source: Sophya/trunk/SophyaLib/TArray/tmatrix.cc@ 2923

// $Id: tmatrix.cc,v 1.35 2006-02-23 13:50:26 ansari Exp $
//                         C.Magneville          04/99
#include "sopnamsp.h"
#include "machdefs.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "pexceptions.h"
#include "tmatrix.h"

/*!
  \class SOPHYA::TMatrix
  \ingroup TArray
  
  The TMatrix class specializes the TArray class for representing
  two dimensional arrays as matrices. Matrix and vector operations,
  such as matrix multiplication or transposition is implemented.

  Sub-matrices, in particular matrix rows and columns can easily and 
  efficiently be extracted and manipulated.
  It should be noted that a significant memory overhead is associated with
  small matrices (typically less than 10x10=100 elements).However, 
  higher dimension arrays (3D for examples) can be used to represent large 
  number of small matrices or vectors.

  \b Matrix is a typedef for double precision floating point matrix ( TMatrix<r_8> ).

  \sa SOPHYA::TArray  SOPHYA::TVector
  \sa SOPHYA::Range   SOPHYA::Sequence
  \sa SOPHYA::MathArray  SOPHYA::SimpleMatrixOperation

  The following sample code illustrates vector-matrix multiplication 
  and matrix inversion, using simple gauss inversion.
  \code
  #include "array.h"
  // ....
  int n = 5;      // Size of matrix and vectors here
  Matrix a(n,n);  
  a = RandomSequence(RandomSequence::Gaussian, 0., 2.5);
  Vector x(n);
  x = RegularSequence(1.,3.);
  Vector b = a*x;
  cout << " ----- Vector x = \n " << x << endl;
  cout << " ----- Vector b = a*x = \n " << b << endl;
  SimpleMatrixOperation<r_8> smo;
  Matrix inva = smo.Inverse(a);
  cout << " ----- Matrix Inverse(a) = \n " << inva << endl;
  cout << " ----- Matrix a*Inverse(a) = \n " << inva*a << endl;
  cout << " ----- Matrix Inverse(a)*b (=Inv(a)*a*x) = \n " << inva*b << endl;
  cout << " ----- Matrix x-Inverse(a)*b = (=0 ?)\n " << x-inva*b << endl;  
  \endcode
  
 */

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//**** Createur, Destructeur
//! Default constructor
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::TMatrix()
// Constructeur par defaut.
  : TArray<T>()
{
  arrtype_ = 1;   // Type = Matrix
}

//! constructor of a matrix with  r lines et c columns.
/*!
  \param r : number of rows
  \param c : number of columns
  \param mm : define the memory mapping type
  \param fzero : if \b true , set matrix elements to zero 
  \sa ReSize
 */
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(sa_size_t r,sa_size_t c, short mm, bool fzero)
// Construit une matrice de r lignes et c colonnes.
  :  TArray<T>() 
{
  if ( (r == 0) || (c == 0) )
    throw ParmError("TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(sa_size_t r,sa_size_t c) NRows or NCols = 0");
  arrtype_ = 1;   // Type = Matrix
  ReSize(r, c, mm, fzero);
}

//! Constructor by copy
/*!
  \warning datas are \b SHARED with \b a.
  \sa NDataBlock::NDataBlock(const NDataBlock<T>&)
*/
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(const TMatrix<T>& a)
// Constructeur par copie
  : TArray<T>(a)
{
  arrtype_ = 1;   // Type = Matrix
  UpdateMemoryMapping(a, SameMemoryMapping);
}

//! Constructor by copy
/*!
  \param share : if true, share data. If false copy data
 */
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(const TMatrix<T>& a, bool share)
// Constructeur par copie avec possibilite de forcer le partage ou non.
: TArray<T>(a, share)
{
  arrtype_ = 1;   // Type = Matrix
  UpdateMemoryMapping(a, SameMemoryMapping);
}

