// This may look like C code, but it is really -*- C++ -*-
//-----------------------------------------------------------
// Class  BasePhysQty : Base class for units and Physical Constants
// SOPHYA class library - (C)  UPS+LAL IN2P3/CNRS  , CEA-Irfu 
// R. Ansari      UPS+LAL IN2P3/CNRS  2012
//-----------------------------------------------------------

#ifndef SUNITPCST_H_SEEN
#define SUNITPCST_H_SEEN


#include "machdefs.h"
#include <math.h> 
#include <string> 
#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 

#include "pqnumber.h"
#include "objfio.h"


namespace SOPHYA {

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
//--------------------------------  Units class  ---------------------------------
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   

//! Class representing physical dimensions and units  
class Units : public AnyDataObj {
// gestionnaire PPF
  friend class ObjFileIO<Units>;

public:
  Units();
  Units(Units const& un);
  Units(const char* nom, const char* snom, int m, int kg, int s, r_8 val=1., int A=0, int K=0, int mol=0, int cd=0);
  virtual ~Units();

  //! Copy method
  virtual Units& Set(Units const& un);
  //! Copy (=) operator 
  inline Units& operator = (Units const& un)  { return Set(un); }
  //! return true if the two quantities have the same dimension 
  bool isSameDimension(Units const& un) const;
  //! return the value in base SI units
  inline r_8 SIValue() const { return mSI_Value_; }
  //! return the unit name 
  inline string const& Name() const { return mName_; }
  //! return the unit short name 
  inline string const& ShortName() const { return mShortName_; }

  //! Prints the object on \b cout (return the cout stream object)
  inline ostream& Print(int lev=2)  const  
  { return Print(cout,lev); }  
  //! Prints the object on stream \b os (return the os stream object)
  virtual ostream& Print(ostream& os,int lev=2)  const;

  //! Return a new Unit corresponding to a rational power of the initial Unit 
  virtual Units power(QNumber q) const;
  //! Return a new Unit corresponding to an integer power of the initial Unit 
  inline  Units power(int p) const 
  { return power(QNumber(p,1)); }
 
  //! Compute a new unit corresponding corresponding to the product of two units 
  static Units Multiply(Units const& u1, Units const& u2);
  //! Compute a new unit corresponding corresponding to the ratio of two units 
  static Units Divide(Units const& u1, Units const& u2);
  
  // Unites multiples et sous-multiples 
  inline Units micro()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e-6,"micro","mu"); }
  Units milli()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e-3,"milli","m"); }
  Units centi()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e-2,"centi","c"); }
  Units deci()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e-1,"deci","d"); }
  Units deca()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e1,"deca","da"); }
  Units hecto()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e2,"hecto","h"); }
  Units kilo()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e3,"kilo","k"); }
  Units mega()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e6,"mega","M"); }
  Units giga()
  { return this->Multiple(1.e9,"giga","G"); }

  // Les unites usuelles - Voir definition et convention sur 
  inline static Units meter()
  { return Units("meter","m",1,0,0); }
  inline static Units kilometer()
  { return Units("kilometer","km",1,0,0,1.e3); }
  inline static Units centimeter()
  { return Units("centimeter","cm",1,0,0,1.e-2); }
  inline static Units millimeter()
  { return Units("millimeter","mm",1,0,0,1.e-3); }

  inline static Units kilogram()
  { return Units("kilogram","kg",0,1,0); }
  inline static Units gram()
  { return Units("gram","g",0,1,0,0.001); }

  inline static Units second()
  { return Units("second","s",0,0,1);  }
  inline static Units hour()
  { return Units("hour","h",0,0,1,3600.);  }
  inline static Units minute()
  { return Units("minute","mn",0,0,1,60.);  }

  inline static Units liter()
  { return Units("liter","L",3,0,0);  }

  inline static Units ampere()
  { return Units("ampere","A",0,0,0,1.,1);  }
  inline static Units kelvin()
  { return Units("kelvin","K",0,0,0,1.,0,1);  }
  inline static Units mole()
  { return Units("mole","mol",0,0,0,1.,0,0,1);  }
  inline static Units candela()
  { return Units("candela","cd",0,0,0,1.,0,0,0,1);  }

  inline static Units newton()
  { return Units("newton","N",1,1,-2);  }

  inline static Units pascal()
  { return Units("pascal","Pa",-1,1,-2);  }

  inline static Units joule()
  { return Units("joule","J",2,1,-2);  }
  inline static Units electronvolt()
  { return Units("electronvolt","eV",2,1,-2,1.602176e-19); }

