Changeset 1222 for trunk/documents/UserDoc/DocBookUsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy
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trunk/documents/UserDoc/DocBookUsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy/hadrons.tex
r1211 r1222 785 785 786 786 787 \subsection{ICRU 73-based energy loss model} 788 The ICRU 73 \cite{hlei.ICRU73} report contains stopping power tables 789 for ions with atomic numbers 3--18 and 26, covering a range of different 790 elemental and compound target materials. The stopping powers derive from 791 calculations with the PASS code \cite{hlei.sigm02}, which implements the 792 binary stopping theory described in \cite{hlei.sigm02,hlei.sigm00}. Tables 793 in ICRU 73 extend over an energy range up to 1 GeV/nucleon. All stopping 794 powers were incorporated into Geant4 and are available through a 795 parameterisation model ({\tt G4IonParametrisedLossModel}). For a few 796 materials revised stopping powers were included (water, water vapor, nylon type 797 6 and 6/6 from P. Sigmund et al \cite{hlei.sigm09a} and copper from P. Sigmund 798 \cite{hlei.sigm09b}), which replace the corresponding tables of the original 799 ICRU 73 report. 800 801 To account for secondary electron production above $T_{c}$, the continuous 802 energy loss per unit path length is calculated according to 803 \begin{equation} 804 \label{hlei.rstp} 805 \frac{dE}{dx}\bigg|_{T<T_C} = \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{ICRU73} - 806 \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{\delta} 807 \end{equation} 808 where $(dE/dx)_{ICRU73}$ refers to stopping powers obtained by interpolating 809 ICRU 73 tables and $(dE/dx)_{\delta}$ is the mean energy transferred to 810 $\delta$-electrons per path length given by 811 \begin{equation} 812 \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{\delta} = \sum_{i} n_{at,i} \int_{T_c}^{T_{max}} 813 \frac{d\sigma_i(T)}{dT} T dT 814 \label{} 815 \end{equation} 816 where the index $i$ runs over all elements composing the material, $n_{at,i}$ 817 is the number of atoms of the element $i$ per volume, $T_{max}$ is the maximum 818 energy transferable to an electron according to formula (\ref{hlei.a1}) and 819 $d\sigma_i/dT$ specifies the differential cross section per atom for producing 820 an $\delta$-electron following equation (\ref{hlei.bbb}). 821 822 For compound targets not considered in the ICRU 73 report, the first term on 823 the rightern side in equation (\ref{hlei.rstp}) is computed by applying Bragg's 824 additivity rule \cite{hlei.ICRU49} if tables for all elemental components are 825 available in ICRU 73. 826 827 828 787 829 \subsection{Status of this document} 788 830 … … 793 835 19.01.2002 Minor corrections (mma) \\ 794 836 13.05.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) \\ 795 28.08.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) 837 28.08.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) \\ 838 11.12.2009 Modified by A. Lechner to add ICRU 73 section 796 839 797 840 \begin{latexonly} … … 862 905 \bibitem{hlei.Gryzinski1} M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 135 (1965) 305. 863 906 \bibitem{hlei.Gryzinski2} M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 138 (1965) 322. 907 \bibitem{hlei.ICRU73} 908 Stopping of Ions Heavier Than Helium, 909 ICRU Report 73, Oxford University Press (2005). 910 \bibitem{hlei.sigm02} 911 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 912 Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64. 913 \bibitem{hlei.sigm00} 914 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 915 Eur. Phys. J. D 12 (2000) 425. 916 \bibitem{hlei.sigm09a} 917 P.~Sigmund, A.~Schinner and H.~Paul, 918 Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier 919 than Helium (2009). 920 \bibitem{hlei.sigm09b} 921 Personal communication with P.~Sigmund (2009). 864 922 \end{thebibliography} 865 923 … … 932 990 \item M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 135 (1965) 305. 933 991 \item M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 138 (1965) 322. 992 \item 993 Stopping of Ions Heavier Than Helium, 994 ICRU Report 73, Oxford University Press (2005). 995 \item 996 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 997 Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64. 998 \item 999 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 1000 Eur. Phys. J. D 12 (2000) 425. 1001 \item 1002 P.~Sigmund, A.~Schinner and H.~Paul, 1003 Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier than Helium (2009). 1004 \item 1005 Personal communication with P.~Sigmund (2009). 1006 934 1007 \end{enumerate} 935 1008
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