//! Constructor of a matrix from a TArray \b a
/*!
  \param a : TArray to be copied or shared
  \param share : if true, share data. If false copy data
 */
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(const TArray<T>& a, bool share)
: TArray<T>(a, share)
{
  if (a.NbDimensions() > 2) 
    throw SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(const TArray<T>& a, ...) a.NbDimensions()>2");
  if (a.NbDimensions() == 1) {
    size_[1] = 1;
    step_[1] = size_[0]*step_[0];
    ndim_ = 2;
  }
  arrtype_ = 1;   // Type = Matrix
  UpdateMemoryMapping(a, SameMemoryMapping);
}

//! Constructor of a matrix from a TArray \b a , with a different data type
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::TMatrix(const BaseArray& a)
: TArray<T>()
{
  arrtype_ = 1;   // Type = Matrix
  UpdateMemoryMapping(a, SameMemoryMapping);
  SetBA(a);
}



//! Destructor
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>::~TMatrix()
{
}

//! Set matrix equal to \b a and return *this
/*!
  \warning Datas are copied (cloned) from \b a.
  \sa NDataBlock::operator=(const NDataBlock<T>&)
*/
template <class T>
TArray<T>& TMatrix<T>::Set(const TArray<T>& a)
{
  if (a.NbDimensions() > 2) 
    throw SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::Set(const TArray<T>& a) a.NbDimensions() > 2");
  if ((arrtype_ == 2) && (a.NbDimensions() > 1) && (a.Size(0) > 1) && (a.Size(1) > 1) )
    throw SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::Set(const TArray<T>& a) Size(0,1)>1 for Vector");
  TArray<T>::Set(a);
  if (NbDimensions() == 1) {
    size_[1] = 1;
    step_[1] = size_[0]*step_[0];
    ndim_ = 2;
  }
  UpdateMemoryMapping(*this, SameMemoryMapping);
  return(*this);
}

template <class T>
TArray<T>& TMatrix<T>::SetBA(const BaseArray& a)
{
  if (a.NbDimensions() > 2) 
    throw SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::SetBA(const BaseArray& a) a.NbDimensions() > 2");
  if ((arrtype_ == 2) && (a.NbDimensions() > 1) && (a.Size(0) > 1) && (a.Size(1) > 1) )
    throw SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::Set(const TArray<T>& a) Size(0,1)>1 for Vector");
  TArray<T>::SetBA(a);
  if (NbDimensions() == 1) {
    size_[1] = 1;
    step_[1] = size_[0]*step_[0];
    ndim_ = 2;
  }
  UpdateMemoryMapping(*this, SameMemoryMapping);
  return(*this);
}



//! Resize the matrix
/*!
  \param r : number of rows
  \param c : number of columns
  \param mm : define the memory mapping type
         (SameMemoryMapping,CMemoryMapping
         ,FortranMemoryMapping,DefaultMemoryMapping)
  \param fzero : if \b true , set matrix elements to zero 
 */
template <class T>
void TMatrix<T>::ReSize(sa_size_t r, sa_size_t c, short mm, bool fzero)
{
  if(r==0||c==0) 
    throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix::ReSize r or c==0 "));
  if ((arrtype_ == 2) && (r > 1) && (c > 1))
    throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix::ReSize r>1&&c>1 for Vector "));
  sa_size_t size[BASEARRAY_MAXNDIMS];
  for(int_4 kk=0; kk<BASEARRAY_MAXNDIMS; kk++)  size[kk] = 0;
  if (mm == SameMemoryMapping) mm = GetMemoryMapping();  
  else if ( (mm != CMemoryMapping) && (mm != FortranMemoryMapping) ) 
    mm = GetDefaultMemoryMapping();
  if (mm == CMemoryMapping) {
    size[0] = c;  size[1] = r;
  }
  else {
    size[0] = r;  size[1] = c;
  }
  TArray<T>::ReSize(2, size, 1, fzero);
  UpdateMemoryMapping(mm);
}

