source: Sophya/trunk/SophyaLib/Manual/piapp.tex@ 3041

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\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
%  The title page - top of the page with the title of the paper
\titrehp{piapp \\ An interactive data analysis tool}
%  Authors list
\auteurs{
R. Ansari            &  ansari@lal.in2p3.fr       \\
E. Aubourg           &  aubourg@hep.saclay.cea.fr \\
C. Magneville        &  cmv@hep.saclay.cea.fr     \\
O. Perdereau         &  perderos@lal.in2p3.fr     \\
}
% \author{R. Ansari {\tt ansari@lal.in2p3.fr} \\
% E. Aubourg {\tt aubourg@hep.saclay.cea.fr} \\
% C. Magneville {\tt cmv@hep.saclay.cea.fr} 
% }
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}
{\bf \Large piapp Version: 4.0 (V\_Jul2006) } 
\end{center}
\titrebp{5}

\end{titlepage}

\newpage
\tableofcontents
\newpage

\section{Introduction}
\index{piapp}
{\bf piapp} (or {\bf spiapp}) is an interactive data analysis 
and visualization  program. It is based on the {\bf PI} GUI library 
and the {\bf SOPHYA} \footnote{see http://www.sophya.org}
(or {\bf PEIDA++} \footnote{PEIDA++ has been used in EROS software. 
(http://eros.in2p3.fr). It is not maintained anymore.}) 
C++ data analysis class library. 
\par 
{\bf piapp} is a powerful command oriented tool for visualising and analysing data.
Its main features are summarised below:
\begin{itemize}
\item[\rond] Image, multiple 2D and few 3D representations
\item[\rond] Highly interactive graphics, with postscript as export format
\item[\rond] Capability to handle large data sets. Data can be imported and 
exported in different formats: ASCII, PPF and FITS.
\item[\rond] Interactive analysis: 2D/3D distributions, histograms, FFT \ldots 
\item[\rond] Flexible c-shell inspired command interpreter. 
\item[\rond] Possibility to perform more complex operations in C++, on objects
managed by the application through the on-the-fly compilation and execution
of c++ code fragments in piapp. 
\item[\rond] piapp is a multi-threaded program with separate threads for graphics
and command execution, ensuring interactive response, even while heavy 
computation is being performed. In addition, thread safe commands can be executed 
in separate threads, for taking advantage of multi CPU (or CPU-cores) workstations.
\item[\rond] The application can be easily extended through modules which can be
loaded at run time.  
\end{itemize}
%%%
\vspace*{5mm}
\par
 {\bf piapp} can simply be started on the command line in a terminal window 
once the SOPHYA/piapp  environment has been initialised. 
The environment variables {\tt SOPHYABASE} should contain the directory 
where SOPHYA/piapp has been installed. the shared library path 
{\tt LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} must contain {\tt \$SOPHYABASE /slb} and the 
current directory {\tt .} and the executable search path {\tt PATH} must
contain {\tt \$SOPHYABASE /exe}. Refer to the SOPHYA overview manual 
for more information on SOPHYA directory structure. \\
It might also be necessary to define the environment variable 
{\bf PIXKBMOMASK}, used by the libPI.a to map correctly 
the {\tt <Alt>} key with some X servers (in particular with 
X11 on MacOS X). \\
{\tt csh> setenv PIXKBMODMASK 2 }
\par
{\tt (s)piapp -h} provides a brief help of the command line 
arguments. Xtoolkit options can also be specified as command line
arguments. {\bf spiapp} is the name of SOPHYA/piapp executable, 
in order to distinguish it from PEIDA/piapp. 
\begin{verbatim}
csh> spiapp -h
 SophyaInitiator::SophyaInitiator() BaseTools Init
 PIOPersist::Initialize() Starting Sophya Persistence management service 
SOPHYA Version  2.0 Revision 0 (V_Jul2006) -- Jul 18 2006 12:35:58 gcc 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1495)

