// **********************************************************************
//
// Copyright (c) 2000
// Object Oriented Concepts, Inc.
// Billerica, MA, USA
//
// All Rights Reserved
//
// **********************************************************************

#include <JTC/JTC.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(HAVE_STRSTREAM)
#   include <strstream>
#else
#   if defined(HAVE_STRSTREA_H)
#       include <strstrea.h>
#   else
#       include <strstream.h>
#   endif
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STD_IOSTREAM
using namespace std;
#endif

//
// This class ensures that the iostream class is only accessed by one
// thread.  This stops corruption of the output stream.
//
class MTCout : public JTCMonitor
{
public:

    void write(const char* buf)
    {
	JTCSynchronized sync(*this);
	cout << buf << endl;
    }
};

//
// Global instance of the MTCout object.
//
MTCout mtCout;

//
// This class returns a random number.
//
class Random : public JTCMonitor
{
public:

    int operator()()
    {
	JTCSynchronized sync(*this);
	return rand();
    }
};

//
// Global instance of the random object.
//
Random genRandom;

//
// This class represents a chopstick.
//
class Chopstick : public JTCMonitor
{
};

//
// We have N_DINERS diners, and N_DINERS chopsticks.
//
#define N_DINERS 5
Chopstick chopsticks[N_DINERS];

//
// A room.
//
class Room : public JTCMonitor
{
    int occupancy_; // Number of people in the room.
    int maxOccupancy_; // Maximum number of people allowed in the room.
public:
    //
    // Constructor.
    //
    Room(int maxOccupancy)
        : occupancy_(0), maxOccupancy_(maxOccupancy)
    {
    }

    //
    // Add a person to the room.
    //
    void addPerson()
    {
        JTCSynchronized sync(*this);
        ++occupancy_;
        notifyAll();
    }

    //
    // Remove a person from the room.
    //
    void removePerson()
    {
        JTCSynchronized sync(*this);
        --occupancy_;
        notifyAll();
    }

    //
    // Wait for a place to become available.
    //
    void waitForPlace()
    {
        JTCSynchronized sync(*this);
        while(occupancy_ == maxOccupancy_)
        {
            try
            {
                wait();
            }
            catch(const JTCInterruptedException&)
            {
            }
        }
    }

    //
    // Get the number of people in the room.
    //
    int numberPeople()
    {
        JTCSynchronized sync(*this);
        return occupancy_;
    }
};

Room room(N_DINERS);

class Philosopher;

//
// Array of philosopher threads.
//
bool phillies[N_DINERS];

//
// This class represents a hungry philosopher.
//
class Philosopher : public JTCThread
{
    int id_; // The id of the philosopher.

public:

    //
    // Constructor.
    //
    Philosopher(int id)
	: id_(id)
    {
    }

    //
    // Mainline.  Grab left chopstick, grab right chopstick.  Eat food.
    // Ponder life for a while.  Put down the chopsticks, and sleep for
    // a while.  Repeat this cycle some random number of times.
    // Then exit the room.
    //
    virtual void run()
    {
        //
        // The variables l and r represent the index of the left and
        // right chopsticks around the table.
        //
	int l = id_;
	int r = l+1;
	if(r == N_DINERS)
	{
	    r = 0;
	}
	if(l & 1)
	{
	    int t = l;
	    l = r;
	    r = t;
	}
	char buf[1024];
	ostrstream os(buf, sizeof(buf));

	os << "Philosopher #" << id_ << " has entered the room." <<ends;
	mtCout.write(buf);
	os.seekp(0);

	int count = genRandom() % 10 + 1;
	while(count--)
	{
	    {
                //
                // Grab left and right chopstick.
                //
		JTCSynchronized sync1(chopsticks[l]);
		JTCSynchronized sync2(chopsticks[r]);

                //
                // Eat.
                //
		os << "Philosopher #" << id_ << " is eating." << ends;
		mtCout.write(buf);
		os.seekp(0);

                //
                // Ponder life.
                //
		JTCThread::sleep(genRandom()%2*1000 + genRandom()%1000);
		os << "Philosopher #" << id_ << " is pondering life."<<ends;
		mtCout.write(buf);
		os.seekp(0);
	    }
            //
            // Sleep for some period, before starting over.
            //
	    JTCThread::sleep(genRandom()%2*1000 + genRandom()%1000);
	}

        //
        // Remove the philosopher from the room.
        //
        room.removePerson();

        //
        // Clear a spot in the array for the next philosopher.
        //
	phillies[id_] = false;

	JTCSynchronized mtSync(mtCout);
	os << "Philosopher #" << id_ << " has left the room. ("
	   << room.numberPeople() << " left)." << ends;
	mtCout.write(buf);
	os.seekp(0);
    }
};

int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    try
    {
        //
        // A user of the JTC library must create an instance of this
        // class to initialize the library.
        //
        JTCInitialize bootJTC(argc, argv);

	//
	// Number of philosophers waiting to enter the room
	// after the initial N_DINERS.
	//
	// Once all the diners have left the room the application
	// will exit.
	//
	int nInQ = -1;
	if (argc > 1)
	{
	    nInQ = atoi(argv[1]);
	}

        //
        // Seed the random number generator.
        //
        srand(0);

        int i;

        //
        // Add N_DINERS to the room.
        //
        for(i =0; i < N_DINERS; ++i)
        {
            room.addPerson();
            phillies[i] = true;
            JTCThreadHandle p = new Philosopher(i);
            p -> start();
        }

        //
        // Repeat forever.
        //
	while (nInQ > 0 || nInQ == -1)
        {
            //
            // Wait for a place to open up in the room.
            //
            room.waitForPlace();
            mtCout.write("main thread sleep.");

            JTCThread::sleep(3);
            mtCout.write("main thread wake.");

            //
            // Find the location of the philospher that left the room.
            //
            for(i =0; i < N_DINERS; ++i)
                if(!phillies[i])
		    break;

            //
            // Can't find the location?  This is an internal error of
            // some sort.
            //
            if(i == N_DINERS)
                abort();
            //
            // Create a new philosopher thread, add a person to the room.
            //
            room.addPerson();

            phillies[i] = true;

            JTCThreadHandle p = new Philosopher(i);
            p -> start();

	    if (nInQ != -1)
	    {
		--nInQ;
	    }
        }
    }
    catch(const JTCException& e)
    {
	cout << "Exception: " << e.getMessage() << endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}