//! Re-allocate space for the matrix
/*!
  \param r : number of rows
  \param c : number of columns
  \param mm : define the memory mapping type
  \param force : if true re-allocation is forced, if not it occurs
          only if the required space is greater than the old one.
  \sa ReSize
 */
template <class T>
void TMatrix<T>::Realloc(sa_size_t r,sa_size_t c, short mm, bool force)
{
  if(r==0||c==0) 
    throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix::Realloc r or c==0 "));
  if ((arrtype_ == 2) && (r > 1) && (c > 1))
    throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix::Realloc r>1&&c>1 for Vector "));
  sa_size_t size[BASEARRAY_MAXNDIMS];
  for(int_4 kk=0; kk<BASEARRAY_MAXNDIMS; kk++)  size[kk] = 0;
  if (mm == SameMemoryMapping) mm = GetMemoryMapping();  
  else if ( (mm != CMemoryMapping) && (mm != FortranMemoryMapping) ) 
    mm = GetDefaultMemoryMapping();
  if (mm == CMemoryMapping) {
    size[0] = c;  size[1] = r;
  }
  else {
    size[0] = r;  size[1] = c;
  }
  TArray<T>::Realloc(2, size, 1, force);
  UpdateMemoryMapping(mm);
}

// $CHECK$ Reza 03/2000  Doit-on declarer cette methode const ?
//! Return a submatrix define by \b Range \b rline and \b rcol
template <class T>
TMatrix<T> TMatrix<T>::SubMatrix(Range rline, Range rcol) const
{
  Range rx=Range::first();
  Range ry=Range::first();
  short mm = GetMemoryMapping();
  if (mm == CMemoryMapping)  { rx = rcol;  ry = rline; }
  else { ry = rcol;  rx = rline; }
  TMatrix sm(SubArray(rx, ry, Range::first(), Range::first(), Range::first(), false), true);
  sm.UpdateMemoryMapping(mm);
  return(sm);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Transposition
//! Transpose matrix in place, by changing the memory mapping
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>& TMatrix<T>::TransposeSelf() 
{
  short vt = (marowi_ == veceli_) ? ColumnVector : RowVector;
  int_4 rci = macoli_;
  macoli_ = marowi_;
  marowi_ = rci;
  veceli_ = (vt ==  ColumnVector ) ?  marowi_ : macoli_;
  return(*this);
}


//! Returns the transpose of the original matrix. 
/*!
  The data is shared between the two matrices
  \return return a new matrix
 */
template <class T>
TMatrix<T> TMatrix<T>::Transpose() const
{
  TMatrix<T> tm(*this);
  tm.TransposeSelf();
  return tm;
}

//! Returns a new matrix, corresponding to the transpose of the original matrix
/*!
  \param mm : define the memory mapping type
    (SameMemoryMapping,CMemoryMapping,FortranMemoryMapping)
  \return return a new matrix
 */
template <class T>
TMatrix<T> TMatrix<T>::Transpose(short mm) const
{
  if (mm == SameMemoryMapping) mm = GetMemoryMapping();  
  TMatrix<T> tm(NCols(), NRows(), mm);
  for(sa_size_t i=0; i<NRows(); i++)
    for(sa_size_t j=0; j<NCols(); j++) 
      tm(j,i) = (*this)(i,j);
  return tm;
}

//! Rearrange data in memory according to \b mm
/*!
  \param mm : define the memory mapping type
    (SameMemoryMapping,CMemoryMapping,FortranMemoryMapping)
  \warning If identical, return a matrix that share the datas
 */
template <class T>
TMatrix<T> TMatrix<T>::Rearrange(short mm) const 
{
  if ( mm == SameMemoryMapping)  mm = GetMemoryMapping();
  else if ( (mm != CMemoryMapping) && (mm != FortranMemoryMapping) ) 
    mm = GetDefaultMemoryMapping();
  
  if  (mm == GetMemoryMapping())
    return (TMatrix<T>(*this, true));
  
  TMatrix<T> tm(NRows(), NCols(), mm);
  for(sa_size_t i=0; i<NRows(); i++)
    for(sa_size_t j=0; j<NCols(); j++) 
      tm(i,j) = (*this)(i,j);
  return tm;
}