  inline static Units watt()
  { return Units("watt","W",2,1,-3);  }

  inline static Units hertz()
  { return Units("hertz","Hz",0,0,-1);  }

  inline static Units coulomb()
  { return Units("coulomb","C",0,0,1,1.,1);  }
  inline static Units volt()
  { return Units("volt","V",2,1,-3,1.,-1);  }
  inline static Units tesla()
  { return Units("tesla","T",0,1,-2,1.,-1);  }
  inline static Units ohm()
  { return Units("Ohm","Ohm",2,1,-3,1.,-2);  }
  inline static Units henry()
  { return Units("henry","H",2,1,-2,1.,-2);  }
  inline static Units farad()
  { return Units("farad","F",-2,-1,4,1.,2);  }

  inline static Units radian()
  { return Units("radian","rad",0,0,0,1);  }
  inline static Units steradian()
  { return Units("steradian","sr",0,0,0,1);  }


protected:
  inline void SetName(string const& nom, string const& snom)
  { mName_=nom; mShortName_=snom; }
  inline Units Multiple(r_8 fact, const char* pre, const char* spre) 
  { 
    Units ru(*this); ru.mSI_Value_*=fact; 
    ru.mName_=pre+mName_; ru.mShortName_=spre+mShortName_; 
    return ru; 
  }

  // International system of Units (SI) - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/bibliography.html
  QNumber mLength_, mMass_, mTime_, mCurr_;     // Dimensions : length, mass, time and current 
  QNumber mTemp_, mSubst_, mLumInt_;     // Dimensions : Temperature, Amount of substance, LuminousIntensity
  r_8 mSI_Value_;  // Value in SI units (m, kg, s, A, Kelvin, mole, Candela) 
  string mName_, mShortName_;   // Name and short name 
};

/*! operator << overloading - Prints Units in string format on \b os*/
inline ostream& operator << (ostream& s, Units const & un)
{  un.Print(s,0);  return(s);  }

/*! Multiply operator definition for two Units objects   */
inline Units operator * (Units const & a, Units const & b)
  { return Units::Multiply(a,b); }

/*! Divide operator definition for two Units objects  */
inline Units operator / (Units const & a, Units const & b)
  { return Units::Divide(a,b); }


//! Writes the Units object in the POutPersist stream \b os
inline POutPersist& operator << (POutPersist& os, Units & obj)
{ ObjFileIO<Units> fio(&obj);  fio.Write(os);  return(os); }
//! Reads the Units object from the PInPersist stream \b is 
inline PInPersist& operator >> (PInPersist& is, Units & obj)
{ ObjFileIO<Units> fio(&obj); is.SkipToNextObject(); fio.Read(is); return(is); }

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
//-------------------------------  PhysQty class  --------------------------------
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   

//! Class representing physical quantities and constants   
class PhysQty : public AnyDataObj {
// gestionnaire PPF
  friend class ObjFileIO<PhysQty>;

public:
  PhysQty();
  PhysQty(Units const & u, r_8 val, r_8 prec=0., const char* nom=NULL);
  PhysQty(PhysQty const & qty);
  virtual ~PhysQty();

  //! Copy method
  virtual PhysQty& Set(PhysQty const& qty);
  //! Copy (=) operator 
  inline PhysQty& operator = (PhysQty const& qty)  { return Set(qty); }

  //! Return a new physical quantity object after unit conversion   
  PhysQty ConvertTo(Units const & u) const ;

  //! Return the physical quantity value in SI units 
  inline r_8 SIValue()  const { return val_*unit_.SIValue(); }
  inline Units getUnit()  {return unit_; }
  inline r_8 Value()  const { return val_; }
  inline void setValue(r_8 val)  { val_=val; }
  inline r_8 RelativePrecision()  const { return prec_; }
  inline void setRelativePrecision(r_8 prec) { prec_=prec; }
  inline r_8 AbsolutePrecision() const { return prec_*val_; }
  //! return the unit name 
  inline string const& Name() const { return name_; }

  //! Prints the object on \b cout (return the cout stream object)
  inline ostream& Print(int lev=0)  const  
  { return Print(cout, lev); }  
  //! Prints the object on stream \b os (return the os stream object)
  virtual ostream& Print(ostream& os,int lev=2)  const;