 piapp: Interactive data analysis and visualisation program 
 Usage: piapp [-nored] [-termread] [-term] [-hidezswin] [-small] 
              [-nosig] [-nosigfpe] [-nosigsegv] 
              [-tmpdir TmpDirectory] [-help2tex] [-exec file [args]] 
  -nored : Don't redirect stdout/stderr to piapp console
  -termread : Read commands on terminal (stdin)
  -term : equivalent to -nored -termread -small 
  -hidezswin : Hide Zoom/Stat/ColMap window 
  -small : Create small size main piapp window 
  -nosig : Don't catch SigFPE, SigSEGV 
  -nosigfpe -nosigsegv: Don t catch SigFPE / SigSEGV 
  -tmpdir TmpDirectory: defines TMDIR for temporary files 
  -help2tex: Create a LaTeX help file (piahelp.tex)
  -exec file [args] : Execute command file (last option)
\end{verbatim} 
Once {\bf piapp} is started, the main piapp window appears.
It contains the menu bar, an upper part with the zoom and colormap 
widgets for  image displays, memory and CPU usage and a terminal like 
widget (piapp console, see {\bf PIConsole} \myppageref{PIConsole}) 
in the lower part. The figure \ref{figmainwin}
shows an image of the piapp main window.
{\tt stdout/cout, stderr/cerr} are redirected to the piapp console and 
commands can be entered in this widget. It is also possible to keep
the terminal where piapp was started  for {\tt stdout/stderr} (flag {\tt -nored}).
It is also possible to have a command reader on  the terminal
({\tt stdin}), using the flag {\tt -term}. \\[1mm]
%
{\bf Warning:} The output redirection uses unix pipes. On Linux, with commands
producing long outputs, the application may block because of incorrect management
of pipes. If this happens, use piapp with  {\tt -nored} flag. 

\par 
In section 2, we present  a quick tour of {\bf piapp}.  
a brief overview of piapp graphics, supported data formats, interactive
analysis possibilities, the command interpreter and c++ execution 
are presented in the following sections. 
Section \ref{piappcmdref} contains a brief description of all piapp commands 
and help items. Various interactive control windows are described in appendix.

\vspace*{10mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=16cm]{piapp_mainwin.eps}
\caption{piapp main window}
\label{figmainwin}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


\newpage
\section{A Tour of piapp}
\subsection{Interacting with piapp, getting help}
Users interact with piapp through commands entered in the piapp-console
(or the unix terminal), and through the different menus. 
Some of the possibilities of the piapp-console are described
in {\bf PIConsole} help item, in the command reference section \myppageref{PIConsole}.
The description
of the commands in available online using the help command.
An online help window can be displayed by \menubar{File / Help}.
Commands and help items are grouped in categories which can be
selected using the OptionMenu in the Help window.
\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> help func 
Displays a function y=f(x) (Fills a vector with function values)   
 Usage: func f(x) xmin xmax [npt graphic_attributes]               
  Related commands: funcff func2d func2dff   
Cmd> func sin(x)/x 0.1 10 100 'red line=solid,2'
---> Graphic display of the function
\end{verbatim}
The directory {\tt DemoPIApp} contains a number of example
command script and sample data files.

\subsection{the Object Manager (NamedObjMgr)}
The {\bf piapp} application is built around an object manager
(class {\tt NamedObjMgr}) and a graphic application
(class {\tt PIStdImgApp}). Objects inheriting from 
the class {\tt AnyDataObj} can be managed through adapter 
classes (classes inheriting from {\tt NObjMgrAdapter}) by 
the object manager. 
\par
User sees the objects (such as Sophya objects Histo, NTuple,
Arrays, Images, SkyMaps, \ldots) kept in memory, organized 
in a single level tree structure. Four memory directories
are automatically created and can not be removed: \\
\centerline{\bf /home \hspace{10mm} /old \hspace{10mm} /tmp \hspace{10mm} /autoc}
The default working directory (in memory) is {\bf /home}.
Other directories can be created by the user.
\begin{center} 
{\bf Warning:} These are only the directory 
structure managed by the piapp application and do not 
correspond to the file system directories
\end{center}
The window {\bf ObjMgr} shown in figure \ref{figobjmgrw} 
can be used to navigate in the memory directories and 
execute simple operations on objects. \\ 
This window can be displayed using the menu command
\menubar{Objects / ObjectManager}. 
The button \framebox{\small \bf SetCurObj} can be used to set the value
of the interpreter's variable {\tt cobj} to the selected 
object name. 
Refer to the commands in group {\bf Object Management} 
for more information.