//! Set the matrix to the identity matrix \b imx
template <class T>
TMatrix<T>& TMatrix<T>::SetIdentity(IdentityMatrix imx)
{
  if (ndim_ == 0) {
    sa_size_t sz = imx.Size();
    if (sz < 1) sz = 1;
    ReSize(sz, sz);
  }
  T diag = (T)imx.Diag();
  if (NRows() != NCols()) 
    throw SzMismatchError("TMatrix::operator= (IdentityMatrix) NRows() != NCols()") ;
  *this = (T) 0;
  for(sa_size_t i=0; i<NRows(); i++) (*this)(i,i) = diag;

  return (*this);
}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//**** Impression
//! Return info on number of rows, column and type \b T
template <class T>
string TMatrix<T>::InfoString() const
{
  string rs = "TMatrix<";
  rs += typeid(T).name();
  char buff[64];
  sprintf(buff, ">(NRows=%ld, NCols=%ld)", (long)NRows(), (long)NCols());
  rs += buff;
  return(rs);  
}

//! Print matrix
/*!
  \param os : output stream
  \param maxprt : maximum numer of print
  \param si : if true,  display attached DvList
  \param ascd : if true, suppresses the display of line numbers,
  suitable for ascii dump format.
  \sa SetMaxPrint
 */
template <class T>
void TMatrix<T>::Print(ostream& os, sa_size_t maxprt, bool si, bool ascd) const
{
  if (maxprt < 0)  maxprt = max_nprt_;
  sa_size_t npr = 0;

  // keep stream's io flags 
  // ios_base::fmtflags ioflg = os.flags(); compil pas sur OSF-cxx
  // os << right ;   compile pas sur OSF-cxx

  Show(os, si);
  if (ndim_ < 1)  return;
  // Calcul de la largeur d'impression pour chaque element
  int fprtw = os.precision()+7;
  int prtw = 5;

  if ( (typeid(T) == typeid( int_4 )) || (typeid(T) == typeid( uint_4 )) ) prtw = 8;
  else if ( (typeid(T) == typeid( int_8 )) || (typeid(T) == typeid( uint_8 )) ) prtw = 11;
  else if ( typeid(T) == typeid( r_4 ) ) prtw = fprtw;
  else if ( typeid(T) == typeid( r_8 ) ) prtw = fprtw;
  else if ( typeid(T) == typeid(complex<r_4>) ) prtw = fprtw;
  else if ( typeid(T) == typeid(complex<r_8>) ) prtw = fprtw;

  sa_size_t kc,kr;  
  for(kr=0; kr<size_[marowi_]; kr++) {
    if ( (size_[marowi_] > 1) && (size_[macoli_] > 10) && !ascd) 
      os << "----- Line= " << kr << endl;
    for(kc=0; kc<size_[macoli_]; kc++) {
      if(kc > 0) os << " ";  
      os << setw(prtw) << (*this)(kr, kc);   npr++; 
      if (npr >= (sa_size_t) maxprt) {
        if (npr < totsize_)  os << "\n     .... " << endl; return;
      }
    }
    os << endl;
  }
  os << endl;
  //compile pas sur OSF-cxx os.flags(ioflg);  // reset stream io flags
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////// Multiplication matricielle ///////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//! Return the matrix product C = (*this)*B
/*!
  \param mm : define the memory mapping type for the return matrix
 */
////////////// Routine de base sans optimisation //////////////
/*
template <class T>
TMatrix<T> TMatrix<T>::Multiply(const TMatrix<T>& b, short mm) const
{
  if (NCols() != b.NRows()) 
    throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::Multiply(b) NCols() != b.NRows() ") );
  if (mm == SameMemoryMapping) mm = GetMemoryMapping();  
  TMatrix<T> rm(NRows(), b.NCols(), mm);

  const T * pea;
  const T * peb;
  T sum;
  sa_size_t r,c,k;
  sa_size_t stepa = Step(ColsKA());
  sa_size_t stepb = b.Step(b.RowsKA());
  // Calcul de C=rm = A*B   (A=*this)
  for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++)      // Boucle sur les lignes de A
    for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {     // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
      sum = 0;
      pea = &((*this)(r,0));       // 1er element de la ligne r de A
      peb = &(b(0,c));                // 1er element de la colonne c de B
      for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++)  sum += pea[k*stepa]*peb[k*stepb];
      rm(r,c) = sum;
    }

  return rm;
}
*/

////////////// Routine optimisee //////////////
template <class T>
TMatrix<T> TMatrix<T>::Multiply(const TMatrix<T>& b, short mm) const
// Calcul de C= rm = A*B   (A=*this)
// Remember: C-like      matrices are column packed
//           Fortan-like matrices are line   packed
{
  if (NCols() != b.NRows()) 
    throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::Multiply(b) NCols() != b.NRows() ") );

