Changeset 1222 for trunk/documents/UserDoc/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy/hadrons.tex

Timestamp:

Dec 16, 2009, 12:14:47 PM (15 years ago)

Author:

garnier

Message:

CVS update

File:

• trunk/documents/UserDoc/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy/hadrons.tex (modified) (4 diffs)

trunk/documents/UserDoc/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/latex/electromagnetic/lowenergy/hadrons.tex

@@ -784 +784 @@
 continuous and the discrete parts of the process.
 
+\subsection{ICRU 73-based energy loss model}
+The ICRU 73 \cite{hlei.ICRU73} report contains stopping power tables 
+for ions with atomic numbers 3--18 and 26, covering a range of different 
+elemental and compound target materials. The stopping powers derive from 
+calculations with the PASS code \cite{hlei.sigm02}, which implements the 
+binary stopping theory described in \cite{hlei.sigm02,hlei.sigm00}.  Tables 
+in ICRU 73 extend over an energy range up to 1 GeV/nucleon. All stopping 
+powers were incorporated into Geant4 and are available through a 
+parameterisation model ({\tt G4IonParametrisedLossModel}). For a few 
+materials revised stopping powers were included (water, water vapor, nylon type
+6 and 6/6 from P. Sigmund et al \cite{hlei.sigm09a} and copper from P. Sigmund 
+\cite{hlei.sigm09b}), which replace the corresponding tables of the original
+ICRU 73 report.
+
+To account for secondary electron production above $T_{c}$, the continuous 
+energy loss per unit path length is calculated according to
+\begin{equation}
+\label{hlei.rstp}
+\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg|_{T<T_C} = \bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{ICRU73} - 
+\bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{\delta}
+\end{equation}
+where $(dE/dx)_{ICRU73}$ refers to stopping powers obtained by interpolating 
+ICRU 73 tables and $(dE/dx)_{\delta}$ is the mean energy transferred to 
+$\delta$-electrons per path length given by
+\begin{equation}
+\bigg(\frac{dE}{dx}\bigg)_{\delta} = \sum_{i} n_{at,i} \int_{T_c}^{T_{max}} 
+\frac{d\sigma_i(T)}{dT} T dT
+\label{}
+\end{equation}
+where the index $i$ runs over all elements composing the material, $n_{at,i}$ 
+is the number of atoms of the element $i$ per volume, $T_{max}$ is the maximum 
+energy transferable to an electron according to formula (\ref{hlei.a1}) and 
+$d\sigma_i/dT$ specifies the differential cross section per atom for producing 
+an $\delta$-electron following equation (\ref{hlei.bbb}).
+
+For compound targets not considered in the ICRU 73 report, the first term on 
+the rightern side in equation (\ref{hlei.rstp}) is computed by applying Bragg's 
+additivity rule \cite{hlei.ICRU49} if tables for all elemental components are 
+available in ICRU 73.
 
 \subsection{Status of this document}
@@ -793 +832 @@
 19.01.2002 Minor corrections (mma) \\
 13.05.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) \\
-28.08.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko)
+28.08.2002 Minor corrections (V.Ivanchenko) \\
+11.12.2009 Modified by A. Lechner to add ICRU 73 section
 
 \begin{latexonly}
@@ -862 +902 @@
 \bibitem{hlei.Gryzinski1} M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 135 (1965) 305.
 \bibitem{hlei.Gryzinski2} M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 138 (1965) 322.
+\bibitem{hlei.ICRU73}
+Stopping of Ions Heavier Than Helium,
+ICRU Report 73, Oxford University Press (2005).
+\bibitem{hlei.sigm02}
+P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 
+Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64.
+\bibitem{hlei.sigm00}
+P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner,
+Eur. Phys. J. D 12  (2000) 425.
+\bibitem{hlei.sigm09a}
+P.~Sigmund, A.~Schinner and H.~Paul,
+Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier 
+than Helium (2009).
+\bibitem{hlei.sigm09b}
+Personal communication with P.~Sigmund (2009).
 \end{thebibliography}
 
@@ -932 +987 @@
 \item M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 135 (1965) 305.
 \item M. Gryzinski, Phys. Rev. A 138 (1965) 322.
+\item
+Stopping of Ions Heavier Than Helium,
+ICRU Report 73, Oxford University Press (2005).
+\item
+P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner, 
+Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64.
+\item
+P.~Sigmund and A.~Schinner,
+Eur. Phys. J. D 12  (2000) 425.
+\item
+P.~Sigmund, A.~Schinner and H.~Paul,
+Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier than Helium (2009).
+\item
+Personal communication with P.~Sigmund (2009).
 \end{enumerate}