source: Sophya/trunk/SophyaExt/XephemAstroLib/misc.c@ 3654

/* misc handy functions.
 * every system has such, no?
 *  4/20/98 now_lst() always just returns apparent time
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "astro.h"

/* zero from loc for len bytes */
void
zero_mem (void *loc, unsigned len)
{
        (void) memset (loc, 0, len);
}

/* given min and max and an approximate number of divisions desired,
 * fill in ticks[] with nicely spaced values and return how many.
 * N.B. return value, and hence number of entries to ticks[], might be as
 *   much as 2 more than numdiv.
 */
int
tickmarks (double min, double max, int numdiv, double ticks[])
{
        static int factor[] = { 1, 2, 5 };
        double minscale;
        double delta;
        double lo;
        double v;
        int n;

        minscale = fabs(max - min);
        delta = minscale/numdiv;
        for (n=0; n < (int)(sizeof(factor)/sizeof(factor[0])); n++) {
            double scale;
            double x = delta/factor[n];
            if ((scale = (pow(10.0, ceil(log10(x)))*factor[n])) < minscale)
                minscale = scale;
        }
        delta = minscale;

        lo = floor(min/delta);
        for (n = 0; (v = delta*(lo+n)) < max+delta; )
            ticks[n++] = v;

        return (n);
}

/* given an Obj *, return its type as a descriptive string.
 * if it's of type fixed then return its class description.
 * N.B. we return the address of static storage -- do not free or change.
 */
char *
obj_description (Obj *op)
{
        typedef struct {
            char classcode;
            char *desc;
        } CC;

#define NFCM    ((int)(sizeof(fixed_class_map)/sizeof(fixed_class_map[0])))
        static CC fixed_class_map[] = {
            {'A', "Cluster of Galaxies"},
            {'B', "Binary System"},
            {'C', "Globular Cluster"},
            {'D', "Double Star"},
            {'F', "Diffuse Nebula"},
            {'G', "Spiral Galaxy"},
            {'H', "Spherical Galaxy"},
            {'J', "Radio"},
            {'K', "Dark Nebula"},
            {'L', "Pulsar"},
            {'M', "Multiple Star"},
            {'N', "Bright Nebula"},
            {'O', "Open Cluster"},
            {'P', "Planetary Nebula"},
            {'Q', "Quasar"},
            {'R', "Supernova Remnant"},
            {'S', "Star"},
            {'T', "Star-like Object"},
            {'U', "Cluster, with nebulosity"},
            {'V', "Variable Star"},
            {'Y', "Supernova"},
        };

#define NBCM    ((int)(sizeof(binary_class_map)/sizeof(binary_class_map[0])))
        static CC binary_class_map[] = {
            {'a', "Astrometric binary"},
            {'c', "Cataclysmic variable"},
            {'e', "Eclipsing binary"},
            {'x', "High-mass X-ray binary"},
            {'y', "Low-mass X-ray binary"},
            {'o', "Occultation binary"},
            {'s', "Spectroscopic binary"},
            {'t', "1-line spectral binary"},
            {'u', "2-line spectral binary"},
            {'v', "Spectrum binary"},
            {'b', "Visual binary"},
            {'d', "Visual binary, apparent"},
            {'q', "Visual binary, optical"},
            {'r', "Visual binary, physical"},
            {'p', "Exoplanet"},
        };

        switch (op->o_type) {
        case FIXED:
            if (op->f_class) {
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i < NFCM; i++)
                    if (fixed_class_map[i].classcode == op->f_class)
                        return (fixed_class_map[i].desc);
            }
            return ("Fixed");
        case PARABOLIC:
            return ("Solar - Parabolic");
        case HYPERBOLIC:
            return ("Solar - Hyperbolic");
        case ELLIPTICAL:
            return ("Solar - Elliptical");
        case BINARYSTAR:
            if (op->f_class) {
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i < NFCM; i++)
                    if (binary_class_map[i].classcode == op->f_class)
                        return (binary_class_map[i].desc);
            }
            return ("Binary system");
        case PLANET: {
            static char nsstr[16];
            static Obj *biop;

            if (op->pl_code == SUN)
                return ("Star");
            if (op->pl_code == MOON)
                return ("Moon of Earth");
            if (op->pl_moon == X_PLANET)
                return ("Planet");
            if (!biop)
                getBuiltInObjs (&biop);
            sprintf (nsstr, "Moon of %s", biop[op->pl_code].o_name);
            return (nsstr);
            }
        case EARTHSAT:
            return ("Earth Sat");
        default:
            printf ("obj_description: unknown type: 0x%x\n", op->o_type);
            abort();
            return (NULL);      /* for lint */
        }
}