  // Commentaire: pas de difference de vitesse notable selon le mapping de la matrice produit "rm"
  if (mm == SameMemoryMapping) mm = GetMemoryMapping();
  TMatrix<T> rm(NRows(), b.NCols(), mm);

  // Les "steps" pour l'adressage des colonnes de A et des lignes de B
  sa_size_t stepa = Step(ColsKA());
  sa_size_t stepb = b.Step(b.RowsKA());

  // Taille totale des matrices A et B
  size_t totsiza = this->DataBlock().Size();
  size_t totsizb = b.DataBlock().Size();


  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // On decide si on optimise ou non selon les dimensions de A et B //
  // (il semble que optimiser ou non ne degrade pas                 //
  //  beaucoup la vitesse pour les petites matrices)                //
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  uint_2 popt = GetMatProdOpt();
  bool no_optim = false; // optimization demandee par default
  if( (popt&(uint_2)1) == 0 ) { // pas d'optimization explicitement demande
    no_optim = true;
  } else if( (popt&(uint_2)2) == 0 ) { // pas d'optimization forcee, la methode decide
    // On part sur une disponibilite dans le cache processeur de 100 ko
    // (A et B peuvent etre stoquees dans le cache)
    if((totsiza+totsizb)*sizeof(T)<100000) no_optim = true;
  }

  sa_size_t r,c,k;
  T sum;
  const T * pe;


  /////////////////////////////////
  // Pas d'optimisation demandee //
  /////////////////////////////////

  if( no_optim ) {
    //cout<<"no_optim("<<no_optim<<") "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
    const T * pea;
    const T * peb;
    for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++) {     // Boucle sur les lignes de A
      for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {   // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
        sum = 0;
        pea = &((*this)(r,0));
        peb = &(b(0,c));
        // On gagne un peu en remplacant "pea[k*stepa]" par "pea+=stepa" pour les grosses matrices
        //for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++)  sum += pea[k*stepa]*peb[k*stepb];
        for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {sum += (*pea)*(*peb); pea+=stepa; peb+=stepb;}
        rm(r,c) = sum;
      }
    }
    return rm;
  }


  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // A.col est packed  et  B.row est packed (on a interet a optimiser quand meme) //
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  if(stepa==1 && stepb==1) {
    //cout<<"A.col packed && B.row packed "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
     T * pea = new T[NCols()];
    const T * peb;
    for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++) {     // Boucle sur les lignes de A
      pe = &((*this)(r,0));
      for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {pea[k] = *(pe++);}
      for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {   // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
        sum = 0;
        peb = &(b(0,c));
        for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) sum += *(peb++)*pea[k];
        rm(r,c) = sum;
      }
    }
    delete [] pea;
    return rm;
  }


  //////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // A.col est packed  et  B.row n'est pas packed //
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////

  if(stepa==1 && stepb!=1) {
    //cout<<"A.col packed && B.row not packed "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
    const T * pea;
    T * peb = new T[NCols()];
    for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {     // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
      pe = &(b(0,c));
      for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {peb[k] = *pe; pe+=stepb;}
      for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++) {   // Boucle sur les lignes de A
        sum = 0;
        pea = &((*this)(r,0));
        for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) sum += pea[k]*peb[k];
        rm(r,c) = sum;
      }
    }
    delete [] peb;
    return rm;
  }