\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{piapp_objmgr.eps}
\caption{The interactive object management window}
\label{figobjmgrw}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{command language}
A basic command interpreter ({\bf PIACmd/Commander}) is included in {\bf piapp} and 
other command interpreters can be inserted in the application 
framework.
This interpreter ({\bf Commander} \myppageref{Commander}) 
synthax is close to the c-shell 
(csh) shell script. It is possible to define and use variables
({\tt set} command, {\tt \$varname}), and execute loops 
({\tt foreach,for}), as well as simple tests 
({\tt if test then ... else ... endif}).
Commands from a file (default extension .pic) can be executed 
using the {\tt exec} command.
Long commands can be put on several lines, by ending a line
by the backslash \\ caracter, to signal that the command
continues on the next line.

The command macro below shows a sample piapp session, where 
data from the file {\tt demo.ppf} are displayed.
\begin{verbatim}
#  Trace mode -> On
traceon
#  Deleting all objects in the current directory
delobjs *
#  Opening the PPF file demo.ppf
openppf demo.ppf
# Various displays in a graphic window, divided into 2x2 zones
zone 2 2
#  1D histogram display
disp h1d blue
#  2D histogram display
disp h2d
#  Function display
func sin(x)/x 0.1 10. 200 gold
#  Surface representation of a matrix
surf mtx1 colbr32
# Contour representation of a matrix
contour mtx1 'colrj32 normalline ncont=7'
#  3D representation of points using a PAW like command
n/plot nt31.z%y%x ! ! win
#  3D points superimposed on the previous display
nt3d nt32 x y  z ex ey ez - - 'same fcirclemarker7 red'
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{NTuple vue / PAW like commands}
It is possible to plot various expressions of objects, seen as
a 2D table, with named columns. This possibility exist not only 
for NTuples, but also for most objects (from SOPHYA) handled 
by piapp. See command groups {\bf Expr.Plotting} and 
{\bf pawCmd}

\subsection{C++ execution inside piapp}
For more complex processings, where the full power of C++
and the class libraries are necessary, {\bf piapp} provide 
the possibility of executing C++ code, without the burden 
of having to write a complete program. The objects 
present in the current directory are automatically 
declared. The communication with the piapp application 
is done by the {\bf NamedObjMgr} class. 
Two macros {\tt KeepObj()} and {\tt DisplayObj()}
simplify the task of keeping newly created objects.
In the example below, we first create a noisy signal 
in a vector, and we keep it in the application 
(Notice the use of multiline command) :

\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> c++exec c++exec Vector in(1024); \
...? in = RandomSequence(RandomSequence::Gaussian, 0., 1.); \
...? for(int kk=0; kk<in.Size(); kk++) \
...? in(kk) += 2*sin(kk*0.05); \
...? KeepObj(in);
\end{verbatim}
We can of course display the resulting vector:
\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> disp in 
\end{verbatim}

And, at a subsequent stage, make a low pass filter 
on the vector in:
\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> c++exec Vector out(1024); \
...? int w = 2; \
...? for(int k=w; k<in.Size()-w; k++) \
...?   out(k) = in(Range(k-w, k+w)).Sum()/(2.*w+1.); \
...? KeepObj(out);
\end{verbatim}

We can display the new vector {\tt out} overlayed 
on the previously displayed vector:
\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> disp out 'red same'
\end{verbatim}

See command group {\bf CxxExecutorCmd} for more information,
and the option window activated by the menu: 
{\bf Special/CxxExecOption}.

\subsection{Extending the application}
The {\bf piapp} application can easily be extended by the user.
This is done through shared libraries which can be opened 
and used by the application. 
Two main methods can be used (see  command group 
{\bf ExternalModules}) : 
\begin{itemize}
\item Creation of user functions. A shared library containing 
at least one user function with the following prototype
should be created:
\begin{verbatim}
extern "C" {
  void myfonction(vector<string>& args);
}
\end{verbatim}
The class {\bf NameObjMgr} should be used to communicate with the 
application. The {\tt link} \myppageref{link} and {\tt call} \myppageref{call}
should be used to load and execute user functions. An example of
user function can be found in DemoPIApp/user.cc exlink.pic.

\item Creation of loadable modules: Loadable modules can be 
used to extend the application possibilities in a way totally 
transparent to the user. It is possible to define new commands, 
handling of new object types, additional graphic functionalities
in a loadable module.