  //---- Constantes physiques - source NIST http://physics.nist.gov/
  //! Return the speed of light in m/s
  inline static PhysQty SpeedofLight() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::meter()/Units::second(), 299792458., 0., "Speed of light (c)"); }
  //! Return the speed of light in m/s
  inline static PhysQty c() 
  { return PhysQty::SpeedofLight(); }

  //! Return the Newtonian constant of gravitation in m^3 kg^-1 s^-2 
  inline static PhysQty G_Newton() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::meter().power(3)*Units::kilogram().power(-1)*Units::second().power(-2), 
		   6.67384e-11, 1.2e-4, "Newtonian constant of gravitation (G)"); }
  //! Return the Newtonian constant of gravitation in m^3 kg^-1 s^-2 
  inline static PhysQty G() 
  { return PhysQty::G_Newton(); }

  //! Return the Planck constant in joule.s
  inline static PhysQty PlanckConstant() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::joule()*Units::second(), 6.62606957e-34, 4.4e-8, "Planck constant (h)"); }
  //! Return the Planck constant in joule.s
  inline static PhysQty h() 
  { return PhysQty::PlanckConstant(); }
  //! Return the Planck constant divided by 2 pi (hbar = h/2pi) in joule.s
  inline static PhysQty hbar() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::joule()*Units::second(), 6.62606957e-34/2./M_PI, 4.4e-8, "hbar (h/2pi)"); }

  //! Return the Boltzmann constant in joule/K
  inline static PhysQty BoltzmannConstant() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::joule()/Units::kelvin(), 1.3806488e-23, 9.1e-7, "Boltzmann constant (k)"); }
  //! Return the Boltzmann constant in joule/K
  inline static PhysQty k() 
  { return PhysQty::BoltzmannConstant(); }
  //! Return the molar gas constant (R) in joule/mol/K
  inline static PhysQty MolarGasConstant() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::joule()/Units::mole()/Units::kelvin(), 8.3144621, 9.1e-7, "Molar gas constant (R)"); }
  //! Return the molar gas constant (R) in joule/mol/K
  inline static PhysQty R() 
  { return PhysQty::MolarGasConstant(); }

  //! Return the Avogadro number (units mol^-1)
  inline static PhysQty N_Avogradro() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::mole().power(-1), 6.02214129e23, 4.4e-8, "Avogadro constant (N_A)"); }
  //! Return the Avogadro number (units mol^-1)
  inline static PhysQty N_A() 
  { return PhysQty::N_Avogradro(); }

  //! Return the electric constant in Farad/m 
  inline static PhysQty epsilon0() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::farad()/Units::meter(), 8.854187817e-12, 0., "Electric constant (epsilon0)"); }
  //! Return the magnetic constant in N / A^2 
  inline static PhysQty mu0() 
  { return PhysQty(Units::newton()/Units::ampere().power(2), 4.*M_PI*1e-7, 0., "Magnetic constant (mu0)"); }

  //! Return the electron mass in Kg 
  inline static PhysQty electron_mass()
  {  return PhysQty(Units::kilogram(), 9.10938291e-31, 4.4e-8, "Electron mass (m_e)"); }
  //! Return the proton mass in Kg 
  inline static PhysQty proton_mass()
  {  return PhysQty(Units::kilogram(), 1.672621777e-27, 4.4e-8, "Proton mass (m_p)"); }

 
protected:
  Units unit_; // Unite de la grandeur physique 
  r_8 val_;   // Valeur de la grandeur physique dans l'unite unit_
  r_8 prec_;  // precision relative (1 sigma)
  string name_;  // Name of the quantity / constant 
};

/*! operator << overloading - Prints PhysQty on \b os*/
inline ostream& operator << (ostream& s, PhysQty const & qty)
{  qty.Print(s,0);  return(s);  }

//! Writes the PhysQty object in the POutPersist stream \b os
inline POutPersist& operator << (POutPersist& os, PhysQty & obj)
{ ObjFileIO<PhysQty> fio(&obj);  fio.Write(os);  return(os); }
//! Reads the PhysQty object from the PInPersist stream \b is 
inline PInPersist& operator >> (PInPersist& is, PhysQty & obj)
{ ObjFileIO<PhysQty> fio(&obj); is.SkipToNextObject(); fio.Read(is); return(is); }


} // namespace SOPHYA

#endif