/* given a Now *, find the local apparent sidereal time, in hours.
 */
void
now_lst (Now *np, double *lstp)
{
        static double last_mjd = -23243, last_lng = 121212, last_lst;
        double eps, lst, deps, dpsi;

        if (last_mjd == mjd && last_lng == lng) {
            *lstp = last_lst;
            return;
        }

        utc_gst (mjd_day(mjd), mjd_hr(mjd), &lst);
        lst += radhr(lng);

        obliquity(mjd, &eps);
        nutation(mjd, &deps, &dpsi);
        lst += radhr(dpsi*cos(eps+deps));

        range (&lst, 24.0);

        last_mjd = mjd;
        last_lng = lng;
        *lstp = last_lst = lst;
}

/* convert ra to ha, in range 0..2*PI
 * need dec too if not already apparent.
 */
void
radec2ha (Now *np, double ra, double dec, double *hap)
{
        double ha, lst;

        if (epoch != EOD)
            as_ap (np, epoch, &ra, &dec);
        now_lst (np, &lst);
        ha = hrrad(lst) - ra;
        if (ha < 0)
            ha += 2*PI;
        *hap = ha;
}

/* find Greenwich Hour Angle of the given object at the given time, 0..2*PI.
 */
void
gha (Now *np, Obj *op, double *ghap)
{
        Now n = *np;
        Obj o = *op;
        double tmp;

        n.n_epoch = EOD;
        n.n_lng = 0.0;
        n.n_lat = 0.0;
        obj_cir (&n, &o);
        now_lst (&n, &tmp);
        tmp = hrrad(tmp) - o.s_ra;
        if (tmp < 0)
            tmp += 2*PI;
        *ghap = tmp;
}

/* given a circle and a line segment, find a segment of the line inside the 
 *   circle.
 * return 0 and the segment end points if one exists, else -1.
 * We use a parametric representation of the line:
 *   x = x1 + (x2-x1)*t and y = y1 + (y2-y1)*t, 0 < t < 1
 * and a centered representation of the circle:
 *   (x - xc)**2 + (y - yc)**2 = r**2
 * and solve for the t's that work, checking for usual conditions.
 */
int
lc (
int cx, int cy, int cw,                 /* circle bbox corner and width */
int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,         /* line segment endpoints */
int *sx1, int *sy1, int *sx2, int *sy2) /* segment inside the circle */
{
        int dx = x2 - x1;
        int dy = y2 - y1;
        int r = cw/2;
        int xc = cx + r;
        int yc = cy + r;
        int A = x1 - xc;
        int B = y1 - yc;
        double a = dx*dx + dy*dy;       /* O(2 * 2**16 * 2**16) */
        double b = 2*(dx*A + dy*B);     /* O(4 * 2**16 * 2**16) */
        double c = A*A + B*B - r*r;     /* O(2 * 2**16 * 2**16) */
        double d = b*b - 4*a*c;         /* O(2**32 * 2**32) */
        double sqrtd;
        double t1, t2;

        if (d <= 0)
            return (-1);        /* containing line is purely outside circle */

        sqrtd = sqrt(d);
        t1 = (-b - sqrtd)/(2.0*a);
        t2 = (-b + sqrtd)/(2.0*a);

        if (t1 >= 1.0 || t2 <= 0.0)
            return (-1);        /* segment is purely outside circle */

        /* we know now that some part of the segment is inside,
         * ie, t1 < 1 && t2 > 0
         */

        if (t1 <= 0.0) {
            /* (x1,y1) is inside circle */
            *sx1 = x1;
            *sy1 = y1;
        } else {
            *sx1 = (int)(x1 + dx*t1);
            *sy1 = (int)(y1 + dy*t1);
        }

        if (t2 >= 1.0) {
            /* (x2,y2) is inside circle */
            *sx2 = x2;
            *sy2 = y2;
        } else {
            *sx2 = (int)(x1 + dx*t2);
            *sy2 = (int)(y1 + dy*t2);
        }

        return (0);
}

/* compute visual magnitude using the H/G parameters used in the Astro Almanac.
 * these are commonly used for asteroids.
 */
void
hg_mag (
double h, double g,
double rp,      /* sun-obj dist, AU */
double rho,     /* earth-obj dist, AU */
double rsn,     /* sun-earth dist, AU */
double *mp)
{
        double psi_t, Psi_1, Psi_2, beta;
        double c;
        double tb2;

        c = (rp*rp + rho*rho - rsn*rsn)/(2*rp*rho);
        if (c <= -1)
            beta = PI;
        else if (c >= 1)
            beta = 0;
        else
            beta = acos(c);;
        tb2 = tan(beta/2.0);
        /* psi_t = exp(log(tan(beta/2.0))*0.63); */
        psi_t = pow (tb2, 0.63);
        Psi_1 = exp(-3.33*psi_t);
        /* psi_t = exp(log(tan(beta/2.0))*1.22); */
        psi_t = pow (tb2, 1.22);
        Psi_2 = exp(-1.87*psi_t);
        *mp = h + 5.0*log10(rp*rho);
        if (Psi_1 || Psi_2) *mp -= 2.5*log10((1-g)*Psi_1 + g*Psi_2);
}