The class {\bf CmdExecutor} is the base class for extending piapp.
A shared library should be built, containing two functions,for
the activation and deactivation of the module, with the following
prototype (where {\tt mymodule} is the module's name.
\begin{verbatim}
extern "C" {
  void mymodule_init();
  void mymodule_end();
}
\end{verbatim}

\end{itemize}

%%%%%%%%%% Section 3: Graphiques
\newpage
\section{Interactive graphics}
Display of objects in piapp are managed by {\bf PIDrawers} and three
main viewers:

\begin{itemize}
\item[\bul]  PIScDrawWdg: Handler of 2-D drawers with interactive zoom
(see {\bf PIScDrawWdg} \myppageref{PIScDrawWdg} for more information.
\item[\bul] PIImage: Manages display of a 2-D array (P2DArrayAdapter) as an image 
and controls a zoom widget, as well as a global image view widget, and 
a color map view widget. (see {\bf PIImage} \myppageref{PIImage} for 
 more information.
\item[\bul] PIDraw3DWdg: handler of 3-D drawers with interacive rotation
and zoom. (see {\bf PIDraw3DWdg} \myppageref{PIDraw3DWdg} for more information.
\end{itemize}

\par
Refer to the command reference section on windows ({\bf Windows}
\myppageref{Windows})
for information on the different type of windows used by piapp 
and their properties.

\par
In addition, a number of control windows can be used to examine and 
change view properties of differents viewers and drawers.
\begin{itemize}
\item[] PIDrawerTools (see page \myppageref{secdrwtools})
\item[] PIAxesTools (see page \myppageref{secaxestools})
\item[] PIImageTools (see page \myppageref{secimagetools})
\item[] PIHisto2DTools (see page \myppageref{sech2dtools})
\item[] PIContourTools (see page \myppageref{secconttools})
\end{itemize}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Section 4 :   I/O
\newpage
\section{Data formats and I/O}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\bul] ASCII files (see {\tt ntfrascii} \myppageref{ntfrascii} and 
{\tt newnt} \myppageref{newnt} command)
\item[\bul] FITS format files, through \menubar{File/Open-Fits}. 
(see also (see {\tt openfits} \myppageref{openfits}) command.
\item[\bul] PPF (Portable Persistence file Format) files through 
menu \menubar{File/Open-PPF}. PPF files are the native persistence 
format in Sophya (or PEIDA++). 
\end{itemize}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Section 5 :   analyse a la paw
\newpage
\section{Tables and interactive analysis}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Section 6 :  command interpreter 
\newpage
\section{Command interpreter}
piapp uses the class {\bf PIACmd} which extends slightly the 
SOPHYA class {\bf Commander} as the command interpreter.
{\bf Commander} is a  c-shell inspired, string oriented command 
interpreter.  Although it has many limitations compared to 
c-shell, or Tcl , it provides some interesting possibilities:
\begin{itemize}
\item Extended arithmetic operations (c-like and RPN)
\item Simple and vector variables
\item Script definition 
\item Command execution in separate threads
\item Dynamic Load 
\end{itemize}

We describe below  the {\bf Commander} possibilities, 
as well as the few {\bf PIACmd} extensions. 

\subsection{Variables}
The SOPHYA::Commander interpreter manages non typed set of variables.
Environment variables are also accessible through 
the usual {\tt \$varenvname}, unless shadowed by a Commander 
variable. All Commander variables are vector of strings, and are 
extended as necessary.  {\tt \$varname} is the string formed by all 
the vector elements. Except when performing arithmetic operations,
variables are treated  as strings. 
\par 
An application level set of variables is also managed 
by Commander, through redefinition of \\
{\tt Commander::GetVarApp() / GetVarApp() \ldots } methods. 
The {\bf PIACmd} in piapp redefines the {\tt GetVarApp() }
in order to provide an easy access to some of objects attributes or methods, 
managed by {\bf NamedObjMgr}.

\begin{itemize}
\item[\rond] {\bf Definition and initialisation of variables }  
\begin{verbatim}
# Notice that the set command has no = sign 
Cmd> set sv StringValue
# Clearing/removing  of a variable : unset or clearvar 
Cmd> unset sv 

# Definition of a multi element variable (vector type)
# Notice that spaces before / after '(' and ')' are mandatory 
Cmd> set vecv ( mot1 mot2 mot3 mot4 mot5 )
# Arithmetic  expression : C language syntax - spaces before/after '=' are mandatory  Cmd> a = 2+3*sqrt(4)
# The '=' operator can also be used to initialize a variable with a string
Cmd> a = 'Bonjour Madame'
# A vector element can be specified in the left hand side
Cmd> vecv[2] = 'coucou'
# Or using an interpreter variable as index :
Cmd> i = 3
Cmd> vecv[i] = 'Ooohhh' 
\end{verbatim}