  //////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // A.col n'est pas packed  et  B.row est packed //
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////

  if(stepa!=1 && stepb==1) {
    //cout<<"A.col not packed && B.row packed "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
    T * pea = new T[NCols()];
    const T * peb;
    for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++) {     // Boucle sur les lignes de A
      pe = &((*this)(r,0));
      for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {pea[k] = *pe; pe+=stepa;}
      for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {   // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
        sum = 0;
        peb = &(b(0,c));
        for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) sum += pea[k]*peb[k];
        rm(r,c) = sum;
      }
    }
    delete [] pea;
    return rm;
  }


  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // A.col n'est pas packed  et  B.row n'est pas packed //
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  //---- On demande l'optimization par copie d'une des matrices

  if( (popt&(uint_2)4) ) {
    // On copie la plus petite
    if(totsiza<totsizb) {   // on copie A
      //cout<<"A.col not packed && B.row not packed ==> copy A to optimize "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
      // Acopy doit etre C-like pour etre column-packed
      TMatrix<T> acopy(NRows(),NCols(),BaseArray::CMemoryMapping);
      acopy = *this;
      rm = acopy.Multiply(b,mm);
    } else {               // on copie B
      //cout<<"A.col not packed && B.row not packed ==> copy B to optimize "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
      // Bcopy doit etre Fortran-like pour etre column-packed
      TMatrix<T> bcopy(b.NRows(),b.NCols(),BaseArray::FortranMemoryMapping);
      bcopy = b;
      rm = Multiply(bcopy,mm);
    }
    return rm;
  }
 
  //---- stepb>stepa

  if(stepa!=1 && stepb!=1 && stepb>stepa) {
    //cout<<"A.col not packed && B.row not packed ==> optimize on B "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
    const T * pea;
    T * peb = new T[NCols()];
    for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {     // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
      pe = &(b(0,c));
      for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {peb[k] = *pe; pe+=stepb;}
      for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++) {     // Boucle sur les lignes de A
        sum = 0;
        pea = &((*this)(r,0));
        for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {sum += (*pea)*peb[k]; pea+=stepa;}
        rm(r,c) = sum;
      }
    }
    delete [] peb;
    return rm;
  }

  //---- stepa>=stepb

  if(stepa!=1 && stepb!=1) {
    //cout<<"A.col not packed && B.row not packed ==> optimize on A "<<stepa<<" "<<stepb<<endl;
    T * pea = new T[NCols()];
    const T * peb;
    for(r=0; r<rm.NRows(); r++) {     // Boucle sur les lignes de A
      pe = &((*this)(r,0));
      for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {pea[k] = *pe; pe+=stepa;}
      for(c=0; c<rm.NCols(); c++) {     // Boucle sur les colonnes de B
        sum = 0;
        peb = &(b(0,c));
        for(k=0; k<NCols(); k++) {sum += pea[k]*(*peb); peb+=stepb;}
        rm(r,c) = sum;
      }
    }
    delete [] pea;
    return rm;
  }


  //////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Cas non prevu, on ne doit JAMAIS arriver ici //
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////
  cout<<"TMatrix<T>::Multiply(b) Optimize case not treated... Please report BUG !!! "<<endl;
  throw(SzMismatchError("TMatrix<T>::Multiply(b) Optimize case not treated... Please report BUG !!! ") );
  return rm;

}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifdef __CXX_PRAGMA_TEMPLATES__
#pragma define_template TMatrix<uint_2>
#pragma define_template TMatrix<uint_8>
#pragma define_template TMatrix<int_4>
#pragma define_template TMatrix<int_8>
#pragma define_template TMatrix<r_4>
#pragma define_template TMatrix<r_8> 
#pragma define_template TMatrix< complex<r_4> > 
#pragma define_template TMatrix< complex<r_8> > 
#endif

#if defined(ANSI_TEMPLATES) || defined(GNU_TEMPLATES)
namespace SOPHYA {
template class TMatrix<uint_2>;
template class TMatrix<uint_8>;
template class TMatrix<int_4>;
template class TMatrix<int_8>;
template class TMatrix<r_4>;
template class TMatrix<r_8>;
template class TMatrix< complex<r_4> >;
template class TMatrix< complex<r_8> >;
}
#endif