fi
+%
+ \if@runhead
+    \ProcessRunnHead
+    \if@smartrunh
+       \instindent=\textwidth
+       \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+       \if!\@combi!%
+          \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces
+                                        \@author\unskip: \@title\unskip}%
+          \def\@tempa{Automatically generated running head}%
+       \else
+          \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces
+                                        \@combi\unskip}%
+          \def\@tempa{With \string\combirunning\space supplied running head}%
+       \fi
+       \ifdim\wd\combirun>\instindent
+          \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: \@tempa}%
+          \typeout{for a possible last even numbered page is too long.}%
+          \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\combirunning
+                   \space prior to \string\maketitle.}%
+          \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily
+          Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length --
+          supply \ttfamily\char92combirunning}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\lastevenhead{\copy\combirun}%
+    \fi
+ \fi
+%
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+ \global\let\thanks\relax
+ \global\let\maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@thanks\@empty
+ \global\let\@author\@empty
+ \global\let\@date\@empty
+ \global\let\@title\@empty
+ \global\let\@subtitle\@empty
+ \global\let\title\relax
+ \global\let\author\relax
+ \global\let\date\relax
+ \global\let\and\relax}
+
+\def\makeheadbox{{%
+\hbox to0pt{\vbox{\baselineskip=10dd\hrule\hbox
+to\hsize{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt
+\hbox{\bfseries\@journalname\ manuscript No.}
+\hbox{(will be inserted by the editor)}
+\kern3pt}\hfil\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}%
+\hss}}}
+
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \normalfont
+ \vbox to0pt{\vskip-40pt
+ \nointerlineskip
+ \makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip
+ \setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup
+ {\Large \bfseries\boldmath
+  \hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm
+ \if!\@headnote!\else
+   \noindent
+   {\normalfont\em\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm
+ \fi
+  \noindent\ignorespaces
+  \@title \par}\vskip 11.24pt\relax
+ \if!\@subtitle!\else
+   {\large\bfseries\boldmath
+   \pretolerance=10000
+   \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm
+   \noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 11.24pt
+ \fi
+ \normalfont\authorfont
+ \lineskip .5em
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }%
+                \hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \value{inst}=\value{auth}%
+ \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm
+ \noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip7.23pt
+ \rightskip=0pt\relax
+ \normalfont\small\rmfamily
+ \institutename
+ \vskip 12.85pt \noindent\@date
+ \if!\@dedic!\else
+    \par
+    \small\itshape
+    \addvspace\baselineskip
+    \noindent\@dedic
+ \fi
+ \egroup % end of header box
+ \@tempdima=\headerboxheight
+ \advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun
+ \ifdim\@tempdima>0pt
+    \vrule width0pt height\@tempdima
+ \fi
+ \unvbox\authrun
+ \global\@minipagetrue
+ \global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}}
+ \vskip22.47pt
+}
+%
+\if@mathematic
+   \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}}}
+\else
+   \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}
+\fi
+%
+\def\tens#1{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1}}}
+%
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\newcounter {section}
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
+\renewcommand\thesection      {\@arabic\c@section}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection   {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
+\renewcommand\theparagraph    {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
+\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
+%
+\def\@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+      \hangindent \z@\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend
+\hskip\betweenumberspace}
+
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
+  \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+    \let\@svsec\@empty
+  \else
+    \refstepcounter{#1}%
+    \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+  \fi
+  \@tempskipa #5\relax
+  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+    \begingroup
+      #6{%
+        \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+          \raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M%
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+    \endgroup
+    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+      \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend}%
+      \fi
+      #7}%
+  \else
+    \def\@svsechd{%
+      #6{\hskip #3\relax
+      \@svsec #8\hskip\aftertext}%
+      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+        \fi
+        #7}}%
+  \fi
+  \@xsect{#5}}
+
+%
+% measures and setting of sections
+%
+\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+    {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+     minus4pt}{\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+    {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+     minus4pt}{\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+    {-13dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-5.5pt}{\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+    {-13pt plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-5.5pt}{\normalsize\itshape}}
+
+\setlength\leftmargini  {\parindent}
+\leftmargin  \leftmargini
+\setlength\leftmarginii {\parindent}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.7em}
+\setlength\leftmarginv  {.5em}
+\setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
+\setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
+\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
+\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
+\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
+\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
+\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
+\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
+\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
+\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
+\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
+\newcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\bullet$}
+\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
+
+\if@spthms
+% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
+%
+% Usage:
+%
+%     \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+%
+% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
+% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
+%
+% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
+%
+% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
+% by Lamport.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\@thmcountersep{}
+\def\@thmcounterend{}
+\newdimen\spthmsep \spthmsep=3pt
+
+\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem with number
+
+\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}
+
+\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
+     \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+                              \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+                               \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
+  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
+  {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+  {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
+  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}
+
+\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\labelsep=\spthmsep\refstepcounter{#1}%
+\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+
+\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
+                    \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
+       the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\normalthmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1\ ##2\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+\normalthmheadings
+
+\def\reversethmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##2\ ##1\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##2\ ##1}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number
+
+\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}
+
+\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+    \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+    \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+
+\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
+       {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
+                           \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}
+
+\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}
+
+\if@envcntsect
+   \def\@thmcountersep{.}
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\else
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \if@envcntreset
+      \@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
+   \else
+      \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+   \fi
+\fi
+
+%definition of divers theorem environments
+\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\if@envcntsame % alle Umgebungen wie Theorem.