On the right hand side, the value of a variable should be accessed using 
the \$ character.  \\
A string can be parsed  into words using {\tt  var2words}
\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> var2words varname wordvarname [separateur]
\end{verbatim}

\item[\rond] {\bf Accessing variable contents } \\
The \$ character is used to access the content of a variable {\tt \$varname} .
Substitution rules : 
The {\tt \$xxx} is replaced by the value of  variable xxx. 
No substitution is performed for strings enclosed in simple quotes {\tt ' ... \$xxx '},
but substitution is done in strings enclosed in double quotes. 
Parenthesis or brackets can be used to specify the variable name, inside a string
without white space: {\tt \${vname} } ou {\tt \$(vname)}.
\begin{verbatim}
Cmd> x = 'Hello'
Cmd> echo $x
# Size of a vector variable : $#vname
Cmd> set vx ( 111 2222 3333 444444 )
Cmd> echo $#vx 
# Accessing vector elements 
Cmd> echo $vx[0] $vx[1] 
#  or using an interpreter variable as index :
Cmd> i = 2
Cmd> echo $vx[i] 
# Special syntax:  $[vname] is replaced by the content
# of a  variable whose name is $vname
Cmd> zzz = 'Commander'
Cmd> xxx = 'zzz'
Cmd> echo '---> $[xxx]= '  $[xxx]
---> $[xxx]= Commander
\end{verbatim}

\par
When brackets are used, the priority level between interpreter variables
and application level variable is changed. If vname exist at the application level,
{\tt \${vname} }  is replaced by its value, even if an interpreter variable with the 
same name has been defined. For some classes managed by NamedObjMgr, 
PIACmd provide acces to some of the attributes of the object by 
{\tt \${objname.attname} }. This mechanism has been implemented in particular for
TArrays, TMatrix/TVector, Histograms, NTuples and DataTables.
\par
Environment variables can simply be accessed by {\tt \$varenvname}. 
However, env. variables have the lowest priority.
Interpreter's variables have the highest priority in the substitution, followed 
by the application level variables.

\item[\rond] {\bf Special variables } 
\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt \$retval} ou {\tt \$retstr}  :  the string specified in the last {\bf return} statement 
\item {\tt \$status} : Return code from the last executed command.
Arguments of scripts (see below) or file executed through {\bf exec} command.
\item {\tt \$\# } : number of arguments, except \$0 
\item {\tt \$0}  : Script or file name  
\item {\tt \$1 \$2 \$3} ....  : Arguments  (for scripts and .pic files (exec))
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
 
\subsection{Control structures}

\begin{itemize}
\item[\rond] Enumerated loop:
\begin{verbatim}
foreach f ( w1 w2 w3 ... )
  ...
  echo $f
end
\end{verbatim}

Note that spaces before/after  '(' et and  ')' are mandatory.
An alternative form uses a vector variable name :
\begin{verbatim}
foreach v vecname 
  ...
  echo $v
end
\end{verbatim}

\item[\rond] Integer type loop:
\begin{verbatim}
for i  startInt:endInt[:stepInt]
  ....
  echo $i 
end
\end{verbatim}

\item[\rond] Integer type loop:
\begin{verbatim}
for f  startFloat:endFloat[:stepFloat]
  ....
  echo $f
end
\end{verbatim}

\item[\rond] Loop over lines of a file 
\begin{verbatim}
forinfile line FileName
  ...
  echo $line
end
\end{verbatim}

\item[\rond] The {\tt break} instruction can be used to exit from a loop 

\item[\rond] {\bf if then else} Conditional execution:
\begin{verbatim}
if ( test ) then 
endif

if ( test ) then
 ....
else
 .... 
endif
\end{verbatim}
Note that spaces before/after  '(' et and  ')' are mandatory.

test is in the form {\tt a == b} OR {\tt a != b} OR {\tt a < b}  OR {\tt a > b} 
OR {\tt a <= b} OR {\tt a >= b}. Comparison operators should be delimited 
by spaces.
{\tt ==} et {\tt !=}  make a string comparison, while
{\tt < , > , <= , >=} compare the values obtained after string to double conversion.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Script definition} 
A script is a sequence of commands. It is very similar to the execution of commands
from a file ({\bf exec filename}). Once a script has been defined, it can be called specifying
specifying the script name followed by its arguments.
\begin{verbatim}
#  Script definition :
defscript scriptname  [description ]
   ....
endscript 

#  Executing the script
Cmd> scriptname arg1 arg2 arg3 ....
\end{verbatim}

The {\tt return} instruction stops the execution and returns from a script, or from a command
file called through {\bf exec}. \\
The commands  {\bf listscript } and  {\bf clearscript scriptname} can be used 
to obtain the list of already defined script, or to clear a script definition.

