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- Dec 16, 2009, 12:14:47 PM (15 years ago)
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- trunk/documents/UserDoc/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy
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trunk/documents/UserDoc/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy/CVS/Entries
r1211 r1222 6 6 /compton.tex/1.7/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009// 7 7 /gammaconversion.tex/1.6/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009// 8 /hadrons.tex/1.26/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009//9 8 /ionisation.tex/1.1/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009// 10 9 /ionisation2.tex/1.9/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009// … … 15 14 /rayleigh.tex/1.10/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009// 16 15 /relaxation.tex/1.5/Mon Dec 7 10:31:00 2009// 16 /hadrons.tex/1.27/Wed Dec 16 10:07:42 2009// 17 17 D -
trunk/documents/UserDoc/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy/hadrons.tex
r1208 r1222 784 784 continuous and the discrete parts of the process. 785 785 786 \subsection{ICRU 73-based energy loss model} 787 The ICRU 73 \cite{hlei.ICRU73} report contains stopping power tables 788 for ions with atomic numbers 3--18 and 26, covering a range of different 789 elemental and compound target materials. The stopping powers derive from 790 calculations with the PASS code \cite{hlei.sigm02}, which implements the 791 binary stopping theory described in \cite{hlei.sigm02,hlei.sigm00}. Tables 792 in ICRU 73 extend over an energy range up to 1 GeV/nucleon. All stopping 793 powers were incorporated into Geant4 and are available through a 794 parameterisation model ({\tt G4IonParametrisedLossModel}). For a few 795 materials revised stopping powers were included (water, water vapor, nylon type 796 6 and 6/6 from P. Sigmund et al \cite{hlei.sigm09a} and copper from P. Sigmund 797 \cite{hlei.sigm09b}), which replace the corresponding tables of the original 798 ICRU 73 report. 799 800 To account for secondary electron production above $T_{c}$, the continuous 801 energy loss per unit path length is calculated according to 802 \begin{equation} 803 \label{hlei.rstp} 804 \frac{dE}{dx}\bigg|_{T<T_C} = \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{ICRU73} - 805 \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{\delta} 806 \end{equation} 807 where $(dE/dx)_{ICRU73}$ refers to stopping powers obtained by interpolating 808 ICRU 73 tables and $(dE/dx)_{\delta}$ is the mean energy transferred to 809 $\delta$-electrons per path length given by 810 \begin{equation} 811 \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{\delta} = \sum_{i} n_{at,i} \int_{T_c}^{T_{max}} 812 \frac{d\sigma_i(T)}{dT} T dT 813 \label{} 814 \end{equation} 815 where the index $i$ runs over all elements composing the material, $n_{at,i}$ 816 is the number of atoms of the element $i$ per volume, $T_{max}$ is the maximum 817 energy transferable to an electron according to formula (\ref{hlei.a1}) and 818 $d\sigma_i/dT$ specifies the differential cross section per atom for producing 819 an $\delta$-electron following equation (\ref{hlei.bbb}). 820 821 For compound targets not considered in the ICRU 73 report, the first term on 822 the rightern side in equation (\ref{hlei.rstp}) is computed by applying Bragg's 823 additivity rule \cite{hlei.ICRU49} if tables for all elemental components are 824 available in ICRU 73. 786 825 787 826 \subsection{Status of this document} … … 793 832 19.01.2002 Minor corrections (mma) \\ 794 833 13.05.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) \\ 795 28.08.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) 834 28.08.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) \\ 835 11.12.2009 Modified by A. Lechner to add ICRU 73 section 796 836 797 837 \begin{latexonly} … … 862 902 \bibitem{hlei.Gryzinski1} M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 135 (1965) 305. 863 903 \bibitem{hlei.Gryzinski2} M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 138 (1965) 322. 904 \bibitem{hlei.ICRU73} 905 Stopping of Ions Heavier Than Helium, 906 ICRU Report 73, Oxford University Press (2005). 907 \bibitem{hlei.sigm02} 908 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 909 Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64. 910 \bibitem{hlei.sigm00} 911 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 912 Eur. Phys. J. D 12 (2000) 425. 913 \bibitem{hlei.sigm09a} 914 P.~Sigmund, A.~Schinner and H.~Paul, 915 Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier 916 than Helium (2009). 917 \bibitem{hlei.sigm09b} 918 Personal communication with P.~Sigmund (2009). 864 919 \end{thebibliography} 865 920 … … 932 987 \item M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 135 (1965) 305. 933 988 \item M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 138 (1965) 322. 989 \item 990 Stopping of Ions Heavier Than Helium, 991 ICRU Report 73, Oxford University Press (2005). 992 \item 993 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 994 Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64. 995 \item 996 P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 997 Eur. Phys. J. D 12 (2000) 425. 998 \item 999 P.~Sigmund, A.~Schinner and H.~Paul, 1000 Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier than Helium (2009). 1001 \item 1002 Personal communication with P.~Sigmund (2009). 934 1003 \end{enumerate} 935 1004
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