+   \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
+\else % alle Umgebungen mit eigenem Zaehler
+   \if@envcntsect % mit section numeriert
+      \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[section]{#3}{#4}}
+   \else % nicht mit section numeriert
+      \if@envcntreset
+         \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+                                   \@addtoreset{#1}{section}}
+      \else
+         \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\newenvironment{theopargself}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}}{}
+\newenvironment{theopargself*}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##4##3\@thmcounterend}##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##3##2\@thmcounterend}}}{}
+\fi
+
+\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
+    \def\@tempa{#1}%
+    \let\@tempd\@elt
+    \def\@elt##1{%
+        \def\@tempb{##1}%
+        \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
+            \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
+        \fi}%
+    \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
+    \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
+    \@tempc
+    \let\@elt\@tempd}
+
+\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\def\qed{\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\squareforqed}
+\def\smartqed{\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
+\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
+\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}}
+
+% Define `abstract' environment
+\def\abstract{\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parsep=0pt\itemsep=0pt\relax
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
+{\bfseries\abstractname}]\if!\abstractname!\hskip-\labelsep\fi}
+\if@twocolumn
+   \def\endabstract{\endtrivlist\addvspace{5mm}\strich}
+   \def\strich{\hrule\vskip3ptplus12pt\null}
+\else
+   \def\endabstract{\endtrivlist\addvspace{3mm}}
+\fi
+%
+\newenvironment{verse}
+               {\let\\\@centercr
+                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
+                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
+                        \listparindent\itemindent
+                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
+                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+                \item\relax}
+               {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+               {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \item\relax}
+               {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quote}
+               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+                \item\relax}
+               {\endlist}
+\newcommand\appendix{\par
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+  \renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}}
+\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\@arabic\c@equation}
+\newcounter{figure}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
+\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+\newenvironment{figure}
+               {\@float{figure}}
+               {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{figure*}
+               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+               {\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}
+               {\@float{table}}
+               {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{table*}
+               {\@dblfloat{table}}
+               {\end@dblfloat}
+
+\def \@floatboxreset {%
+        \reset@font
+        \small
+        \@setnobreak
+        \@setminipage
+}
+
+\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+\newcommand\leftlegendglue{}
+
+\def\fig@type{figure}
+
+\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=3pt
+\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=5.5pt
+
+\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{}
+
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
+
+\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \captionstyle
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type
+   \vskip\figcapgap
+ \fi
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}%
+ \capstrut #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+   {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par
+ \else
+   \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else
+   \vskip\tabcapgap
+ \fi}
+
+\newdimen\figgap\figgap=1cc
+\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{%
+   \parbox[b]{\@tempdima}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                         #1\floatcounterend}#2}}
+\def\sidecaption#1\caption{%
+\setbox\@tempboxa=\hbox{#1\unskip}%
+\if@twocolumn
+ \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
+   \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa<\columnwidth
+      \typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
+            ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+   \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+\@tempdima=\hsize
+\advance\@tempdima by-\figgap
+\advance\@tempdima by-\wd\@tempboxa
+\ifdim\@tempdima<3cm
+    \typeout{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
+             using normal \string\caption. }%
+   \unhbox\@tempboxa
+   \let\@capcommand=\@caption
+\else
+   \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
+   \leavevmode
+   \unhbox\@tempboxa
+   \hfill
+\fi
+\refstepcounter\@captype
+\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}
+
+\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+% Define `acknowledgement' environment
+\def\acknowledgement{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rmfamily
+\trivlist\if!\ackname!\item[]\else
+\item[\hskip\labelsep
+{\it\ackname}]\fi}
+\def\endacknowledgement{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}
+% Define `noteadd' environment
+\def\noteadd{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rmfamily
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
+{\itshape\noteaddname}]}
+\def\endnoteadd{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}
+
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
+\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
+\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
+\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
+    \section*{\contentsname}%
+    \@starttoc{toc}%
+    \addtocontents{toc}{\begingroup\protect\small}%
+    \AtEndDocument{\addtocontents{toc}{\endgroup}}%
+    }
+\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+    \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+    \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
+    \begingroup
+      \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      {\leavevmode
+       \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
+       \nobreak
+       \if@compatibility
+         \global\@nobreaktrue
+         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
+      \fi
+    \endgroup
+  \fi}