\subsection{Other built-in commands}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\rond] Instruction {\bf echo } to write the line to cout/stdout
\item[\rond] Instruction {\bf echo2file} to write (append) the line to file ({\tt echo2file filename ....})
\item[\rond] Instruction {\bf sleep nsec} wait for {\tt nsec}  seconds
\item[\rond] Instructions {\bf timingon , timingoff , traceon , traceoff } \\
%
\item[\rond] {\bf exec filename [arg1 arg2 ... ] } to execute command from 
the file named {\tt filename}. {\tt .pic} is the default extension for the interpreter 
command files. 
\item[\rond]  {\bf help} and {help keyword/commandname }
\item[\rond]  {\bf listvars , listcommands } to print the list of defined variables and known
commands
\item[\rond]  An alias for a command by {\bf alias aliasname 'string ' }. Alias substitution
occurs for the first word in a command line. {\bf  listalias} prints the list of all 
defined aliases. 
\item[\rond] Execution control (piapp/PIACmd extension):
It is possible to stop the interpreter execution in a loop, a script or 
a command file by the {\bf stop} command, or using 
 {\tt <Cntrl C>} in the piapp console (PIConsole) \\
\end{itemize} 

\subsection {Command execution in separate threads} 
It is possible to create new threads to execute commands
( for non built-in interpreter commands). The syntax is similar 
to unix shell background tasks: an {\&} should be added at the end
of the command line.  A new thread is then created for the 
execution of the command, if declared as thread safe \\
(see {\tt CmdExecutor::IsThreadable() }. 
\par
Thread management commands:
\begin{itemize}
\item[\rond] {\bf thrlist }Print current list of threads, with the associated command
the thread identifier (integer ThrId) and its status.
\item[\rond] {\bf cleanthrlist } Removes all finished threads from the list.
An automatic cleanup is performed periodically.
\item[\rond] {\bf cancelthr ThId } / {\bf killthr ThId } Stops/kills the thread with 
the identifier ThId. Avoid using theses commands as the cleanup does 
not release some resources associated with 
the thread (memory, mutex \ldots). 
\end{itemize}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Section 7 :  c++ execution
\newpage
\section{On the fly C++ execution}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Section 8 :  command reference
\newpage
\section{piapp command reference}
\label{piappcmdref}
This section contains the description of piapp commands. This information
is available on-line, through the help command, or through a graphic
window, accessible  by \menubar{File / Help}.
The help items and command are divided into different sections,
where related commands are grouped. \\[10mm]

% \include{piahelp}
\input{piahelp.tex}

%  La partie des appendix
\appendix
\newpage
\section{Interactive control windows}
\subsection{DrawerTools} \index{DrawerTools}
\label{secdrwtools}
The {\bf PIDrawerTools}, shown in the figure \ref{figdrwtools} can be 
used to change the graphic attributes (color, font, marker, \ldots)
of the Drawers displayed in 2D displays 
({\bf PIScDrawWdg} \myppageref{PIScDrawWdg}) or 3D displays 
({\bf PIDraw3DWdg} \myppageref{PIDraw3DWdg}), as well in image displays
{\bf PIImage} (\myppageref{PIImage}). The PIDrawerTools can be activated
either using {\tt Alt<G>} on a PIScDrawWdg,PIDraw3DWdg,PIImage, 
or through the menu {\bf Tools/Show DrawerTools}.
A given drawer can be selected through the DrawerId selector.

\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{piapp_drwtools.eps}
\caption{PIDrawerTools}
\label{figdrwtools}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\newpage
%%%%
\subsection{AxesTools} \index{AxesTools}
\label{secaxestools}
The {\bf PIAxesTools}, shown in the figure \ref{figaxestools} can be used to 
control and change the setting of axes on 2D displays 
({\bf PIScDrawWdg} \myppageref{PIScDrawWdg}).
The PIAxesTools can be activated
either using {\tt Alt<A>} on a PIScDrawWdg or through 
the menu {\bf Tools/Show AxesTools}.