/* given faintest desired mag, mag step magstp, image scale and object
 * magnitude and size, return diameter to draw object, in pixels, or 0 if
 * dimmer than fmag.
 */
int
magdiam (
int fmag,       /* faintest mag */
int magstp,     /* mag range per dot size */
double scale,   /* rads per pixel */
double mag,     /* magnitude */
double size)    /* rads, or 0 */
{
        int diam, sized;
        
        if (mag > fmag)
            return (0);
        diam = (int)((fmag - mag)/magstp + 1);
        sized = (int)(size/scale + 0.5);
        if (sized > diam)
            diam = sized;

        return (diam);
}

/* computer visual magnitude using the g/k parameters commonly used for comets.
 */
void
gk_mag (
double g, double k,
double rp,      /* sun-obj dist, AU */
double rho,     /* earth-obj dist, AU */
double *mp)
{
        *mp = g + 5.0*log10(rho) + 2.5*k*log10(rp);
}

/* given a string convert to floating point and return it as a double.
 * this is to isolate possible unportabilities associated with declaring atof().
 * it's worth it because atof() is often some 50% faster than sscanf ("%lf");
 */
double
atod (char *buf)
{
        return (strtod (buf, NULL));
}

/* solve a spherical triangle:
 *           A
 *          /  \
 *         /    \
 *      c /      \ b
 *       /        \
 *      /          \
 *    B ____________ C
 *           a
 *
 * given A, b, c find B and a in range 0..B..2PI and 0..a..PI, respectively..
 * cap and Bp may be NULL if not interested in either one.
 * N.B. we pass in cos(c) and sin(c) because in many problems one of the sides
 *   remains constant for many values of A and b.
 */
void
solve_sphere (double A, double b, double cc, double sc, double *cap, double *Bp)
{
        double cb = cos(b), sb = sin(b);
        double sA, cA = cos(A);
        double x, y;
        double ca;
        double B;

        ca = cb*cc + sb*sc*cA;
        if (ca >  1.0) ca =  1.0;
        if (ca < -1.0) ca = -1.0;
        if (cap)
            *cap = ca;

        if (!Bp)
            return;

        if (sc < 1e-7)
            B = cc < 0 ? A : PI-A;
        else {
            sA = sin(A);
            y = sA*sb*sc;
            x = cb - ca*cc;
            B = y ? (x ? atan2(y,x) : (y>0 ? PI/2 : -PI/2)) : (x>=0 ? 0 : PI);
        }

        *Bp = B;
        range (Bp, 2*PI);
}

/* #define WANT_MATHERR if your system supports it. it gives SGI fits.
 */
#undef WANT_MATHERR
#if defined(WANT_MATHERR)
/* attempt to do *something* reasonable when a math function blows.
 */
matherr (xp)
struct exception *xp;
{
        static char *names[8] = {
            "acos", "asin", "atan2", "pow",
            "exp", "log", "log10", "sqrt"
        };
        int i;

        /* catch-all */
        xp->retval = 0.0;

        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(names)/sizeof(names[0]); i++)
            if (strcmp (xp->name, names[i]) == 0)
                switch (i) {
                case 0: /* acos */
                    xp->retval = xp->arg1 >= 1.0 ? 0.0 : -PI;
                    break;
                case 1: /* asin */
                    xp->retval = xp->arg1 >= 1.0 ? PI/2 : -PI/2;
                    break;
                case 2: /* atan2 */
                    if (xp->arg1 == 0.0)
                        xp->retval = xp->arg2 < 0.0 ? PI : 0.0;
                    else if (xp->arg2 == 0.0)
                        xp->retval = xp->arg1 < 0.0 ? -PI/2 : PI/2;
                    else
                        xp->retval = 0.0;
                    break;
                case 3: /* pow */
                /* FALLTHRU */
                case 4: /* exp */
                    xp->retval = xp->o_type == OVERFLOW ? 1e308 : 0.0;
                    break;
                case 5: /* log */
                /* FALLTHRU */
                case 6: /* log10 */
                    xp->retval = xp->arg1 <= 0.0 ? -1e308 : 0;
                    break;
                case 7: /* sqrt */
                    xp->retval = 0.0;
                    break;
                }

        return (1);     /* suppress default error handling */
}
#endif

/* given the difference in two RA's, in rads, return their difference,
 *   accounting for wrap at 2*PI. caller need *not* first force it into the
 *   range 0..2*PI.
 */
double
delra (double dra)
{
        double fdra = fmod(fabs(dra), 2*PI);

        if (fdra > PI)
            fdra = 2*PI - fdra;
        return (fdra);
}

/* return 1 if object is considered to be "deep sky", else 0.
 * The only things deep-sky are fixed objects other than stars.
 */
int
is_deepsky (Obj *op)
{
        int deepsky = 0;

        if (is_type(op, FIXEDM)) {
            switch (op->f_class) {
            case 'T':
            case 'B':
            case 'D':
            case 'M':
            case 'S':
            case 'V':
                break;
            default:
                deepsky = 1;
                break;
            }
        }

        return (deepsky);
}

/* For RCS Only -- Do Not Edit */
static char *rcsid[2] = {(char *)rcsid, "@(#) $RCSfile: misc.c,v $ $Date: 2009-07-16 10:34:38 $ $Revision: 1.9 $ $Name: not supported by cvs2svn $"};