+\newcommand*\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{0pt}{1.5em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
+\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
+\newcommand\listoffigures{%
+    \section*{\listfigurename
+      \@mkboth{\listfigurename}%
+              {\listfigurename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lof}%
+    }
+\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\newcommand\listoftables{%
+    \section*{\listtablename
+      \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lot}%
+    }
+\let\l@table\l@figure
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{\parindent}
+\def\@biblabel#1{#1.}
+\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
+      {\let\protect\noexpand
+       \immediate
+       \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+     {\section*{\refname
+        \@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}\small
+      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+            \leftmargin\labelwidth
+            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+            \@openbib@code
+            \usecounter{enumiv}%
+            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
+      \sfcode`\.\@m}
+     {\def\@noitemerr
+       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+      \endlist}
+%
+\newcount\@tempcntc
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
+  \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
+    {\@ifundefined
+       {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries
+        ?}\@warning
+       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+    {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
+     \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
+       \@citea\def\@citea{,\hskip0.1em\ignorespaces}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
+     \else
+      \advance\@tempcntb\@ne
+      \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
+      \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
+      \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
+\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else
+            \@citea\def\@citea{,\hskip0.1em\ignorespaces}%
+  \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
+   {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else \def\@citea{--}\fi
+    \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
+%
+\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+\newenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 35\p@
+                \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
+                \@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
+                \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \let\item\@idxitem}
+               {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
+\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
+\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
+\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+  \kern-3\p@
+  \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+  \kern2.6\p@}
+\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \noindent
+    \hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}#1}
+%
+\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
+\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
+\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
+\newcommand\refname{References}
+\newcommand\indexname{Index}
+\newcommand\figurename{Fig.}
+\newcommand\tablename{Table}
+\newcommand\partname{Part}
+\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
+\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract\runinend}
+\newcommand\ackname{Acknowledgements\runinend}
+\newcommand\noteaddname{Note added in proof}
+% French section
+\def\ds@francais{%
+ \typeout{On parle francais.}%
+ \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e\runinend}%
+ \def\ackname{Remerciements\runinend}%
+ \def\andname{et}%
+ \def\lastandname{ et}%
+ \def\appendixname{Appendice}
+ \def\chaptername{Chapitre}%
+ \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}%
+ \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}%
+ \def\examplename{Exemple}%
+ \def\exercisename{Exercice}%
+ \def\figurename{Fig.}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bfseries Mots-cl\'e\runinend}}
+ \def\indexname{Index}
+ \def\lemmaname{Lemme}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs}
+ \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}%
+ \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}%
+ \def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:}
+ \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}%
+ \def\notename{Remarque}%
+ \def\partname{Partie}%
+ \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}%
+ \def\proofname{Preuve}%
+ \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Question}%
+ \def\refname{Bibliographie}%
+ \def\remarkname{Remarque}%
+ \def\seename{voyez}
+ \def\solutionname{Solution}%
+%\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
+ \def\tablename{Tableau}%
+ \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%
+}
+%
+% German section
+\def\ds@deutsch{\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}%
+ \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung\runinend}%
+ \def\ackname{Danksagung\runinend}%
+ \def\andname{und}%
+ \def\lastandname{ und}%
+ \def\appendixname{Anhang}%
+ \def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
+ \def\claimname{Behauptung}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Korollar}%
+%\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+ \def\examplename{Beispiel}%
+ \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}%
+ \def\figurename{Abb.}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bfseries Schl\"usselw\"orter\runinend}}
+ \def\indexname{Index}
+%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter}
+ \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
+ \def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:}
+ \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}%
+ \def\notename{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\partname{Teil}%
+%\def\problemname{Problem}%
+ \def\proofname{Beweis}%
+ \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Frage}%
+ \def\refname{Literatur}%
+ \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\seename{siehe}
+ \def\solutionname{L\"osung}%
+%\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
+ \def\tablename{Tabelle}%
+%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%
+}
+\AtBeginDocument{\switch@texts}
+\newcommand\today{}
+\edef\today{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\setlength\columnsep{1.5cc}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+%
+\frenchspacing
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ plus.0001fil
+\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\if@twocolumn
+   \twocolumn
+\fi
+\if@referee
+   \makereferee
+\fi
+\flushbottom
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `svjour.cls'.