\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{piapp_axestools.eps}
\caption{PIAxesTools}
\label{figaxestools}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%%%%%
\section{ImageTools} \index{ImageTools}
\label{secimagetools}
The {\bf PIImageTools}, shown in the figure \ref{figimgtools} can be used to 
manipulate a display of type image. Image display are handled by the 
{\bf PIImage} (\myppageref{PIImage}). The PIImageTools can be activated
either using {\tt Alt<O>} on a PIImage, or through the menu 
{\bf Tools/Show ImageTools}.

\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{piapp_imgtools.eps}
\caption{PIImageTools}
\label{figimgtools}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Histo2DTools} \index{Histo2DTools}
\label{sech2dtools}
The {\bf PIHisto2DTools}, shown in the figure \ref{figh2dtools} can be 
used to control and change the display caracteristics of 2D histograms.
PIHisto2DTools can be activated 
either using {\tt Alt<O>} on a PIScDrawWdg, when the active 
drawer is a PIHisto2DDrawer, or through the generic drawer tool 
PIDrawerTools.

\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{piapp_h2dtools.eps}
\caption{PIHisto2DTools}
\label{figh2dtools}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{ContourTools} \index{ContourTools}
\label{secconttools}
The {\bf PIContourTools}, shown in the figure \ref{figconttools} can be 
used to control and change the caracteristics of contour displays.
PIContourTools can be activated  
either using {\tt Alt<O>} on a PIScDrawWdg, when the active 
drawer is a PIContDrawer, or through the generic drawer tool 
PIDrawerTools.

\vspace*{10mm}
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=11cm]{piapp_conttools.eps}
\caption{PIContourTools}
\label{figconttools}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



Both drawing options  (e.g. color, line type, fonts...) and contour 
determination parameters (e.g. contour number and levels) are controlled 
by {\bf PIContourTools}. 

\subsubsection{Drawing options}
The top choices in {\bf PIContourTools} 
concern the color map (left choice) or color (right choice) of the contours.
If a color map has been chosen, it is used to give each contour a color 
(according to its level). If no color map has been chosen, contours may be 
given a color using the left choice box. 

Contour are by default traced by lines. 
Alternatively (or in addition) the user may ask to trace them by markers 
or to put numeric labels (with the contour's level) aside the contour. 
These options are enabled/disabled by the {\tt LineON}, {\tt MarkerON} and {\tt LabelON} 
buttons from {\bf PIContourTools}. 

Options may be recovered ({\tt GetAtt}) or set ({\tt SetAtt})
from/to a drawer. Setting an option which adds to the screen will be immediately visible 
whereas unsetting it requires a {\tt Refresh} to be visible.  


\subsubsection{Contour options}
The contouring routines in {\tt spiapp} are based on a hack of the {\tt GNUPlot} 
routines. Contours are determined from a grid of values 
using an interpolation scheme. Three schemes may be used
(selected by the left menu) : 
\begin{enumerate}
\item Linear interpolation (default), selected by the  {\tt Int. Lin.} option  
\item A cubic spline algorithm, selected by the  {\tt CubicSpl} option 
\item A 2d BSpline algorihm, selected by the  {\tt B-Spline} option
\end{enumerate}
 
Contour levels and number are automatically 
determined by the program.  They may be specified differently,  
 through command-line options 
(see section \ref{piappcmdref} for the help of the contour/ntcont commands)
or the lower part of the {\bf PIContourTools} window. 

The user may specify one  of the following alternatives : 
\begin{enumerate}
\item the number of contour (their level beeing automatically set). 
To do this, select {\tt LevelNum} in the right menu and enter the contour number 
in the left box below.
\item the levels of the contours, through an array of numerical values 
(e.g. 1,4,6,9,27,4.5 will result in 6 contour lines being drawn, if possible and necessary). 
To do this, select {\tt LevelDisc} and enter the contour number (left box) 
and the values (right box) separated by ``{\tt ,}''.
\item the levels of the contours through an initial (lower) value and an increment.
For this, select {\tt LevelInc} and enter the contour number (left box)
and the initial value and increment in the right box, as above.
\item come back to the default situation, by choosing {\tt LevelAuto}
\end{enumerate}

Once these options are set, it is necessary the the program recomputes 
the contour lines. This is commanded by the {\tt SetParm} button. 


\newpage
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Index}
\printindex

\end{document}